Inertial Character Research Articles

Устойчивое развитие современной России в контексте политико-культурных оснований

The article touches upon the issue related to the scientific search for factors and conditions that ensure sustain-able development of modern Russia in the midst of new challenges and foreign policy changes. The main at-tention is paid to the political culture, on which not only the political identity of the country, but also the very path of political development of the state depends. The author shows that the political culture of sustainable devel-opment is not based on ideological foundations, but primarily represents a positive set of political orientations of citizens in relation to state policy, its social orientation in the interests of society. Such a political culture, con-taining a balance of values between the people and the elite, will be designed for the long-term development of the system, and ensuring its continuity. At the same time, it highlights the positive properties of inertial char-acter, which help the political system to maintain the trajectory of its movement without losing stability, while the potential of the dialectics of political-cultural development allows it to adapt to the new reality.

Dynamical tides in Jupiter and other rotationally flattened planets and stars with stable stratification

ABSTRACTWe develop a numerical method for directly computing the dissipative dynamical tidal response of rapidly rotating, oblate stars and gaseous planets with realistic internal structures. Applying these calculations to neutrally and stably stratified polytropes, we identify the most relevant resonances in models with rotation rates up to nearly the mass-shedding limit. We then compute the dynamical tidal response for Jupiter interior models including both stably stratified and convective regions. These calculations show that resonances involving mixed waves with both gravito-inertial and purely inertial character are capable of explaining a discrepancy between observations and hydrostatic calculations of Jupiter’s response to tidal forcing by Io. This result contrasts with recent work that excluded Jupiter’s rotational flattening, and opens the door to resonances involving a wider range of internal oscillation modes than previously considered.

Kepler’s Conjunction for Two Strong Earthquakes in Türkiye in February 2023

This work is devoted to the study of the relationship between strong earthquakes and planetary configurations using the example of two consecutive strong earthquakes that occurred in Türkiye (Turkey), on February 6, 2023. It is shown that at the time of the earthquakes, linear alignment of the planets along the Jupiter-Venus-Sun line was observed, that is, the astronomical trigger belonged to the generalized Kepler conjunction scheme (gKc), when the Earth does not participate in the linearization scheme. It is shown that for the first earthquake that occurred at 01:17 UTC, the ratio of the distances between Jupiter-Earth and Jupiter-Mars was close to an integer value equal to 5.993. For the second earthquake that occurred on the same day at 10:25 UTC, no integer resonance ratios were detected, however, it was found that the terrestrial e UTC line at the time of the earthquake passed through the position of Mercury. Recall that the 12-hour line of the eUTC chart is always oriented towards the Sun. The conclusions of the work once again confirm the correctness of the theories of Archimedes and Kepler and convince us of the existence of a gravitational phenomenon that does not depend on the distances and masses of planets, has a pronounced inertial and wave character and does not fit into the general theory of relativity, developed in the last century by Albert Einstein.

The role of proterozoic sediments in the formation of oil and gas content in the northern part of the Volga-Ural oil and gas basin (based on the results of basin modeling)

Two-dimensional basin modeling was carried out along regional profiles (sublatitudinal and submeridional). When modeling, the software package of Lomonosov Moscow State University was used. The models take into account the features of geological structure of the Riphean deposits of the Kama-Belsky aulacogene northern part and the Vendian-Paleozoic complexes that overlay it. Recent data on the features of region geology (taking into account the assessment of thickness of the eroded Riphean-Vendian deposits), as well as on the features of organic matter of the ancient Precambrian deposits were used. As a result, boundaries of the oil and gas window and geotemperature gradient were revealed. Main type of deposits according to the results of 2D basin modeling is anticlinal (reservoir-arch) and stratigraphically shielded. Data obtained testify, firstly, to two stages of hydrocarbon generation by the Riphean-Vendian oil source strata (the first stage occurs at the end of the Early Riphean, the second – at the Vendian-end of the Late Carboniferous), and, secondly, to prevailing share of the Riphean-Vendian complex of source strata in the formation of oil and gas content of sedimentary cover within the marginal zones of the Kama-Belsky aulacogen northern-northwestern part of the Volga-Ural oil and gas basin. Generation of hydrocarbons by source strata of the Riphean-Vendian and Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous continues to this day, however, it has rather an «inertial character».

Dispersion of heavy particles under sea waves

We report the results of a series of numerical simulations performed with the aim to describe the dispersion of heavy particles transported by sea waves. Recent studies investigated the interplay between the wave Stokes drift and the inertial character of negatively buoyant particles that, ultimately, yields an augmented settling velocity. Our interest is to investigate the possible occurrence of a Brownian regime that would allow for the definition of a diffusion coefficient. The velocity and acceleration auto-correlation functions and the corresponding integral time scales show that already at a very low Stokes number the particles behave very differently from the fluid. The main consequence is that an asymptotic diffusive regime is rarely observed, except as a transient regime or when the background random noise is comparable with the wave field velocities.

