Equality Of Means Research Articles

大豆种子物理特性对充种性能影响的仿真研究

Soybean seed physical properties is important on filling performance during planting. To evaluate the effect of sphericity and variation coefficient of mean diameter on seeding performance in seed metering device, seven soybean genotypes [The Ken Dou 40, Ken Feng 17, Qing Ren Black Soybean, Black Soybean, Hei He 44, Bei Jiang 91 and Dong Nong 52] were tested to measure the length, width, thickness, and calculate these sphericities, mean diameter and variation coefficient of mean diameter, respectively. The model of soybean seed with equal mean diameter was developed and the discrete element method was used to set the different sphericity and variation coefficient of mean diameter. A simulation study was performed in the model of the cell wheel feed followed by mathematical modeling of the experimental data, and the data with response to the surface methodology was analyzed. Results showed that while the sphericity had a significant effect on both single- and empty -seed rates, the variation coefficient of mean diameter had a significant effect on the multi -seed rate. With the increase of sphericity, the single-seed rate increases but empty-seed rate decreases. With the increase of variation coefficient of mean diameter, the multi-seed rate increases. Based on our results, the Ken Feng17, Ken Dou 40, Black Soybean and Qing Ren Black soybeans were only selected for bench test. The relative error between the experimental results and the theoretical values of the regression analysis was small; however, the respond trend of factor index was same. Our study suggested that the effect of sphericity and variation coefficient of mean diameter on seeding performance can be used by using simulation experiment.

Clinical biomarker-based biological age predicts deaths in Brazilian adults: the ELSA-Brasil study.

Biological age is a construct that seeks to evaluate the biological wear and tear process of the organism that cannot be observed by chronological age. We estimate individuals' biological age based on biomarkers from multiple systems and validate it through its association with mortality from natural causes. Biological age was estimated in 12,109 participants (6621 women and 5488 men) from the first visit of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) who had valid data for the biomarkers used in the analyses. Biological age was estimated using the Klemera and Doubal method. The difference between chronological age and biological age (Δage) was computed. Cox proportional hazard models stratified by sex were used to assess whether Δage was associated with mortality risk after a median follow-up of 9.1years. The accuracy of the models was estimated by the area under the curve (AUC). Δage had equal mean for men and women, with greater variability for men. Cox models showed that every 1-year increase in Δage was associated with increased mortality in men (HR (95% CI) 1.21; 1.17-1.25) and women (HR (95% CI) 1.24; 1.15-1.34), independently of chronological age. Results of the AUC demonstrated that the predictive power of models that only included chronological age (AUC chronological age = 0.7396) or Δage (AUC Δage = 0.6842) was lower than those that included both, chronological age and Δage (AUC chronological age + Δage = 0.802), in men. This difference was not observed in women. We demonstrate that biological age is strongly related to mortality in both genders and is a valid predictor of death in Brazilian adults, especially among men.

Determining Compensation Circuit Values to Minimize Leakage Magnetic Field in Wireless Power Transfer Systems with Double-Sided LCC Topology

This paper proposes compensation circuit values for minimizing the leakage magnetic field in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems with a double-sided LCC topology by identifying the resonant condition in which the vector sum of the coil currents of a WPT system is minimized. The proposed method for calculating compensation circuit values is obtained through mathematical derivation using arithmetic– geometric mean inequality and verified through simulation and experimentation. The experimental results obtained using the compensation circuit values determined by the proposed method confirm a reduction in the leakage magnetic field of the WPT system with a double-sided LCC topology by at least 8% and up to 43% compared to the system that does not use the proposed method.

How Locus of Control Predicts Subjective Well-Being and its Inequality: The Moderating Role of Social Values

AbstractPrevious research has established the central role of an individuals’ locus of control (LoC) in influencing subjective well-being. However, earlier studies have predominantly omitted an exploration of potential moderating factors at the country-level and have rarely delved into the influence of LoC on an important yet often-overlooked dimension of well-being—namely, subjective well-being inequality. Addressing these gaps, this study examines the association between individuals’ LoC and subjective well-being, considering both the mean and inequality aspects. Additionally, it explores the moderating influence of country’s social values, particularly the individualism-collectivism dimension. Utilizing data from the Integrated Values Survey, comprising 170,000 observations across 37 countries from 1996 to 2022, our study confirms a strong positive relationship between LoC and subjective well-being while also unveiling a strong negative relationship with subjective well-being inequality. Moreover, it demonstrates that country’s social values exert significant moderation effects on the relationship between LoC and subjective well-being, affecting both the mean level and inequality aspects, albeit in opposing directions. By employing the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, our findings support the importance of structural effects. Understanding how increasing LoC shapes people’s wellbeing in a society holds implications for policymaking and contributes to ongoing discussions on collective choice and inequality.

