Industry Advisory Committee Research Articles

Exploring the efficacy of post-secondary career and technical education industry advisory partnerships

ABSTRACT Purpose – To understand the experience of community college career and technical education (CTE) industry advisory committee members.Methodology – Using the qualitative research tradition phenomenology, participants included advisory committee chairs and institutional programme department chairs to help create a composite description of their lived experience.Findings – Themes inlcuded, effectiveness is not about complacent governance, board members are not given adequate time to review material before a meeting, board recommendations are not being implemented, and members feel that they are not truly integrated into the academic culture.Research Implications – Community colleges could use the data to revise their advisory committee policies and meeting governance. Another implication of the research is that appropriate and effective industry advisory partnerships strengthen the institution’s position in the community and career and technical programming.Practical Implications – not intergrating meaninful industry partnerships into developing abd facilitating CTE programming will result in outdated curriculum and graduates who hold competencies and skills that do not align with industry needs.Originality and Value – This paper contributes to the literature about the value of community college CTE programmes in society and the importance of industry – institutional partnerships regarding technical curriculum development.

Deep neural network analyses of spirometry for structural phenotyping of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUNDCurrently recommended traditional spirometry outputs do not reflect the relative contributions of emphysema and airway disease to airflow obstruction. We hypothesized that machine-learning algorithms can be trained on spirometry data to identify these structural phenotypes.METHODSParticipants enrolled in a large multicenter study (COPDGene) were included. The data points from expiratory flow-volume curves were trained using a deep-learning model to predict structural phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on CT, and results were compared with traditional spirometry metrics and an optimized random forest classifier. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and weighted F-score were used to measure the discriminative accuracy of a fully convolutional neural network, random forest, and traditional spirometry metrics to phenotype CT as normal, emphysema-predominant (>5% emphysema), airway-predominant (Pi10 > median), and mixed phenotypes. Similar comparisons were made for the detection of functional small airway disease phenotype (>20% on parametric response mapping).RESULTSAmong 8980 individuals, the neural network was more accurate in discriminating predominant emphysema/airway phenotypes (AUC 0.80, 95%CI 0.79-0.81) compared with traditional measures of spirometry, FEV1/FVC (AUC 0.71, 95%CI 0.69-0.71), FEV1% predicted (AUC 0.70, 95%CI 0.68-0.71), and random forest classifier (AUC 0.78, 95%CI 0.77-0.79). The neural network was also more accurate in discriminating predominant emphysema/small airway phenotypes (AUC 0.91, 95%CI 0.90-0.92) compared with FEV1/FVC (AUC 0.80, 95%CI 0.78-0.82), FEV1% predicted (AUC 0.83, 95%CI 0.80-0.84), and with comparable accuracy with random forest classifier (AUC 0.90, 95%CI 0.88-0.91).CONCLUSIONSStructural phenotypes of COPD can be identified from spirometry using deep-learning and machine-learning approaches, demonstrating their potential to identify individuals for targeted therapies.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT00608764.FUNDINGThis study was supported by NIH grants K23 HL133438 and R21EB027891 and an American Thoracic Foundation 2018 Unrestricted Research Grant. The COPDGene study is supported by NIH grants NHLBI U01 HL089897 and U01 HL089856. The COPDGene study (NCT00608764) is also supported by the COPD Foundation through contributions made to an Industry Advisory Committee comprising AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, and Sunovion.

Science Competency Assessment Tool for On- the- Job Training Students of the College of Industrial Technology Batangas State University