Основы теории силового импульсного устройства

The article discusses a mathematical model of a power impulse device, which allows you to select the characteristics of the ejected liquid jet, such as the velocity at the moment of ejection, the pressure created in the nozzle of the power impulse device, etc., by changing the parameters of the device. A feature of the proposed mathematical model, which significantly distinguishes it from the previously considered models, is that the model was considered for the case of unsteady motion. This state of the medium in a power impulse device is the most characteristic, therefore the results obtained are more general. It is shown that, in contrast to the steady motion of a liquid, in the case of unsteady motion, an additional term appears, which can be defined as a head having an inertial character. It can be seen from the proposed mathematical model that the presence of an inertial head leads to the appearance of a flow deceleration effect, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the total liquid head in the direction of the flow. The pressure generated in the barrel acts against the direction of the hydraulic resistance. All of the above is applicable only for a certain moment in time or for the case when the acceleration of the fluid is constant. If the acceleration changes, then the action of the heads along the fluid flow is a function of time. This circumstance makes it possible to apply the result obtained with unsteady motion to create devices that form a high-pressure jet. A distinctive feature of the considered model is that it analyzes the behavior of the fluid in the power impulse device for two cases: 1. the volume of fluid in the barrel of the power impulse unit is greater than the volume of the nozzle; 2. the volume of fluid in the barrel is less than or equal to the volume of the nozzle. The results of the analysis showed that in the first case, the initial velocity of liquid ejection significantly exceeds this velocity in the second case. That is, it is the first case that is of practical importance.

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТ ПОЛИГОН-70 – НАЧАЛО НОВОГО ЭТАПА ГИДРОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ МИРОВОГО ОКЕАНА (к 50-летию открытия океанских синоптических вихрей)

Fifty years ago, in 1970, open ocean eddies of the synoptic scale were experimentally found during the expedition within the Soviet Oceanographic Program Polygon–70 carried out in the subtropical zone of the North Atlantic. This turned out to be one of the most significant events in oceanology of the twentieth century. Unlike the previously known similar circulation structures that usually separated from large-scale jet streams, the newly discovered eddies were free, that is, they had essential inertial wave character. The velocities in such eddies often exceeded the mean mesoscale ocean current velocity. By analogy with cyclones and anticyclones in the atmosphere, free eddies of the open ocean, which have spatial and temporal scales similar to the atmospheric eddy formations, were called SYNOPTIC eddies. This term is used in the Russian literature. The history of the Polygon–70 experiment and its main results are described. Brief information is given about other major international and that of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology “polygon” programs for the study of mesoscale eddies.

Female entrepreneurship in the Baltics: formal and informal context

PurposeThis paper aims to review female entrepreneurship in a (post) transition context, analysing its almost three-decade development in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Little research has focussed to date on female entrepreneurship in the Baltic countries. Using an institutional perspective, this paper aims to explain the unique interplay of formal and informal contexts that have shaped the development of female entrepreneurship in (post-) transition contexts.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on an institutional reading and analysis of secondary data: statistical data, international reports and previous studies on female entrepreneurs.FindingsThere are more than 130,000 female entrepreneurs in the Baltic countries who share many common features and challenges. While the formal entrepreneurship environment is considered to be very developed in the Baltic countries, women are under-represented among the population of entrepreneurs, and there is gender-based sectoral segregation of female entrepreneurs in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. This indicates a need to recognise the diversity of patterns in entrepreneurial development, reflecting different inheritances from the Soviet past and the inertial character of some informal institutions, not to mention the differences in the pace of change during the transition period following the Soviet era.Practical implicationsThis research can be used for academics, professionals, researchers and policymakers working in the fields of small business and entrepreneurship. Its data can furthermore be used to develop evidence-based policy and actions that would foster the participation of women in entrepreneurship in Baltic countries.Originality/valueSo far, little research has focussed on female entrepreneurship in the Baltic countries. The paper attempts to investigate that Baltic countries with their history of emphasis on gender equality on one hand and the award-winning business and entrepreneurship system on the other hand demonstrate relatively low levels of women’s entrepreneurship. This paper aims to contribute to the field of entrepreneurship, illustrating how entrepreneurship is linked to its social context.

Coincident general relativity

The metric-affine variational principle is applied to generate teleparallel and symmetric teleparallel theories of gravity. From the latter is discovered an exceptional class which is consistent with a vanishing affine connection. Based on this remarkable property, this work proposes a simpler geometrical formulation of General Relativity that is oblivious to the affine spacetime structure, thus fundamentally depriving gravity of any inertial character. The resulting theory is described by the Hilbert action purged from the boundary term and is more robustly underpinned by the spin-2 field theory, where an extra symmetry is now manifest, possibly related to the double copy structure of the gravity amplitudes. This construction also provides a novel starting point for modified gravity theories, and the paper presents new and simple generalisations where analytical self-accelerating cosmological solutions arise naturally in the early and late time universe.