New estimates for Hermite–Hadamard–Fejer-type inequalities containing Raina fractional integrals

The Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-type inequality is an effective utensil for examining upper and lower estimations of the integrals of convex functions. In this study, the power mean inequality and Hölder inequality are employed. The outcomes are new Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-type inequalities via Raina fractional integrals for m-convex functions. The findings are extensions of many previous investigations.

The Construction of Equality vs. Equity and Its (Un)Transparent Communication. A Corpus-Based Analysis of ESG Communication in the Car Transportation Sector

Abstract Studies across various disciplines have shown that, although they sound similar, there is significant difference in the meanings of the words equality and equity. However, no research has been conducted on the linguistic and discursive construction of these two concepts, especially in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures, which are increasingly used by companies to show their commitment to these issues. In light of this, the primary objective of this study is to assess the usage of equity and equality in ESG communication, comparing it with their usage in a general English corpus. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the transparency of companies’ communication regarding their commitment and approach to equality and/or equity. Through a synchronic corpus-based analysis of a pilot corpus of ESG reports from companies operating in the sectors of car rental and ride sharing, followed by a comparison with the enTenTen21 Corpus, this paper provides insights into the linguistic profiles of the two words and the communication strategies in both contexts. The findings attempt at contributing to an updated linguistic definition of the distinction between equity and equality that is still lacking in the literature.

Tighter sum unitary uncertainty relation

Abstract Unitary uncertainty relations provide a theoretical framework that enhances our understanding of the principles underlying quantum mechanics and its applications in quantum information science. In this study, we derive both the unitary uncertainty relation and the weighted unitary uncertainty relation based on the sum variance for arbitrary pairs of unitary operators. By applying the arithmetic geometric mean inequality, we obtain a lower bound that is tighter than the one provided by Bagchi and Pati. [Physical Review A 94,042104] for two unitary operators. To illustrate our results, we include examples of both the unitary uncertainty relation and the weighted uncertainty relation based on sum variance.

REMARKS ON INEQUALITIES WITH PARAMETER BY CONFORMABLE FRACTIONAL INTEGRALS

We prove that an equation holds for differentiable convex functions, and this result has been derived using conformable integrals. With the help of this equality, several parameterized inequalities are established by using the conformable fractional integrals. Namely, we show that our main inequalities reduce to Ostrowski-, Hermite–Hadamard-, Simpson-, and Bullen-type inequalities which are proved in earlier published papers. More precisely, some inequalities are acquired by taking advantage of the convexity, the Hölder, and the power mean inequalities. Finally, examples are given to illustrate the investigated results.

Gender equality in family relations: legal aspects of protecting the rights of women and men in marriage

Gender equality in family legal relations is one of the main foundations of modern legal and social development. The article is devoted to the systematic analysis of the principle of gender equality in family relations as one of the fundamental tasks of the state and society. This study acquires special importance in the context of global political processes, international obligations of Ukraine and its European choice. The theoretical and practical importance of this issue is decisive for legal principles and the development of national society. Implementation of the principles of gender equality in family relations is important not only from the point of view of justice, but also for ensuring the harmonious development of society in general. The article examines the concept of gender equality in detail and determines its impact on the realization of property rights of participants in family relationships. On the basis of an in-depth analysis of scientific provisions, the legal nature of economic relations of spouses and their importance in the science of family law have been clarified. It is emphasized that family legislation reflects the concept of gender, taking into account all aspects of gender issues. Its purpose is to strengthen the principles of egalitarian democracy in the family, to ensure equal opportunities for the realization of constitutional rights, freedoms and duties of both an individual and a citizen. Legal awareness is defined as the basis of the mechanism for ensuring gender equality in Ukraine. The importance of gender equality for achieving stability and harmony in the family and society in general is emphasized. It has been established that there are problems of low legal awareness of citizens in general and specific problems of gender inequality in the country. It has been studied that gender equality in family relations is becoming more and more relevant and necessary in modern society. The meaning of gender equality as equal recognition of rights and opportunities for men and women in all aspects of family life is considered. Through the analysis of the legal aspects of the protection of the rights of women and men in marriage, highlighting the practical aspects of the realization of these rights and the analysis of socio-cultural influences, the formation and application of gender equality in modern family relations has been studied. It was noted that achieving gender equality in family relationships is a complex process that includes both legal and socio-cultural aspects. In particular, this issue is closely related to the fight against gender stereotypes, which can still affect attitudes towards the roles of men and women in the family. Therefore, the effective provision of gender equality in family legal relations requires not only the improvement of legislation, but also a change in public consciousness.

