Ineffective Breathing Pattern Research Articles

Nursing Care for Mrs. D with a Medical Diagnosis of Babies with Low Birth Weight

Babies with low birth weight is a condition where a baby is born with a weight of less than 2,500 grams. Such babies face a higher risk of mortality compared to those born with normal weight due to the immaturity of their organ systems, including the lungs, kidneys, heart, immune system, and digestive system. Babies with low birth weight often struggle to adapt to their environment, leading to instability in physiological functions such as temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation. This can result in hypothermia, increased heart rate, decreased respiratory frequency, recurrent apnea, and reduced SpO2 levels. This study aims to describe the nursing care provided to By.Ny.D, a patient with a medical diagnosis of babies with low birth weight in the Perinatology Room at Waled Hospital, Cirebon Regency. A qualitative research design with a case study approach was employed. The subject of the case study was By.Ny.D, observed over three days from January 22nd—24th, 2024. The primary nursing issues identified were ineffective breathing patterns and nutritional deficits. After three days of nursing care, the study concluded that the problems of ineffective breathing patterns and nutritional deficits remained unresolved, necessitating the continuation of the planned interventions.

Nursing Implementation of Ineffective Breathing Patterns in Toddlers with Acute Respiratory Infection: A Case Study

Acute Respiratory Infection is an upper and lower respiratory tract infection that attacks the throat, nose and lungs at mild to severe levels lasting approximately 14 days. This study uses a case study method in the form of a description of the nursing care process in patients in accordance with the theory and contains a discussion of nursing actions that occur in the field. This study was conducted for 3 days with a total of 3 visits to patients starting from 15-17 May 2023, data obtained from interviews, observations, physical examinations. This study uses the concept of nursing care starting from assessment, appointment of nursing diagnoses, provision of nursing interventions, nursing implementation and nursing evaluation carried out for 3 days. the instrument used is the surgical medical nursing care assessment format. The results obtained by Baby D that he was less congested after being given nebulizer therapy, pulse: 160x/min, Temperature: 36.70C, respiration rate: 55x/min, Spo2: 99%, baby D still looks a little tight, using a breathing apparatus (nasal cannula), the client's general condition has improved slightly. It is expected that clients and families maintain and improve health by implementing a healthy lifestyle and utilizing existing health facilities for health control to accelerate recovery, so that the problem of Ineffective Breathing Patterns in clients with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection can be resolved.

Compromised end-of-life syndrome in cancer patients: A clinical validation study.

To identify the prevalence of the nursing diagnosis of compromised end-of-life syndrome in patients in end-of-life care. This is a clinical validation based on a cross-sectional epidemiological clinical study conducted at the National Cancer Institute in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The defining characteristics of a syndrome diagnosis were identified, defined as a "subset of nursing diagnoses," using sensitivity and specificity measures through the application of latent class statistical methods. The statistical results revealed seven nursing diagnoses characterizing the syndrome: imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements, nausea, anxiety, ineffective breathing pattern, disturbed sleep pattern, ineffective thermoregulation, and fatigue. Compromised end-of-life syndrome was present in 76% of the sample. The study demonstrated the presence of compromised end-of-life syndrome in most end-of-life patients from the sample. Recognizing the presence of the syndrome diagnosis enables nurses to have efficient and effective clinical reasoning for implementing the nursing process in palliative care. CAAE Number: 85415618.0.3001.5274.

Prevalence and clustering of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses in the pre-hospital emergency care setting: A retrospective records review study.

