Ineffective Campaigns Research Articles

Equality Street: Ideology and attitudes towards the purely relative definition of poverty

AbstractThe (purely) relative definition of poverty remains influential as an evaluative yardstick for various government policies. Left‐wing social policy scholars and anti‐poverty campaigners' strong commitment to it contrasts sharply with public attitudes. Regression models using British Social Attitudes data found that ideological orientation was the most consistently powerful predictor of how people define poverty. Evidence suggests anti‐poverty organisations' campaign failures might be due to ideological opposition or to the conceptual weakness of purely relative poverty rather than (as campaigners have claimed) ineffective campaign tactics or the influence of the mass media. Conservative politicians have little to fear in opposing the Marxist concept.

Breaking barriers and building bridges: Increasing community engagement in program evaluation

BackgroundBetween September 2015 and 2018, The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) focused its Project PrIDE efforts on increasing PrEP awareness through a media campaign, and community engagement in. Wayne County, MI. A strained relationship between MDHHS and community has created barriers to sustained and effective community engagement. The local evaluation (LE) was developed to determine the barriers and facilitators to engagement in program activities. MethodsTo understand the process and the factors that impacted the project’s goal, a mixed methods participatory evaluation approach was utilized. Data collection included quantitative data from meeting surveys, qualitative data from focus groups, and a photovoice project. Analysis and synthesis included descriptive statistics and deductive thematic coding. ResultsCAB engagement increased collaboration, enhanced feasibility and utility, appropriateness, sustainability of activities, and increased transparency between MDHHS and CAB. Thematic coding identified Barriers and facilitators to engagement with PrEP activites included restrictive funding, comprehensive services delivery and CAB feedback underutilized and resulting in ineffective campaign messages. ConclusionsAlthough a strained relationship was evident in the beginning, encouraging interagency collaboration in the development, implementation, and utilization of program and evaluation activities, resulted in the improvement of relationships between the community and MDHHS.

<br /><br /> FATORES QUE INFLUENCIAM A DÁDIVA DE SANGUE REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA

Context: Recent studies have shown that in Portugal the number of units of data released and the number of units of blood have been reduced considerably. Objective: To synthesize primary scientific evidence on the main factors influencing blood donation through a systematic review of the literature. Methods : Systematic review of the literature according to the Joanna Briggs Institute model. SciELO®, B-On® and Pubmed® databases were used with the key -words of blood, blood donation, factors, blood donation and factors. Articles in Portuguese and English were included between 2013 and 2017, With text and bibliographical references fully available, in scientific journals with peer-review and relevant to a thematic in research. Of a total of 72.790 articles found, 6 were included. Results : The results indicate that the factors that influence blood donation are related to fear; insufficient and ineffective campaigns; concealment of information at the time of screening; non-remuneration; bureaucracy; my answer is an acquaintance; reinforcement of social gain; gaining a justified absence from service; altruism; cognitive lev el; social structure; age; sex ; marital status; history of blood debits and risk behaviors. Conclusions: It has been shown that there are factors that influence positively and negatively the donation of blood, however, it is necessary to conduct new studies that analyze the factors that influence blood donation in Portugal in order to define the strategies that increase blood donation in our country. Key-words: Blood donation; factors; systematic literature review; nursing investigation

Demise and Resurrection of a Dominant Party: Understanding the PRI's Comeback in Mexico

Dominance by a single party can deteriorate the quality of political representation. Yet, surprisingly, voters sometimes support a formerly dominant party they had previously thrown out of power. As an important case, this essay studies the victory in the 2012 elections in Mexico of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Why did voters give it a new opportunity to rule the country? Accusations of fraud have been insufficient to explain the party's victory, so this research looks for electoral explanations. The paper points to fatigue with the incumbent party; unsatisfying economic and security conditions; ineffective campaigns by both the National Action Party (PAN) and the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD); the PRI's popularity based on its governing experience; and a convincing PRI candidate who secured the conservative, rural, and poor voters. This conveys the mandate for Peña Nieto to produce tangible results without abandoning democracy. More broadly, these observations shed light on the perplexing phenomenon of formerly dominant parties making an electoral comeback.