Relaxed conditions for parameterized linear matrix inequality in the form of nested fuzzy summations

The aim of this study is to investigate less conservative conditions for parameterized linear matrix inequalities (PLMIs) that are formulated as nested fuzzy summations. Such PLMIs are commonly encountered in stability analysis and control design problems for Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems. Utilizing the weighted inequality of arithmetic and geometric means (AM-GM inequality), we develop new, less conservative linear matrix inequalities for the PLMIs. This methodology enables us to efficiently handle the product of membership functions that have intersecting indices. Through empirical case studies, we demonstrate that our proposed conditions produce less conservative results compared to existing approaches in the literature.

The Impact of Downside Beta on Stock Price Behavior in Pakistan

Purpose- The purpose of this study is to construct a portfolio based on downside beta as a measure of downside risk. The analysis uses data from all listed companies on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE) over the period from January 2000 to December 2021. Study Design/Methodology/Approach - The study employs a rolling window approach with 36 consecutive months to estimate downside beta values for portfolios ranked from lowest to highest downside beta. Portfolio returns are evaluated using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) in conjunction with the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the Fama-French three- and five-factor models. A six-month Treasury bill rate is used as the risk-free rate. Findings- The study reveals a significant spread between the downside beta values of the constructed portfolios, confirming that downside risk can be effectively captured through this approach. The hypothesis of equal mean downside beta across the portfolios is rejected, indicating that portfolios based on downside beta exhibit different risk-adjusted returns. Furthermore, the rejection of the alpha equal to zero hypothesis suggests that these risk-adjusted returns are statistically significant. However, the study finds that lower partial moments do not fully explain the variation in downside risk. Practical Implications- These findings are particularly relevant for investors focused on managing downside risk. The study offers alternative methods for constructing portfolios that account for downside risk, which could enhance risk management strategies. However, the reliance on historical data from the PSE may limit the generalizability of these findings to other markets. Originality/Novelty - This study contributes to the literature by constructing portfolios grounded in downside beta as a measure of downside risk, offering a novel approach to portfolio formation and risk-adjusted return evaluation. It highlights the importance of incorporating downside risk in portfolio management and presents an innovative application of downside beta within the context of emerging markets.

UNVEILING GENDER BIAS: AN ANALYSIS THE DECONSTRUCTION OF MEANING IN ADVERTISING THROUGH CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Society's current views on gender equality have become a crucial topic of in-depth discussion, especially those widely promoted by modern society in advertising. It proves that the meaning of gender equality recognized in society has shifted from its true meaning. This research aims to raise the issue of gender equality by deconstructing the meaning of gender equality in advertising from a feminist perspective using Critical Discourse Analysis. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research design with a critical discourse analysis approach by Fairclough, which focuses on three dimensions: the textual, discursive, and sociocultural practice dimensions. The data collection technique in this research uses the SBLC (Simak Bebas Libat Cakap) and note-taking techniques, in which the researcher listens to the utterances contained in the advertisement and records the utterances that will be used as data objects. Data sources were obtained from advertisements published on YouTube, totaling four advertisements with the theme of gender equality. The results of this study provide a deep understanding of the meaning of gender equality in the media and society. They can build different stereotypes or realities and be well-accepted by society. In addition, the deconstruction of meaning allows us as researchers or academics to look more critically at the discourse in these advertisements and whether gender equality always puts men in a position that dominates women.