To determine the prevalence and clustering of NANDA-International nursing diagnoses in patients assisted by pre-hospital emergency teams. Retrospective descriptive study of electronic record review. Episodes recorded during 2019, including at least a nursing diagnosis, were recovered from the electronic health records of a Spanish public emergency agency (N = 28,847). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample and determine prevalence. A two-step cluster analysis was used to group nursing diagnoses. A comparison between clusters in sociodemographic and medical problems was performed. Data were accessed in November 2020. Risk for falls (00155) (27.3%), Anxiety (00146) (23.2%), Acute pain (00132), Fear (00148) and Ineffective breathing pattern (00032) represented 96.1% of all recorded diagnoses. A six-cluster solution (n = 26.788) was found. Five clusters had a single high-prevalence diagnosis predominance: Risk for falls (00155) in cluster 1, Anxiety (00146) in cluster 2, Fear (00148) in cluster 3, Acute pain (00132) in cluster 4 and Ineffective breathing pattern (00032) in cluster 6. Cluster 5 had several high prevalence diagnoses which co-occurred: Risk for unstable blood glucose level (00179), Ineffective coping (00069), Ineffective health management (00078), Impaired comfort (00214) and Impaired verbal communication (00051). Five nursing diagnoses accounted for almost the entire prevalence. The identified clusters showed that pre-hospital patients present six patterns of nursing diagnoses. Five clusters were predominated by a predominant nursing diagnosis related to patient safety, coping, comfort, and activity/rest, respectively. The sixth cluster grouped several nursing diagnoses applicable to exacerbations of chronic diseases. Knowing the prevalence and clustering of nursing diagnoses allows a better understanding of the human responses of patients attended by pre-hospital emergency teams and increases the evidence of individualized/standardized care plans in the pre-hospital clinical setting. What problem did the study address? There are different models of pre-hospital emergency care services. The use of standardized nursing languages in the pre-hospital setting is not homogeneous. Studies on NANDA-I nursing diagnoses in the pre-hospital context are scarce, and those available are conducted on small samples. What were the main findings? This paper reports the study with the largest sample among the few published on NANDA-I nursing diagnoses in the pre-hospital care setting. Five nursing diagnoses represented 96.1% of all recorded. These diagnoses were related to patients' safety/protection and coping/stress tolerance. Patients attended by pre-hospital care teams are grouped into six clusters based on the nursing diagnoses, and this classification is independent of the medical conditions the patient suffers. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? Knowing the prevalence of nursing diagnoses allows a better understanding of the human responses of patients treated in the pre-hospital setting, increasing the evidence of individualized and standardized care plans for pre-hospital care. STROBE checklist has been used as a reporting method. Only patients' records were reviewed without further involvement.

The Effect of Giving Semi Fowler Position in Reducing Ineffective Breathing in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients at RSUD Ibnu Sina Gresik Hospital (Case Study Research)

Chronic kidney disease is a condition where the kidneys fail to perform their function to excrete substances that are not needed by the body, resulting in accumulation in the body which can trigger uremia. This scientific work aims to apply nursing care to CKD patients with ineffective breathing patterns at Ibnu Sina Gresik Hospital. The method applied in the preparation of this scientific work is the case study method. The subjects in this scientific work are participants with CKD cases and have problems with ineffective breathing patterns who are undergoing treatment at Ibnu Sina Gresik Hospital. Data collection using interview techniques, observation, physical examination, and documentation and was carried out in the period January to March 2023. The nursing care process for participants was carried out for 5 days, and the assessment results were obtained, namely shortness of breath. The implementation process is carried out in accordance with nursing care planning, one of which is by giving the semi-fowler position. A thorough evaluation was carried out during the provision of nursing care, and it was found that the participants with the problem of ineffective breathing patterns were resolved. Participants do not complain of shortness of breath, breathing frequency improves or is in the normal range, dyspnoea decreases, and there is no use of breathing muscles. The problem of ineffective breathing patterns is resolved by the application of nursing care that is carried out comprehensively. Giving the semi fowler position has an impact on reducing ineffective breathing patterns, because in a tilt angle of 45 degrees and applied during treatment is able to press the diaphragm down so that the lungs can expand and get maximum oxygen supply.
 
 
 
 
 
 Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Ineffective Breathing Pattern, Semi-Fowler's Position.
 
 
 

PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN OKSIGENASI PADA ASMA BRONKIAL DENGAN POLA NAFAS TIDAK EFEKTIF DI RUMAH SAKIT PUTRI HIJAU TK II MEDAN

Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic condition of the respiratory tract that often causes bronchial narrowing, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and chronic inflammation. In many cases, patients with bronchial asthma have ineffective breathing patterns that affects negatively on oxygenation. Fulfilling oxygenation in patients with bronchial asthma is done to maintain the metabolism of body cells and the activity of various organs or cells. Objective: This case study research aims to describe the application of nursing care management in patients with bronchial asthma associated with oxygenation fulfillment. Method: This descriptive research is conducted using nursing process approach. The research subjects consist of 2 patients with the same case, namely bronchial asthma patients experiencing ineffective breathing patterns. Results: Based on the nursing evaluation of client I and client 2, it indicates that this condition has been resolved from the first to the third day which is shown by significant progress and the client's health improvement. Conclusion: By fulfilling oxygen, doing high- fowler position, using nebulizer and practicing effective coughing, the problem of oxygenation fulfillment with ineffective breathing patterns can be resolved for patients with bronchial asthma.