The science curriculum in the College of Industrial Technology (CIT) program is a significant component of the academic requirement of the students and is believed to be vital for the development of skills and potentials of students. The objective of the study was to develop a science competency assessment tool for the OJT students of the CIT, Batangas State University, Batangas City, Philippines. The different science competencies were classified as technical, behavioral, communicative and managerial competencies. The descriptive method of research was utilized in this study with the questionnaire as the data gathering instrument. The data were analyzed and tested using weighted mean and T-test. The faculty and OJT students very strongly agreed that these science competencies were offered and developed in the department. The science competencies were developed in the objectives in Physics to a very great extent as assessed by both faculty and OJT students. Likewise, to a great extent, the science competencies were developed in the objectives in chemistry. With regards to the instructional strategies' science competencies were developed to a great extent. Based on the development of science competencies relative to the learning infrastructures, science competencies were developed to a very great extent as assessed by faculty, while the students' assessments revealed that they were developed to a great extent. Further, as to the evaluative measures, for faculty science competencies were developed to a very great extent, while student respondents revealed that to a great extent. It was recommended that the objectives of the science subjects, instructional strategies, learning the infrastructure, and evaluative measures must be made congruent with the competencies of the students; discussion of the relevance of science and other academic subjects in the regular conduct of the industry advisory committee meeting. Moreover, the proposed science competency assessment tool must be evaluated, and pilot tested before it can be administered to OJT students.

Global Employer and Business Associations: Their Relations with Members in the Development of Mutual Capacities

Abstract Global employer and business associations at the peak level are neglected in research, but this paper argues that it is possible to develop collective action and represent interests in many policy fields through these encompassing entities, and they add to other forms of global business coordination. This study analyses all the global peak associations (International Chamber of Commerce, International Organisation of Employers, World Chambers Federation, Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD, B20 Coalition, World Economic Forum and World Business Council for Sustainable Development and it shows that collective action is facilitated through multiple relations between these associations and their members (firms and national associations). Results show that firms and national associations provide important inputs into global associations, and they are active in different leadership functions, while global associations meet a variety of demands from their diverse constituencies and assist members in building capacities. These relations take many different forms, but they are important in all global associations, and the analysis of these patterns of collective action have implications for our understanding of global politics where new approaches are needed to analyse the institutionalisation of business interests. Keywords: Collective action, business, employers, peak associations, global policy, international organisations ----- Bibliography: Ronit, Karsten: Global Employer and Business Associations: Their Relations with Members in the Development of Mutual Capacities, ERIS, 1-2016, pp. 53-77. https://doi.org/10.3224/eris.v3i1.4

Analysis of costs to dispense prescriptions in independently owned, closed-door long-term care pharmacies.

The need for accurate calculation of long-term care (LTC) pharmacies' costs to dispense (CTD) has become more important as payers have moved toward reimbursement models based on pharmacies' actual acquisition cost for drug products and the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services (CMS) has implemented requirements that LTC pharmacies must dispense prescriptions for certain branded drugs in 14-day-or-less quantities. To (a) calculate the average cost that the typical independently owned, closed-door LTC pharmacy currently incurs to dispense and deliver a prescription to the resident of a client LTC facility and (b) estimate how CMS-mandated changes to a 14-day-or-less dispensing cycle would affect the typical LTC pharmacy's average CTD. The data requirements and measurement model were developed by academic researchers in consultation with an industry advisory committee of independent LTC pharmacy owners. A survey instrument was constructed to collect financial and operating data required to calculate the CTD. Surveys were distributed via 3 dissemination channels to approximately 1,000 independently owned, closed-door LTC pharmacies. The National Community Pharmacists Association mailed surveys to their LTC members; 3 major national wholesalers distributed surveys to their LTC customers through their newsletters; and 3 LTC group purchasing organizations distributed the surveys to their members through emails, newsletters, mailings, and/or regional meetings. Each pharmacy's CTD was calculated by dividing total LTC dispensing-related costs by the total number of prescriptions dispensed. Dispensing-related costs included costs incurred to physically dispense and deliver prescriptions (e.g., dispensing pharmacists' and technicians' salaries and costs of medication containers) and costs incurred to support the dispensing function (e.g., salaries of delivery and medical records personnel). A model based on dispensing-related fixed, variable, and semivariable costs was developed to examine the impact of shorter dispensing cycles on LTC pharmacies' CTD. A prescription volume increase of 19% was assumed based on converting only solid oral branded drugs to short-cycle dispensing. A diverse sample of 64 closed-door LTC pharmacies returned usable surveys. Sales from dispensing to LTC facilities accounted for more than 98% of total sales. Respondents indicated that they currently dispensed 23% of total doses in 14-day-or-less cycles and 76% in 28-31 day cycles. Most pharmacies used automated medication packaging technology, heat and cold package sealers, bar code systems, sterile compounding hoods, LTC printers or labelers, and electronic prescribing. The median CTD was $13.54 with an interquartile range (25th to 75th percentiles) of $10.51 to $17.66. More than half of dispensing-related costs were from personnel expense, of which pharmacists and managers accounted for more than 40%. The results of the fixed and variable cost modeling suggested that converting solid oral brand-name drugs from 30-day to 14-day dispensing cycles would lower the median per prescription CTD to between $11.63 and $12.54, depending on the assumptions made about the effects of semivariable costs. However, this decrease in per prescription dispensing cost is dwarfed by an increase in total dispensing cost incurred by pharmacies that results from doubling the monthly volume of short-cycle prescriptions that must be dispensed. The result is that the typical LTC pharmacy in our sample incurred a CTD of $13.54 if the medication is dispensed in a 30-day cycle or $23.26 if the medication is dispensed in two 14-day cycles (at a cost of $11.63 for each cycle dispensed). Our results indicated a median CTD of $13.54 for the typical independently owned, closed-door LTC pharmacy. Moving to a shorter cycle would reduce pharmacies' average per-prescription CTD but would increase the number of prescriptions dispensed per month. Our results indicated that transitioning solid oral branded products to 14-day cycles would reduce the median CTD to a minimum of $11.63 but would increase total dispensing costs because each sold oral branded prescription would require twice the number of monthly dispensing events.