Estimations of Karcher mean by Hadamard product

In this paper, we estimate the difference between the Hadamard product and the Karcher mean of n positive invertible operators on the Hilbert space in terms of the Specht ratio and the Kantorovich constant. Also, we improve the obtained inequalities in the case of n=2. Moreover, we give ratio inequalities of the operator power means by the Hadamard product.

Depoliticized and decontextualized equality promotion in the gender equality planning of Finnish comprehensive schools

ABSTRACT This study critically examines gender equality planning (GEP), which has been obligatory in all Finnish comprehensive schools since 2015. GEP has been welcomed as a promising method of systemizing perspectives on gender in Finnish basic education. A regionally representative, discretional sample of gender equality plans (N = 140) was analysed using a critical discourse approach to examine how these plans discursively bent, stretched, fixed or shrank the meaning of gender equality along with the consequences of these approaches for equality promotion. The analysis shows that the GE plans constantly bent and stretched equality to separate it from gender and fixed it to free-floating gender equality measures, which left gendered power relations undisturbed. Consequently, equality promotion was represented as depoliticized. However, through the shrinking, the contextual construction of gendered power relations was recognized, and GEP exhibited the potential to politicize gender equality. In this paper, we argue that GEP has potential in gender equality promotion if the planning processes recognize contextual construction of gendered power relations and if equality promotion is not reduced to technical measures. Otherwise, the tool might actually impede equality rather than promoting it.

On Bernstein and Turán-type integral mean estimates for polar derivative of a polynomial

Let p(z)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$p(z)$\\end{document} be a polynomial of degree n having no zero in |z|<k\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$|z|< k$\\end{document}, k≤1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$k\\leq 1$\\end{document}, then Govil [Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 50(1980), 50-52] proved max|z|=1|p′(z)|≤n1+knmax|z|=1|p(z)|,\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\max _{|z|=1}|p'(z)|\\leq \\frac{n}{1+k^{n}}\\max _{|z|=1}|p(z)|, $$\\end{document} provided |p′(z)|\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$|p'(z)|$\\end{document} and |q′(z)|\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$|q'(z)|$\\end{document} attain their maxima at the same point on the circle |z|=1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$|z|=1$\\end{document}, where q(z)=znp(1z‾)‾.\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ q(z)=z^{n}\\overline{p\\bigg(\\frac{1}{\\overline{z}}\\bigg)}. $$\\end{document} In this paper, we present integral mean inequalities of Turán- and Erdös-Lax-type for the polar derivative of a polynomial by involving some coefficients of the polynomial, which refine some previously proved results and one of our results improves the above Govil inequality as a special case. These results incorporate the placement of the zeros and some coefficients of the underlying polynomial. Furthermore, we provide numerical examples and graphical representations to demonstrate the superior precision of our results compared to some previously established results.

Dissecting Gender Bias: Critical Discourse Analysis of Advertisements in Indonesia

This research aims to identify gender equality issues by deconstructing the meaning of gender equality in advertisements from a feminist perspective through Critical Discourse Analysis. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research design with a Critical Discourse Analysis approach developed by Fairclough, which focuses on three main dimensions: textual dimension (microstructural), text production practice dimension (mesostructural), and socio-cultural practice dimension (macrostructural). Research data were obtained through interviews with informants as well as from advertisements related to gender equality aired on YouTube. Data collection techniques include interviews and the method of free listening and listening (SBLC) with note-taking techniques. The data collected was then analyzed using triangulation and deconstruction methods to reveal the ideology contained in the ad text and compare it with the informants' views. The results of this study show that societal norms often undermine women's abilities and limit women's roles to the domestic domain or as companions to their husbands. This research is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the meaning of gender equality in advertising media and help build a new perspective that is more inclusive and acceptable to society in Indonesia. The phenomenon of gender equality remains a challenge in many countries, including Pakistan and Nigeria, although the approaches and responses to this inequality differ in each country. In Pakistan, gender representations in media and advertising tend to reinforce traditional stereotypes, while in Nigeria, women are more active in fighting inequality through platforms such as blogs, which are used to criticize patriarchy and fight for social change. Deconstructing meaning in advertising allows researchers and academics to critically evaluate whether gender equality always places men in a dominant position over women, thus opening space for deeper analysis and more equitable solutions.