Nursing diagnoses as factors associated with delirium among intensive care unit patients with sepsis: A retrospective correlational study.

To examine whether nursing diagnoses were associated with delirium in patients with sepsis. Nursing diagnosis is a nurse's clinical judgement about clients' current or potential health conditions. Delirium is regarded as an important nurse-sensitive outcome. Nonetheless, nursing diagnoses associated with delirium have not yet been identified. Retrospective correlational study. This study was carried out from December 2021 to January 2023. We analysed electronic health records of patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Delirium was defined based on the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist score. Nursing diagnoses established within 24 h of admission to the ICU were included and were based on the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association diagnostic classification. The data were analysed using logistic regression. Demographics, comorbidities, procedures and physiological measures were adjusted. Regression model was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic curve, Nagelkerke R2, accuracy and F1 score. The prevalence of delirium in patients with sepsis was 51.8%. Ineffective breathing patterns, decreased cardiac output and impaired skin integrity were significant nursing diagnoses related to delirium. Age ≥ 65 years, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy, physical restraint and comatose state were also associated with delirium in patients with sepsis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.806. Ineffective breathing patterns, decreased cardiac output and impaired skin integrity could manifest as prodromal symptoms of delirium among patients with sepsis. The prodromal symptoms of delirium revealed through nursing diagnoses can be efficiently used to identify high-risk groups for delirium. The use of nursing diagnosis system should be recommended in clinical practice caring for sepsis patients. STROBE checklist. No patient or public involvement.

Implementation of Deep Breath Relaxation Techniques As An Effort to Overcome Shortness Of Breath in Congestive Heart Failure Patients

Introduction: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a cardiovascular disease that is defined as a deadly disease in the world. CHF is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood to meet the needs of oxygen and nutrients in the body's tissues. Objective: To present care with deep breathing relaxation interventions as an effort to overcome shortness of breath in congestive heart failure patients with ineffective breathing patterns. Method: The research design used is descriptive analysis with a case study approach. Subjects in this case study were adult patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and ineffective breathing patterns. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation studies. Result: The case study at the assessment stage found that the client complained of shortness of breath. The intervention and implementation used to reduce shortness of breath is by providing breathing relaxation exercises for 10 minutes when complaints of shortness of breath are felt. After the intervention, the client's breathing frequency decreased from 28 x/minute to 22 x/minute, while the subjective data from the anamnesis showed that the client's shortness of breath was reduced. Conclusion: Nursing care for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and shortness of breath is well managed. Providing deep breathing relaxation interventions is effective in reducing respiratory frequency.

Pemberian Inhalasi Minyak Kayu Putih Untuk Memperbaiki Pola Napas Tidak Efektif Pada Anak Dengan Bronkitis

<p><em>There are 1.6 million persons who have bronchitis in Indonesia. Coughing, wheezing, sputum buildup, and shortness of breath are common symptoms. We must be mindful of the efficiency of breathing patterns when considering these symptoms. The goal of this study was to identify inefficient breathing techniques used by nurses to provide bronchitis-stricken An. A with nursing care. An. A is the focus of this case study in a scientific journal, and the study's findings include cough and runny nose, RR 32 beats per minute, additional rhonchi noises, SPO2 92%, body temperature 36.8 oC, and pulse 100 beats per minute. Airway control using eucalyptus oil inhalation was the intervention that was used. The major treatment for An's respiratory pattern issues was a straightforward inhalation of eucalyptus oil, and the findings of the case study were achieved following nursing care for airway management for three consecutive days. Increased inspiratory pressure, moderately decreased dyspnea, moderately decreased use of accessory muscles, decreased orthopnea, moderately decreased nasal breathing, improved respiratory rate, and improved respiratory depth are all signs that A can be substantially resolved. This demonstrates how eucalyptus oil can help bronchitis patients breathe more easily.</em></p><p><strong><strong><em>Keyword: </em></strong><em>children, bronchitis, ineffective breathing pattern, simple inhalation</em><br /></strong></p>

Combination Therapy Slow Deep Breathing and Acupressure to Overcome Ineffective Breathing Pattern Nursing Problems: A Case Study

