Inefficiency In Patients Research Articles

Analysis of Comorbidity in HIV–Infected Patients with Immunological Inefficiency of Antiretroviral Therapy

Introduction. Studies indicate high risks of secondary diseases and adverse events not related to HIV in patients with immunological inefficiency of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The effect of comorbidity on the increase of CD4+ is detected.The aim of the study is assessing the effect of comorbidity on CD4+ growth and the probability of developing immunological inefficiency of ART.Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted that included HIV-infected patients with CD4+ at the beginning of treatment <200 cells/µl. Two groups were formed: the main group — patients with immunological inefficiency of ART (281 people); the control group — patients with sufficient immunological response on ART (188 people). Results. The probability of developing immunological inefficiency in patients with tuberculosis was 1.7 times higher (odds ratio (OR) — 1.7; 95 % confidence interval (CI) — 1.0–2.9); in patients with HCV-infection — 1.8 times higher (OR — 1.8; 95 % CI — 2.6–1.2). The probability of cardiovascular disease in the main group was 2 times higher (OR — 2.3; 95 % CI — 1.0–5.4).Discussion. Tuberculosis, HCV-infection and cardiovascular diseases frequently registered in the structure comorbidity in the main group of patients.Conclusion. According to the results of this study, HIV-infected patients with HCV and tuberculosis co-infection have a higher chance of developing immunological inefficiency of ART.

Chemosensitivity and its association with exercise ventilation inefficiency in patients with chronic coronary syndromes compared to heart failure

Chemosensitivity and its association with exercise ventilation inefficiency in patients with chronic coronary syndromes compared to heart failure

Effect of laparoscopic fundoplication on esophageal motility in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

The article presents the results of a prospective observational study on the effect of laparoscopic fundoplication on esophageal motility in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with hiatal hernia. It has been found that in this category of patients, the antireflux intervention significantly leads to an improvement in manometric parameters. This result is primarily due to the restoration of esophageal motility with its preoperative inefficiency in patients with type III hernias. Regarding segmental distal esophageal spasm, the fundoplication demonstrates a multidirectional effect. Surgical treatment may not affect this type of dysmotility in any way, may lead to the motility normalization, or cause the development of a similar variant of hyperkinesis in the postoperative period. When deciding whether to perform laparoscopic fundoplication, the presence of ineffective esophageal motility or distal esophageal spasm in patients is not an absolute contraindication for surgical intervention.

Prevalence of Convergence Insufficiency in Patients Suffering from Headache.

Objective: To find out the prevalence of convergence insufficiency (CI) in patients suffering from headache. Study Design: Cross Sectional, Observational study. Setting: Departments of Eye, The Children’s Hospitals and The Institute of Child Health, Multan and Govt. Shahbaz Sharif Hospital, Multan. Period: August 2020 to January 2021. Material & Methods: A total of 95 patients between the ages of 08-62 years with a complaint of headache were examined. Both male and female patients having complaint of headache, patients more than 07 years of age and patients with complaint of discomfort and blur vision at near after focusing for few minutes were included. While uncooperative patients, patients less than 07 year of age and patients having systemic and neurological diseases that can cause headache were excluded. Patient's visual acuity (VA) was recorded with Snellen’s chart and refraction was done with retinoscopy/ auto refractometer. Fundoscopy was carried out to find out any pathology i.e., papilledema. Convergence was checked by pencil push-up test and amplitude of accommodation was measured using RAF rule. Descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages were extracted for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation (SD) for quantitative variables. Results: In this study, we recruited 95 patients with a complaint of headache between the ages of 08-62 years and mean age was 27.80 years. 68 (71.60 %) were female and 27 (28.40 %) were male. These patients were examined to determine the prevalence of convergence inefficiency in patients suffering from a headache. Out of these 95 patients having headache 27 (28.4%) had poor convergence, 42 (44.2%) had weak convergence and 26 (27.4%) had normal convergence. This study suggested that 69 (72.6%) patients with headache had varying degree of CI. Conclusion: Our study suggested that headache is more common in females than males and CI is the most common cause of headache among these patients. These patients should be assessed and treated to relieve their symptoms and enable them to spend a better quality of life. We recommend ophthalmologists and optometrists to measure CI as a part of their routine ophthalmic examination.