Psychological Status of Russian Society between the Latest Parliamentary and the Future Presidential Elections: A Comparative Analysis

Paper presents the data from the study of psychological status of Russian society. As the study has shown a number of psychological parameters (concepts of justice, some political values, the level of infl uence of President Putin in public mentality) preserves rather consistent for a long time. Other indicators are transformed substantially under the infl uence of some factors including elections. Inertial character of the last elections gave tactical victory for authorities but caused political demobilization of Russian society. Respodents’ images of Prime Minister, Presidential Administration, State Duma, governors, municipal power, courts, procurators and political parties substantially declined after 2016 elections. At the same time one could see the increase of the infl uence of the Council of Federation, security agencies and intelligence service. It also should be noticed that a radical views substantially declined as the conservative trend increased. It means that success of the United Russia was proved. At the same time one can speak about a clear growth of the left moods as the growth of the socialist and communist ideas was fi xed in this study. Elections improved the image of authorities: respondents evaluate them more positively now. There is a new trend of decline of traditionally personifi ed images of authority and the growth of the infl uence of political parties and groups though all the parties have lost their infl uence. One can suggest that citizens got used to this party system. The demand to have a formal party representation proves that values of formal democracy have been rooted in mass mentality.

Evolutionary Metric-Learning-Based Recognition Algorithm for Online Isolated Persian/Arabic Characters, Reconstructed Using Inertial Pen Signals.

The development of sensors with the microelectromechanical systems technology expedites the emergence of new tools for human-computer interaction, such as inertial pens. These pens, which are used as writing tools, do not depend on a specific embedded hardware, and thus, they are inexpensive. Most of the available inertial pen character recognition approaches use the low-level features of inertial signals. This paper introduces a Persian/Arabic handwriting character recognition system for inertial-sensor-equipped pens. First, the motion trajectory of the inertial pen is reconstructed to estimate the position signals by using the theory of inertial navigation systems. The position signals are then used to extract high-level geometrical features. A new metric learning technique is then adopted to enhance the accuracy of character classification. To this end, a characteristic function is calculated for each character using a genetic programming algorithm. These functions form a metric kernel classifying all the characters. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of one of the state-of-the-art works in terms of recognizing Persian/Arabic handwriting characters.

The effect of external mechanical compression on in vivo water content in human skin

We have studied the influence of external mechanical compression on diffuse reflection spectra of human skin tissue under in vivo conditions in the spectral range 800–2000 nm. It has been found that the external compression leads to a decrease in the reflection coefficient of the skin. Analysis of spectra based on the diffusion approximation of the radiation transfer theory has allowed us to find that the external compression weakens both absorbing and scattering properties of the skin. We have revealed that, of the two processes that control the in vivo reflection coefficient of skin in the near-infrared spectral range under conditions of its external mechanical compression, the weakening process of the scattering properties of tissue as a result of the displacement of water out of the volume of the skin subjected to the compression is predominating. It has been found that, under the application of an external compression of 110 kPa, the water content in the skin decreases by a value of about 10%. The stabilization process of diffuse reflection spectra under external compression conditions has an inertial character. In this case, under the application of an external compression of 110 kPa, the stabilization time of spectra is about 10 min, whereas, after the removal of the compression, the skin recovers its optical properties in the near-IR range within the period of time of about 50 min.

Theorizing change: Between reflective judgment and the inertia of political Habitus

In an effort to delineate a more plausible account of political change, this paper reads Pierre Bourdieu’s social theory as a corrective to exaggerated enthusiasm about the emancipatory force of reflection. This revised account valorizes both Bourdieu’s insights into the acquired, embodied, durable nature of the political habitus and judgment theorists’ trust in individuals’ reflection as a perpetual force of novelty and spontaneity in the public sphere of democratic societies. The main purpose of this exercise is to reveal the mix of continuity and discontinuity that is characteristic of most transformations in the political common sense of democratic societies. In other words, this paper seeks to offer a more complex understanding of the inertial character of reflective judgment and of the difficulty of shifting the categories that define the political common sense. By cross-pollinating the ever-growing literature on reflective judgment and Bourdieu’s sombre theory of politics, we can better calibrate our expectations regarding the possibilities of significant democratic transformation in late capitalist societies.