Therapy slow deep breathing exercise and acupressure is a complementary therapy that aims to reduce the symptoms of the disease to improve the quality of individual health. Complementary therapy is rarely done in hospitals so that the symptoms felt by patients are not reduced without medication. This therapy can reduce the symptoms of shortness of breath in patients who specifically experience impaired breathing patterns that are not effective. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of combination therapy slow deep breathing exercises and acupressure to address ineffective breathing pattern nursing problems in nursing care. This type of research is a case study using the nursing care method. The research sample was patients treated in the Gardena room at dr. Soebandi General Hospital Jember. Patients were given nursing interventions in the form of a combination of slow deep breathing exercise therapy and acupressure for 1-2 times a day for 3 days. Providing nursing interventions in the form of a combination of slow deep breathing exercise therapy and acupressure can overcome ineffective breathing pattern nursing problems. This is indicated by the improvement in the patient's condition that the shortness of breath is reduced, the frequency is improving, not using the auxiliary muscles of breathing, and the depth of breathing is improving. Patients can also carry out the therapy independently properly and correctly. A combination of slow deep breathing exercise therapy and acupressure can overcome the problem of ineffective breathing pattern nursing.

Analysis of the application of buteyko breathing exercise to improvement of respiratory rate (RR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) in asthma patients in the emergency room RSUP Dr. Kariadi

Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract characterized by coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing and a feeling of heaviness in the chest which is generally reversible both with and without treatment. Giving buteyko breathing exercise action is more effective than before being given the action. Objectives: To analyze the application of buteyko breathing exercise to the improvement of respiratory rate (RR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2). Methods: Descriptive analysis in the form of case studies with total sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria of 3 patients under management. The application of buteyko breathing exercise was carried out, observing vital signs before and after buteyko breathing exercise. Results: Nursing problems are ineffective breathing patterns with Respiratory Rate (RR) > 26 x/minute and 2 patients were found to have mild hypoxia with SpO2 <95%. After the application of buteyko breathing exercise, the three patients experienced an improvement in their condition with RR 18-20 x/minute and SpO2 > 98%. The author gives the application of buteyko breathing exercise to asthma patients with an improvement in the condition of RR and SpO2. Supported by Lisavina's research (2019) with the difference between controlling asthma before and after implementing Buteyko breathing. Conclusions: The application of buteyko breathing exercise in assessing improvement in respiratory rate (RR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) did not have a negative impact on patient conditions, hospital costs, time and effort, or infrastructure.

Pengaruh Teknik Pernapasan Buteyko Terhadap Pola Napas Tidak Efektif Pada Klien Asma Bronkial

Bronchial asthma is a medical condition that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow. Due to swelling, the airways will produce excessive mucus, making it difficult to breathe and will cause coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing. As for non-pharmacological therapies that can be used to reduce asthma recurrence and minimize the use of drugs, one of them is the Buteyko breathing technique. The Buteyko breathing technique can reduce the frequency of bronchial asthma attacks, prevent the severity of asthma and improve the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). Quasi experiment quantitative research design. The research sample was 34 respondents, the sampling technique was purposive sampling which was divided into 2 groups, namely 17 experimental respondents and 15 control group respondents. The measuring instrument used is an observation sheet for ineffective breathing patterns pre-test and post-test for 4 times in 2 weeks. The statistical test used is the Wilcoxon test and the Mann Whitney test. Buteyko's breathing technique has an effect on breathing patterns in bronchial asthma patients with value of dyspnea of ​​0.033< ɑ (0.05) and p value of breath frequency 0.001< ɑ (0.05). The Buteyko breathing technique can improve breathing patterns in people with bronchial asthma. These results are expected to be an alternative treatment to improve ineffective breathing patterns in bronchial asthma patients.

Examination of nursing diagnosis skills of students receiving online education: A cross-sectional study.