The role of nutraceuticals in heart failure muscle wasting as a result of inflammatory activity. The International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) Position Paper.

Muscle wasting is one of the main causes for exercise intolerance and ventilatory inefficiency in patients with heart failure and a strong predictor of frailty and reduced survival. The prevalence of sarcopenia is at least 20% in patients with heart failure. Patients with heart failure often have subclinical systemic inflammation, which may exert sustained effects on skeletal muscle. Besides exercise, nutrition should also be carefully evaluated as an appropriate diet with selected nutraceuticals may be able to stimulate muscle anabolism and inhibit muscle catabolism. This review summarizes the epidemiological and clinical trial evidence supporting the recommendations for the use of nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory properties in heart failure and provides an overview of the state of the evidence for nutraceutical supplementation to prevent and/or mitigate heart failure muscle wasting.

The impact of stress management training on stress-related coping strategies and self-efficacy in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial

IntroductionDialysis causes many psychological and social problems, such as stress and inefficiency in patients, which should be considered in health promotion interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of stress management training on stress coping strategies and the self-efficacy of these patients in southeastern Iran.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was a randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on hemodialysis patients from December 2019 to January 2020. Patients who met inclusion criteria were selected with the convenience sampling method and divided into the two groups of intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) by using the block randomization method. Participants in the intervention group were trained in a stress management training program in 8 one-and-a-half-hour sessions, held twice a week. Data were measured with stress coping strategies and general self-efficacy questionnaires before, immediately, and 1 month after the intervention. SPSS18 was used for data analysis.ResultsThe study results showed that the scores of stress coping strategies and the self-efficacy score in all their dimensions were significantly different between the intervention and control groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe present study results showed that stress management training programs promoted stress coping strategies and self-efficacy in hemodialysis patients. Health planners and nurses are recommended to use these easy, feasible, and inexpensive interventions to reduce stress and increase self-efficacy.Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20160914029817N10. Date of registration: October 7, 2021. URL: https://en.irct.ir/trial/58540. Registration timing: a retrospective.

Основні причини неефективності хіміотерапії у хворих на мультирезистентний туберкульоз легень

BACKGROUND. Research results in patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the dynamics of treatment. OBJECTIVE. To study the main causes of chemotherapy inefficiency in patients with MDR-TB. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Comprehensive examination of 176 patients with MDR-TB, which was divided into two groups: new cases of disease (95 patients) and repeated cases (81 patients). RESULTS. The study has shown that patients with the following prognostic criteria are at high risk for the development of MDR-TB: history of anti-tuberculosis treatment, common destructive processes in the lungs, massive bacterial excretion, non-adherence to treatment. CONCLUSIONS. The main reasons for the ineffectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with MDR-TB are the process prevalence (82.8 %), massive bacterial excretion (38.2 %), the presence of multiple decay cavities (84.3 %), rapid transfer to the outpatient stage of bacterial excretion (17.9 %), termination of inpatient treatment in the intense phase (35.8 %), non-adherence to treatment (35.8 %).

P2750Why should cardiopulmonary exercise testing be routinely used for assessing patients with valvular heart disease?