Siberian school of regional studies in the RAS presidium program “Fundamental problems of the spatial development of the Russian federation: Interdisciplinary synthesis”

A concept is proposed for devising a strategy for the country’s spatial development, including the levels of the country as a whole, federal districts, and federal subjects. A new version of the optimization interregional interindustry model is presented, as well as long-term scenarios of the postcrisis development of Russia and Siberia based on the model. Scenarios are based on two possible paradigms of the world’s development, i.e., (a) assuming that “what goes around comes around” (everything will resume its natural course) and (b) implying that the world will be fundamentally different and its development will be mainly innovative. Within the first paradigm, the economic development of Russia and Siberia as its part assumes a stable inertial character. The possibility of development according to the second type will arise if the Russian government proceeds to practical policies, stimulating economic growth, technological renewal and innovations, and economic development, and development of Russia’s Asian and Arctic territories. Predictive estimates are discussed for the development of the Russian Federation and its macroregions within these two scenarios. An original method is presented for measuring spatial transformations based on the computational SIRENA-2 complex, including simulation and normative models at different levels of the spatial hierarchy.

Application of parametric identification methods for the analysis of the heat exchanger dynamics

The investigation of heat exchanger dynamics has been carried out. The three kinds of exchangers have been taken into consideration: the low power plate heat exchanger, the high power industrial heat exchanger and the model of heat exchanger. The dynamics of the examined exchangers has been analyzed using the parametric identification methods and their implementation in MATLAB. The character of observed phenomenon is not unique. In some of the cases it shows inertial character, in the others oscillatory character. It might indicate an appearing of the kind of a thermal oscillation during the non-stationary states of the heat exchanger.

THz Switching of Antiferromagnets and Ferrimagnets

Using analytical calculations as well as computer simulations, we show that antiferromagnets can be switched on a time scale of picoseconds using THz laser pulses only. This all-optically triggered switching mechanism rests on the coordinated dynamics of the two interacting sublattices with an inertial character. We calculate the resonance frequencies in the nonlinear regime, the orbits, and estimate the field strength required for switching analytically. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ferrimagnets can be switched similarly at their compensation point.

High-intensive femtosecond singular pulses in Kerr dielectrics

The nonlinear dynamics of a high-power femtosecond singular pulse in Kerr media are analyzed numerically upon optically induced ionization. We examine the plasma inertia impact to stable propagation of optical vortices. Multifoci behavior of vortices in medium are revealed. Next we numerically demonstrate that inertial character of plasma formation provides a quasi-soliton regime of vortex propagation resistant to symmetry-breaking perturbation.

Atomic mechanisms of local structural rearrangements in strained crystalline titanium grain

The nucleation and development of plastic deformation in a crystalline grain of titanium (Ti) during uniaxial tension has been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the interatomic interaction described using the embedded atom method. Specific features of the generation of local structural rearrangements in the grain at various straining rates are revealed. It is established that there is a threshold deformation level at which local structural rearrangements begin to nucleate in the crystal, which is accompanied by a jumplike decrease in the potential energy. Because of the inertial character of the accommodation processes, this threshold value increases with the loading velocity.

Characterization of cavitation based on autocorrelation of acoustic emissions.

Cavitation is a phenomenon that causes different bioeffects depending on its stability and strength (that is, inertial character). In current thinking, stable cavitation is associated with acoustic emissions at the harmonics, subharmonics, and ultraharmonics of the driving insonation frequency while inertial cavitation is associated with broadband emissions. To assess the validity of these assumptions, cavitation emissions from microbubbles excited at 1 MHz in 3% agar gel were simulated as well as experimentally recorded. The results show that cavitation may occur “stably” (repetitively) without sub-, ultra-, or integer harmonic emissions, highlighting the need for more precise measures of stability that cannot be captured by frequency-based methods, namely, the variances of emission amplitude and phase. The results also show that inertial cavitation need not cause broadband emissions. In contrast to these ambiguities, the autocorrelation of cavitation emissions allows the estimation of amplitude and phase stability, while the first zero-crossing of the auto-correlation is shown to be closely related to the widely-used measure Rmax/R0 of cavitation strength. Therefore, autocorrelation-based cavitation characterization promises to be a more accurate method of inferring cavitation bioeffects than its frequency-based counterpart.

Estimation of deformational properties of a stratum-borehole system based on analysis of barometric and tidal responses of the water level in a borehole

Statically isolated conditions in the stratum-borehole hydrogeological system under consideration at periods of ≥ 3 h are established on the basis of the investigation of barometric and tidal responses of the water level in a borehole located in the territory of the Mikhnevo Geophysical Observatory, Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences. The barometric effectiveness, tidal sensitivity of the water level, elastic parameters, and porosity of water-bearing rocks are estimated. A model of the inertial character of the water exchange in the stratum-borehole system is constructed depending on the period of variations with allowance for the borehole design, as well as the water transmissibility and elastic capacity of the aquifer. The results of modeling are in compliance with the dependence of the amplitude transfer function from variations in the atmospheric pressure to variations in the water level. The results of processing the data of high-precision measurements made it possible to refine the transmissibility of the aquifer obtained from the data of experimental filtration works.