This study aims to examine the nursing diagnosis skills of students who took the case-based online nursing processes course during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study followed a descriptive and cross-sectional design. The participants were first-year students (n=148) enrolled in the nursing principles course in the spring semester of the 2020-2021 academic year in the nursing department of a university. The course on nursing processes was delivered online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At the end of the course, students who volunteered to participate in the study developed nursing diagnoses for the cases assigned to them. The data were collected from the students using two forms and were evaluated using a form developed by the researchers. The data were analyzed with numeric and percentage calculations. Although 56.8% of the students stated that they had difficulty making nursing diagnoses, 56.8% of them thought online education was not useful. The most commonly made diagnoses by the students who participated in the study included hyperthermia (66.2%), ineffective breathing pattern (54.7%), risk of falling (39.9%), fatigue (34.5%), and anxiety (33.8%). It was also found that students were able to identify objective data more easily as diagnosis criteria, whereas they were not able to identify abstract concepts. It was seen that the students who participated in the study had low levels of nursing diagnoses. Based on the findings, it is recommended that different teaching methods be employed in the online nursing processes course, and these methods be evaluated in terms of their effects on students' learning outcomes. The online nursing process course should be made more efficient. First-year nursing students are not yet ready to identify nursing diagnoses in terms of knowledge and skills.

Nursing Care of Infant with Epilepsy: A Case Study

Background: Epilepsy is a number of symptoms of impaired brain function which are characterized by recurrent seizures due to excessive discharge of the brain's electrical charge and it is reversible. The impact caused by epilepsy is growth and development disorders, including impaired intelligence function, language comprehension and cognitive function disorder. Morover, there are very complex disorders on the brain which can cause behavioral and learning disorders, physical and mental disabilities, and death. This study aimed to find out the infant nursing care on A patient with epilepsy. 
 Methods: This research uses a case study design. Data collection from assessment to evaluation in the in Arafah Room 1 of the Hospital in Banda Aceh on December 2022. Epileptic patients was observed or treated for 4 days. Data collection techniques ware carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using narrative analysis.
 Results: Baby A with chief complaint of recurrent seizures. nursing diagnoses in the case of Baby A were ineffective breathing pattern, risk of ineffective tissue perfusion, risk of injury, lack of knowledge, and anxiety. The interventions provided are based on the Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards which consist of observational, therapeutic and collaborative interventions.
 Conclusion: Nursing problems in Infant A after 4 days of treatment are show problem of ineffective breathing pattern and the the lack of knowledge about epilepsy was solved, the risk of ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion, the risk of injury, and anxiety were partially solved.

Nursing Care in Complex Congenital Heart Disease and Respiratory Distress Syndrome for Baby in NICU

Background: Neonates are at high risk for health problems. Without proper treatment, those problems might lead to either disability or death. Congenital heart disease causes respiratory distress syndrome (breathing distress syndrome), with symptoms of dyspnea, cyanosis, and respiratory arrest due to pathological changes in the heart that disrupt the blood flow cycle throughout the body. This study aimed to discover nursing care for Baby MH with complex congenital heart disease and respiratory distress syndrome. Methods: This research used a case study design—data collection from assessment to evaluation in the NICU in December 2022. The patient was observed for 4 days. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using narrative analysis. Results: Baby MH looks dyspnea with minimal epigastria retraction and hypersecretion in the mouth with CPAP installed. The nursing diagnoses in the case of Baby MH are ineffective breathing patterns, decreased cardiac output, activity intolerance, risk of shock, risk of hypothermia, risk of developmental disorder, and risk of attachment disorders. The interventions provided are based on the Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards, consisting of observational, therapeutic, and collaborative interventions. Conclusion: Nursing problems in baby MH after the treatment showed that the problem of ineffective breathing patterns had not been resolved, but the decreased cardiac output was partially handled while the activity intolerance had not been resolved. However, no shock occurred, and the risk of hypothermia was partially resolved.

Nursing Implementation Case Study: Health Education on Self-care Management of Asthma Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Asthma is an incurable disease and is considered a risk factor for the morbidity of COVID-19. Self-care management is highly recommended as routine maintenance therapy, especially during the pandemic. This study aims to describe the nursing implementation related to health education about self-care management of asthma patients during the pandemic in Indonesia. This study used an exploratory case study method using the nursing process approach. The data were obtained using purposive sampling. The data were collected in various ways, such as interviews, physical assessments, and environmental observation. The nursing problems identified were ineffective breathing patterns and non-compliance. After implementing nursing through health education on self-care management, it was found that the development of the situation had improved. Nursing implementation through health education on self-care management in asthma patients can be applied to optimize asthma symptom control, reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations, and reduce the side effects of treatment, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Keywords: implementation of nursing, health education, self-care management, asthma, COVID-19

POTENCIAIS DOADORES DE ÓRGÃOS EM MORTE ENCEFÁLICA: CARACTERIZAÇÃO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE DIAGNÓSTICOS DE ENFERMAGEM