Abstract Introduction The role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is unquestionable to assess prognosis in heart failure. In patients with valvular heart disease (VHD), the functional capacity (FC) is crucial to aid in the right timing of surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the assessment of the FC by CPET and NYHA and the correlation between ventilatory efficiency parameters and resting systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP). Methods We studied 100 VHD patients (57% female) who underwent a CPET. We calculated the real METS (RM) as indexed peak VO2/3.5 (1 MET=3.5 ml O2/kg/min) and compared to estimated METS (EM) derived by the time of exercise. An agreement analysis between RM, EM and NYHA was calculated. The correlation among VE/Vslope CO2, EqCO2at anaerobic threshold (AT), PETCO2, partial pressure end-tidal CO2 at AT and SPAP was analyzed. Results The results are shown in Table and Figure. The RM and the EM were 4.7±1.7 and 5.5±3, respectively (p&lt;0.01) with a low agreement (ICC=0.6, p&lt;0.01). The agreement between NYHA and the classification obtained from peak % of predicted peak VO2 was very low (weighted kappa =0.06, p=0.28). In patients with severe mitral VHD, the ventilatory efficiency parameters were correlated with SPAP (PETCO2 (AT), r=−0.7, p=0.002; EqCO2 (AT), r=0.5, p=0.04:VE/Vslope CO2, r=0.3, p 0.2), whereas in those with severe aortic VHD, these correlations were much lower (PETCO2 (AT), r=−0.3, p=0.13; EqCO2 (AT), r=0.2, p=0.15; VE/Vslope CO2, r=0.18, p 0.31). Total (n=100) Mitral regurgitation (n=35) Aortic regurgitation (n=23) Age 65 (29–86) 66 (30–84) 65 (11–87) LVEF (%) 62±6 63±6 61±7 SPAP (mmHg) 40±11 39±11 36±8 NYHA I (60%), II (33%), III (7%) I (63%), II (29%), III (9%) I (63%), II (33%), III (4%) Indexed peak VO2 (ml/min/kg) 16±6 17±6 19±8 Peak % predicted VO2 73±18 74±17 79±18 Predicted VO2 AT (%) 58±19 54±19 61±22 Eq CO2 AT 33±6 32±7 32±5 VE/VSlope CO2 33±6 32±7 33±8 PetCO2 AT 34±4 36±4 36±5 Type and degree of VHD Conclusions NYHA scale and estimation of METS derived from the time of exercise clearly overestimated the FC of our population. In our series, the ventilatory inefficiency in patients with mitral VHD could be a surrogate marker of advanced disease and could lead to an earlier intervention.

A robust methodology for classification of epileptic seizures in EEG signals

Drug inefficiency in patients with refractory seizures renders epilepsy a life-threatening and challenging brain disorder and stresses the need for accurate seizure detection and prediction methods and more personalized closed-loop treatment systems. In this paper, a multicenter methodology for automated seizure detection based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is presented. A decomposition of 5 levels is applied in each EEG segment and five features are extracted from the wavelet coefficients. The extracted feature vector is used to train a Random Forest classifier and discriminate between ictal and interictal data. EEG recordings from the database of University of Bonn and the database of the University Hospital of Freiburg were employed, in an attempt to test the efficiency and robustness of the method. Classification results in both databases are significant, reaching accuracy above 95% and confirming the robustness of the methodology. Sensitivity and False Positive Rate for the Freiburg database reached 99.74% and 0.21/h respectively.

Physiological dead space and arterial carbon dioxide contributions to exercise ventilatory inefficiency in patients with reduced or preserved ejection fraction heart failure.

Patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction demonstrate an increased ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (V̇E /V̇CO2 ) slope. The physiological correlates of the V̇E /V̇CO2 slope remain unclear in the two HF phenotypes. We hypothesized that changes in the physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD /VT ) and arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2 ) differentially contribute to the V̇E /V̇CO2 slope in HFrEF vs. HFpEF. Adults with HFrEF (n = 32) and HFpEF (n = 27) [mean ± standard deviation (SD) left ventricular ejection fraction: 22 ± 7% and 61 ± 9%, respectively; mean ± SD body mass index: 28 ± 4 kg/m2 and 33 ± 6 kg/m2 , respectively; P < 0.01] performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing with breath-by-breath ventilation and gas exchange measurements. PaCO2 was measured via radial arterial catheterization. We calculated the V̇E /V̇CO2 slope via linear regression, and VD /VT = 1 - [(863 × V̇CO2 )/(V̇E × PaCO2 )]. Resting VD /VT (0.48 ± 0.08 vs. 0.41 ± 0.11; P = 0.04), but not PaCO2 (38 ± 5 mmHg vs. 40 ± 3 mmHg; P = 0.21) differed between HFrEF and HFpEF. Peak exercise VD /VT (0.39 ± 0.08 vs. 0.32 ± 0.12; P = 0.02) and PaCO2 (33 ± 6 mmHg vs. 38 ± 4 mmHg; P < 0.01) differed between HFrEF and HFpEF. The V̇E /V̇CO2 slope was higher in HFrEF compared with HFpEF (44 ± 11 vs. 35 ± 8; P < 0.01). Variance associated with the V̇E /V̇CO2 slope in HFrEF and HFpEF was explained by peak exercise VD /VT (R2 = 0.30 and R2 = 0.50, respectively) and PaCO2 (R2 = 0.64 and R2 = 0.28, respectively), but the relative contributions of each differed (all P < 0.01). Relationships between the V̇E /V̇CO2 slope and both VD /VT and PaCO2 are robust, but differ between HFpEF and HFrEF. Increasing V̇E /V̇CO2 slope appears to be strongly explained by mechanisms influential in regulating PaCO2 in HFrEF, which contrasts with the strong role of increased VD /VT in HFpEF.