Optimal power-type Heronian and Lehmer means inequalities for the complete elliptic integrals

In this paper, we prove that the inequalities H p ( K ( r ) , E ( r ) ) < π 2 , L q ( K ( r ) , E ( r ) ) < π 2 hold for all r ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) if and only if p ≤ − log ⁡ 3 / log ⁡ ( π / 2 ) and q<−1, where H p ( a , b ) and L q ( a , b ) are respectively the p-th power-type Heronian mean and q-th Lehmer mean of a and b, and K ( r ) and E ( r ) are respectively the complete elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds.

Symmetric SAGE and SONC forms, exactness and quantitative gaps

The classes of sums of arithmetic-geometric exponentials (SAGE) and of sums of nonnegative circuit polynomials (SONC) provide nonnegativity certificates which are based on the inequality of the arithmetic and geometric means. We study the cones of symmetric SAGE and SONC forms and their relations to the underlying symmetric nonnegative cone.As main results, we provide several symmetric cases where the SAGE or SONC property coincides with nonnegativity and we present quantitative results on the differences in various situations. The results rely on characterizations of the zeroes and the minimizers for symmetric SAGE and SONC forms, which we develop. Finally, we also study symmetric monomial mean inequalities and apply SONC certificates to establish a generalized version of Muirhead's inequality.

Clinical profiling, treatment characteristics and outcome in Behcet's Disease (BD)-A retrospective cohort study from Karnataka Rheumatology Association (KRA).

Behcet's disease (BD) has a heterogeneous and unpredictable phenotype that differs in various geographical areas. To describe the clinical phenotype & outcome of Behcet's disease(BD) from Karnataka, India and compare them with large cohorts from endemic regions. Databases of practising rheumatologists from Karnataka were reviewed to retrieve clinical characteristics, course of illness, prescribing information and outcome at last follow-up of patients clinically diagnosed as BD. The classification criteria, namely revised International criteria for Behcet's disease (rICBD) and International study group (ISG) criteria were applied. Outcome was defined as complete or partial remission, persistent disease or relapse. We included 72 patients, equal gender distribution and mean age 37.4 ± 12.8years from 8 rheumatology centres. Commonest presentations were recurrent oral aphthosis 58(80.6%), genital ulcers 36(50%) and ocular manifestations 40(55.6%). Three-quarters [51/72(70.8%)] fulfilled rICBD criteria whereas only half [36/72(50%)] fulfilled ISG criteria. Apart from glucocorticoids [53/72(73.6%)], frequently prescribed therapies were colchicine 39(54.2%) and azathioprine 35(48.6%). Eleven-patients received biologics(anti-TNF-α) and JAK inhibitors to treat severe organ involvement. HLA-B*51 and pathergy tests were positive in 27/45(60%) and 12/34(35.3%) patients respectively. Outcomes were documented in 94.4%(68/72) patients at median follow-up of 24 (12;36) months. Majority [46/68(67.6%)] had complete remission, 17/68(25%) had partial remission, 4/68(5.9%) had persistent while 1/68(1.5%) had relapsing course. Majority of BD patients had orogenital aphthosis and ocular manifestations and an excellent response to treatment. Key Points • In our region, Behçet's Disease primarily manifests with recurrent oral aphthae and ocular involvement, with comparatively lower incidence of severe genital ulcers and neurological involvement than in endemic regions. • Apart from glucocorticoids, colchicine and azathioprine are the most commonly used agents. Biologics and JAK inhibitors are prescribed infrequently, primarily in cases of severe organ involvement. • A significant proportion of patients achieved either complete or partial remission during follow-up, with no observed mortality suggesting a milder disease course and better outcome compared to endemic regions. • Gender, HLA-B*51 status, and pathergy response did not exert any significant influence on the clinical profile or outcome in BD patients in Karnataka.

New Results on Simpson-Type Inequalities for Co-ordinated Convex Function by Generalized Conformable Integrals

In this paper, firstly, we prove an identity involving generalized conformable integrals. By using this obtained identity, we establish several Simpson-type inequalities for differentiable co-ordinated convex function by means of generalized conformable fractional integrals. More precisely, some Simpson-type inequalities are obtained using the well-known Hölder and Power mean inequalities. Furthermore, we also consider some special cases which can be deduced from the main results.