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the nursing diagnoses of potential organ donors in brain death according to the NANDA-I Taxonomy. Method: Observational, cross-sectional study conducted in a public hospital in the interior of Ceará, Brazil. Data collection was realized in October and November 2021 in 23 medical records of potential organ donors. Descriptive statistics analyzed data. Results: Twenty-two diagnoses were identified in five of the 13 domains of the NANDA-I taxonomy. The following were prevalent: risk of unstable blood glucose; risk of impaired liver function; impaired gas exchange; impaired bed mobility; ineffective breathing pattern; risk of infection; risk of pressure injury; risk of aspiration; risk of decreased cardiac output; risk of falls, impaired urinary elimination; risk of electrolyte imbalance and risk of unstable blood pressure. Conclusion: The identification of diagnoses may favor the improvement of practice and the application of the nursing process in the care of potential organ donors.

Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde COVID-19 Tanısı ile İzlenen Hastaların Hemşirelik Bakım Planlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Çalışma

Objective: This study aimed to examine electronic nursing care plans for patients who received treatment due to the diagnosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in the intensive care units of a hospital. Material and Methods: The sample of this descriptive and retrospective study consisted of the electronic nursing care plans of 429 patients who received treatment due to the diagnosis of COVID-19 in the intensive care units of a hospital between 15 March, 2020 and 15 March, 2022. Data were collected between June and July 2022 using a descriptive characteristics form, a patient care plan evaluation form, and the quality measurement tool for nursing diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes. Results: The nurses were found to use 27 different nursing diagnoses in their care plans and they mostly preferred the nursing diagnoses of risk for infection (n=608), risk for ineffective breathing pattern (n=282), and risk for ımpaired oral mucous membrane integrity (n=233). The nurses labeled 87.66% of the nursing diagnosis correctly and identified 72.78% of the related factors and descriptive characteristics and 58.04% of the goals at an adequate level, 74.77% of the nursing interventions feasibly, and 47.26% of the evaluation at an adequate level. The mean score of the nurses for the quality measurement tool for nursing diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes was 51.82±6.89. Conclusion: It was seen that the nurses were sufficient in the electronic nursing process they prepared for the patients treated with the diagnosis of COVID-19, except for the evaluation, and the quality of the nursing process was above the average. It is recommended to provide training to nurses, especially for the evaluation stage of the nursing process.

The Effect of Oxygenation on Improving Breathing Pattern in Congestive Heart Failure Case

Objective: To determine the effect of oxygenation on increasing ineffective breathing patterns in congestive heart failure (CHF). Method: This case study uses a descriptive method that includes an assessment that aims to provide a detailed description of the background, nature and character of a case. This study uses three data collection techniques, namely, primary data (interviews and observations), and secondary data (documentation). Result: After giving oxygen, the results showed that there was a change in breathing pattern for the better, no shortness of breath, and a normal frequency of respiration 21 x/minute and SPO2 99%. Conclusion: It is concluded that the ineffective breathing pattern can be overcome by giving oxygenation. It can be seen from the results of the research evaluation that giving oxygen before and after can have an effect on improving breathing.

Penerapan Relaksasi Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise Terhadap Dyspnea Pada Asuhan Keperawatn Pasien Penyakit Paru Obstruktif (PPOK)

Introduction : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition in which the lungs experience obstruction that is not fully reversible. One of the independent nursing interventions in dealing with decreased is the diaphragmatic breathing exersice relaxation technique. This technique is a non-pharmacological therapy that can improve abdominal movement by reducing respiratory muscle activity. The purpose of the study was to determine the application of relaxation diaphragmatic breathing to dyspnea in the nursing care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Poso Hospital. Research methods: descriptive with a case study approach. Results: obtained complaints of shotness of breath, breathing 27x/m, pulse 102x/m, blood pressure 130/90 mmHg with a diagnosis of ineffective breathing pattern, ineffective airway clearance and activity intolerance. Ventilation support interventions, airway management, and activity therapy. Implementation was carried out for 5 days. Evaluation after the implementation of the implementation of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exersice Relaxation there is change in Dyspnea in Mrs.B. Conclusion the application of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exersice Relaxation can overcome the problem of Dyspnea. Suggestion: are expected to provide nursing interventions to overcome existing nursing problems in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients with dyspnea cases.