Analysis on the K-WAIS-Ⅳ Profile of the Patients with Bipolar Disorder

The current study was conducted to compare the level of cognitive functioning in patients with bipolar disorder by utilizing the brand-new version of the Wechsler intelligence scale, K-WAIS-Ⅳ, and to understand their cognitive characteristics by comparing the bipolar patients group and the normal control group(NC). In addition, the purpose of this study was to understand the relation between cognitive functioning and clinical variables including the age of onset, the length of disorder, the number of mood episodes, the number of previous hospitalizations, and the severity of mood symptoms. K-WAIS-Ⅳ was performed for 58 bipolar patients and 300 people from NC for comparison of their Full Scale IQ(FSIQ), 4 index scaled scores, and 10 scaled scores of subtests. Bipolar patients showed significantly lower performance on FSIQ, working memory index(WMI), and processing speed index(PSI) when compared to NC, and, in particular, they showed the lowest performances on PSI. The performances in digit span, arithmetic, symbol search, and coding, the subtests of WMI and PSI were also significantly poor. These results imply cognitive inefficiency in patients with bipolar disorder. However, no significant correlations were observed among the clinical variables and the FSIQ, four indices.

Ventilatory inefficiency in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis

Ventilatory inefficiency in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis

Usefulness of Elevated Urine Neopterin Levels in Assessing Cardiac Dysfunction and Exercise Ventilation Inefficiency in Patients With Chronic Systolic Heart Failure

Neopterin is synthesized by macrophages upon stimulation with gamma-interferon, and high neopterin production is associated with cellular immune activation and increased production of reactive oxygen species (oxidant stress), but the clinical utility of urine neopterin levels in patients with heart failure (HF) has not been explored. Fifty-three ambulatory patients with chronic systolic HF (left ventricular [LV] ejection fraction ≤40%) underwent comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Urine neopterin levels were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric analyses and corrected to urine creatinine (Cr) levels. In our study cohort, median urine neopterin level was 60 μmol/mol Cr (interquartile range 40 to 86). There were modest correlations between urine neopterin levels and abnormalities in cardiac structure and function by echocardiography: LV ejection fraction (r = -0.33, p = 0.017), indexed LV end-diastolic volume (r = 0.31, p = 0.029), indexed LV end-systolic volume (r = 0.32, p = 0.024), and E/septal Ea (r = 0.28, p = 0.041). Although there was no significant correlation between urine neopterin and maximal oxygen uptake (peak VO2: r = -0.25, p = 0.07), there was a modest correlation between urine neopterin and maximal ventilation/carbon dioxide production ratio (VE/VCO2 max: r = 0.38, p = 0.005). In conclusion, increase in urine neopterin levels tracks with disease severity in patients with chronic systolic HF.