Mission and Interests: The Strategic Formation and Function of North-South NGO Campaigns

International advocacy campaigns allow the concerns of disadvantaged groups in developing countries to reach policymakers. However, recent research has challenged the motivations of the Northern nongovernmental organizations involved and raised concerns about the impacts of North-South NGO partnerships on Southern NGO control. This article addresses these concerns by developing a typology of NGOs based on their financial incentives and the rigidity with which they adhere to their established organizational mission. It then models interactions between NGOs of different types as a strategic game. In the game, NGOs decide whether to enter international campaigns and, if so, manage campaign function to maximize payoff. “Participation-oriented” Northern NGOs, whose supporters reward them for undertaking advocacy, were found to run lengthy but ineffective campaigns and focus on publicity. “Outcome-oriented” groups, whose supporters reward them for measurable achievement, were found to generate higher campaign i...

Improving the effectiveness of road safety campaigns: Current and new practices

The evaluation of campaigns aimed at improving road safety is still the exception rather than the rule. Because of this, ineffective campaigns and campaign techniques are allowed to continue to be utilised without question, while new methods of behaviour modification are often ignored. Therefore, the necessity and advantages of formally evaluating road safety campaign efforts are discussed. This article also describes the pros and cons of some of the more common campaign strategies and introduces a number of new methods that show a great deal of promise for the purpose of road safety campaigns. In order to infuse the field of road safety campaigning with such new insights into road user behaviour and behavioural modification, one should look beyond the confines of road safety campaign standards and learn from the knowledge gained in other disciplines such as economics and social psychology. These new insights are discussed in terms of their implications for the future of road safety campaigns.

Smoking cessation: why do smokers fail?

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to probe three explanations for the difficulty that cigarette smokers have in quitting: the addictive nature of the product; the failure to deliver messages with effective quit strategies; and the resistance to enacting smoking bans in bars and restaurants. It aims to argue that the latter two issues result in misplaced marketing.Design/methodology/approachThis article examines data from published research, interviews with smokers who have successfully quit, and government statistics to have a clearer picture of the issues.FindingsSmokers are exposed to anti‐smoking messages created to discourage youth from starting to smoke, but smokers seldom encounter smoking cessation messages that offer realistic quit strategies. Instead, too many messages offer overly simplistic solutions. Furthermore, smokers in many states continue to find smoking permitted in bars – a place that typically triggers the desire to smoke due to associations between drinking and smoking. Arguments favoring smoking bans have concentrated on the health benefits to those who want to avoid second‐hand smoke but have neglected to address the added benefits to smokers.Practical implicationsCreators of messages can focus more specifically on successful quit strategies, and legislators can add a compelling argument for banning smoking in bars and restaurants.Originality/valueThe article calls for an end to misplaced thinking that leads to ineffective campaign message strategy and resistance to smoking bans for bars and restaurants.

Pornography

Not so long ago, pornography was for most of us cultural workers, a rather esoteric issue. True, such feminist crusaders as Andrea Dworkin and Catherine McKinnon were leading largely ineffective campaigns against the sale of pornographic materials in such midwestern cities as Indianapolis and Minneapolis. But for the most part intellectuals were content with the comfortable liberal line: it may not be my cup of tea, but as long as no one gets hurt. … In fact, it was quite possible to get along, navigating the shoals of deconstruction, postmodernism, and simulation, without having an opinion on pornography at all.

A study of effective and ineffective presidential campaign speaking

This article seeks to isolate factors associated with effective and ineffective campaign speeches made by Adlai E. Stevenson in 1956. To distinguish effective from ineffective speeches, the author solicited the judgments of 105 campaign associates, Democratic and Republican politicians, journalists, and students of public address. Eighty‐seven replies were received and sixty‐four were sufficiently complete for analysis. There was high agreement that six speeches were effective and six ineffective. Factors associated with effectiveness (their opposites with ineffectiveness) included the following: single issue discussed; relatively uncontroversial subject; constructive material emphasized and refutation de‐emphasized; responsive and sympathetic audience; speaker spent great deal of time editing and revising but little on basic draft; revisions were to clarify and identify with audience rather than to qualify remarks; emphasis on solutions rather than problems; introductions contained humor, irony, and sati...