Red Cell Distribution Width as an Independent Predictor of Exercise Intolerance and Ventilatory Inefficiency in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

PurposePeak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) and ventilatory inefficiency (VE/VCO2 slope) have proven to be strong prognostic markers in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Recently increased red cell distribution width (RDW) has emerged as an additional predictor of poor outcome in CHF. We sought to evaluate the relationship between RDW and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) parameters in CHF patients and healthy controls.Materials and Methods85 ambulatory CHF patients (68 men, 54±10 years) and 107 healthy controls, who underwent a symptom-limited CPET on a treadmill according to the modified Bruce ramp protocol, were enrolled. CHF patients and healthy controls were divided into RDW tertile groups and laboratory, echocardiographic, and CPET results were analyzed.ResultsFor patients with CHF, compared with patients in the lowest RDW tertile, those in the highest tertile had lower peak VO2 (22 mL/kg/min vs. 28 mL/kg/min, p<0.001) and higher VE/VCO2 slope (31 vs. 25, p=0.004). Multivariate regression analysis revealed RDW to be an independent predictor for peak VO2 (β=-0.247, p=0.035) and VE/VCO2 slope (β=0.366, p=0.004). The optimal cutoff value of RDW for predicting peak VO2 ≤20 mL/kg/min and VE/VCO2 slope ≥34 was 13.6% (sensitivity 53%, specificity 89%) and 13.4% (sensitivity 75%, specificity 82%), respectively. In contrast, for healthy controls, RDW was not related to both peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope.ConclusionHigher RDW is independently related to peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope only in patients with CHF. RDW assessment, an inexpensive and simple method, might help predict functional capacity and ventilatory efficiency in these patients.

Adaptive servo-ventilation improves exercise oscillatory ventilation and ventilatory inefficiency in patients with heart failure and central sleep apnea

BackgroundAdaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) can improve ventilatory inefficiency and exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV) in patients with heart failure (HF) and central sleep apnea (CSA). Although these improvements might originate from both increase in cardiac function and decrease in sympathetic nerve activity, mechanisms underlying the interrelationship remain unknown. MethodsWe compared cardiopulmonary exercise test, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and echocardiography findings at baseline and 3.5±0.8months (mean±SD) of follow-up in 28 patients with both HF (New York Heart Association functional class II and III; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)<45%) and CSA (apnea–hypopnea index (AHI)≥15/h). Of these, 17 patients consented (ASV group) and 11 patients declined (non-ASV group) to undergo ASV treatment. Compliance with ASV and changes in AHI were determined from data collected by integral counters. ResultsVE/VCO2-slope and EOV amplitude at baseline were positively correlated with MSNA, but not with LVEF. ASV therapy reduced VE/VCO2-slope and EOV amplitude (both p<0.01) in association with decrease in MSNA (p<0.01) and increase in LVEF (p<0.001). In non-ASV group, however, these parameters remained unchanged. Change in VE/VCO2-slope was correlated with both change in AHI and average use of ASV. By contrast, change in EOV amplitude was correlated with change in AHI. Changes in VE/VCO2-slope and EOV amplitude were correlated with changes of MSNA (p<0.05), but not with those in LVEF. ConclusionsASV improves ventilatory inefficiency and EOV probably via suppression of CSA and its sympathoinhibitory effect.

No signs of ventilatory inefficiency in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and very low oxygen consumption: how is this possible?

We have read with interest the article by Palau et al., ‘‘Effects of inspiratory muscle training in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,’’ recently published in this journal. According to their results, in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) associated with very low exercise capacity and normal maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), inspiratory muscle training (IMT) improved aerobic capacity, ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2 slope) and quality of life. It is well established that IMT improves exercise capacity as well as other markers of disease severity in patients with systolic dysfunction and inspiratory muscle weakness (IMW). Is our belief that patients with IMW are the group that would benefit most when exposed to IMT. Based on this assumption, even in the HFpEF scenario, we wonder why the authors chose a subgroup of individuals with preserved inspiratory muscle strength instead of those with IMW. More importantly, the values found in the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) preand post-IMT are quite unusual in the HFpEF setting, since VE/ VCO2 slope is usually abnormal in these individuals, being even more a marker of worse prognosis than a low VO2 peak. 4 As exercise cardiologists who often perform CPET in this subset of patients, we wonder why the authors did not discuss this unexpected finding. It must be pointed out that there is a basic error on Table 2. We notice a discrepancy between the values in metabolic equivalents (METs) and the relative VO2 peak (expressed in ml kg min ). Assuming the first is equal to the second divided by 3.5, all METs values should be corrected. Anyhow, the authors deserve our respect since they were testing feasible interventions in subjects presenting a condition where most of the therapies fail to improve prognosis and exercise capacity.

Face stimuli effectively prevent brain–computer interface inefficiency in patients with neurodegenerative disease

ObjectivesRecently, we proposed a new stimulation paradigm for brain computer interfaces (BCI) based on event-related potentials (ERP), i.e. flashing characters with superimposed pictures of well-known faces. This new face flashing (FF) paradigm significantly outperformed the commonly used character flashing (CF) approach, i.e. simply highlighting characters. MethodsIn the current study we assessed the impact of face stimuli on BCI inefficiency in patients with neurodegenerative disease, i.e. on their inability to communicate by means of a BCI. Healthy participants (N=16) and those with neurodegenerative disease (N=9) performed spelling tasks using CF and FF paradigms. ResultsOnline performance with FF was significantly increased as compared to CF in both, healthy and impaired users. Importantly, two patients who were classified “highly inefficient” with the classic CF stimulation were able to spell with high accuracy using FF. Our results particularly emphasize great benefit of the FF paradigm for those users displaying low signal-to-noise ratio of the recorded ERPs in the classic stimulation approach. ConclusionIn conclusion, we confirm previously reported results now systematically validated in an online setting and display specifically beneficial effects of FF for motor-impaired users. SignificanceThe FF paradigm thus constitutes a big step forward against the BCI inefficiency phenomenon.

Red Cell Distribution Width as a Marker of Ventilatory Inefficiency in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Red Cell Distribution Width as a Marker of Ventilatory Inefficiency in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Ventilatory inefficiency in major depressive disorder: A potential adjunct for cardiac risk stratification in depressive disorders?

Background Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides insights into ventilatory, cardiac and metabolic dysfunction in heart and lung diseases and might play a role in cardiac risk stratification in major depressive disorder (MDD). Objective The VE/VCO 2-slope indicates ventilatory efficiency and has been applied to stratify the cardiac risk in heart failure (HF). Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate and classify ventilatory efficiency and its relationship to physical fitness and disease severity in MDD. Methods Exhaustive incremental exercise testing was completed by 15 female MDD patients and pair matched controls. The ventilatory threshold (VT) and the VE/VCO 2-slope were assessed. Statistical analyses were conducted by means of MANOVAs and follow-up univariate ANOVAs. Results In patients with MDD, significant different relative work rates and oxygen uptakes at the VT in comparison to healthy controls were observed. Furthermore, we found an increased VE/VCO 2-slope in depressed patients. We additionally report an inverse relationship between the VE/VCO 2-slope and peak power output as well as peak oxygen uptake solely in patients. We did not observe any association of assessed parameters with disease severity. Conclusion CPET measures indicate ventilatory inefficiency in patients with MDD. The elevated VE/VCO 2-slope indicates that patients with MDD need to ventilate significantly more to a given amount of developing CO 2. Further investigations are needed to verify the application of the ventilatory classification system to stratify cardiovascular risk in depressive disorder.

Correction

HomeCirculation: Cardiovascular ImagingVol. 3, No. 1Correction Free AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBCorrection Originally published1 Jan 2010https://doi.org/10.1161/HCI.0b013e3181cc5045Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging. 2010;3:e1In the article by Whitehead et al., “Noninvasive Quantification of Systemic-to-Pulmonary Collateral Flow: A Major Source of Inefficiency in Patients With Superior Cavopulmonary Connections,” which appeared in the September 2009 issue of the Journal (Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging 2009;2:405-411), the following correction must be made.During the copyediting of this article, the term SCPC (superior cavopulmonary connection) was incorrectly changed to SPCF (systemic-to-pulmonary collateral flow) throughout the article.Equation 1 was also incorrect and should read: equationDownload figureThis error has been corrected in the current online version of the article (http://circimaging.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/2/5/405). The publisher regrets the error. Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails January 2010Vol 3, Issue 1 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics https://doi.org/10.1161/HCI.0b013e3181cc5045 Originally publishedJanuary 1, 2010 PDF download Advertisement