Development and evaluation of an appraisal form to assess clinical effectiveness of adult invasive mechanical ventilation systems

BackgroundRapid developments in intensive care medicine have made mechanical ventilation an essential method in the resuscitation and comprehensive treatment of critical care patients. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an appraisal form assessing the clinical effectiveness of adult invasive mechanical ventilation systems.MethodsAn appraisal form was designed according to the effectiveness evaluation theory of the American Weapons Systems Effectiveness Industry Advisory Committee (WSEIAC) along with literature review and expert panel review. Content validity of the preliminary form was analyzed in a cohort of 200 patients. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess appraisal form validity. Discriminate validity of different ventilation outcomes was analyzed by t test. Test/retest reliability and inter-scorer reliability were evaluated with 30 patients after a 2-week interval by Cronbach's alpha.ResultsExploratory factor analysis showed eigenvalues for 3 dimensions (availability, dependability, capability) to be 7.85, 4.43, and 4.22, respectively. Cronbach’s α for internal consistency of the appraisal form was 0.957, and 0.922, 0.961 and 0.937, respectively, for the 3 dimensions. Test-retest reliability of 3 dimensions was 0.976, and 0.862, 0.857, 0.885, respectively. Intra-class correlation coefficient verified test-retest reliability; ICC 0.976 and 0.862, 0.857, 0.885 for 3 dimensions, respectively.ConclusionsThe appraisal form for clinical effectiveness of adult invasive mechanical ventilation systems has high reliability and validity and may be used in clinical setting.

NSF 14: Shaping the Future of the Plastic Piping Industry

Abstract In 1951, NSF, then the National Sanitation Foundation, was approached by the Thermoplastics division of the Society of the Plastics Industry to initiate a research study related to the suitability of plastic pipe for potable water supplies. The results were reported in 1955 under the title “A Study of Plastic Pipe for Potable Water Supplies.” Following the publication of the study, NSF was requested by the plastics industry to establish a continuing testing and certification program on plastics materials, pipe, and fittings for potable water applications not only for toxicological considerations but also for performance evaluation. The Public Health and Industry Advisory Committee recommended the use of ASTM test procedures. The certification program was first started in 1959 and led to the creation of National Sanitation Foundation Standard Number 14 for Thermoplastic Materials in 1965. In 1991, NSF 14 became ANSI/NSF 14, the national standard for Plastic Piping Systems Components and Related Materials.

Improving research at universities to benefit the poultry industry

SUMMARY This paper is a synopsis of the research portion of the National Extension Workshop conducted at the 98th annual meeting of PSA. This workshop provided an overview of the direct impact land grant universities have on the poultry industry. Several members from across the poultry industry and allied industries provided their views on topics pertaining to improving university research to better benefit the industry as a whole. Among the topics discussed were the benefits of industry advisory committees, the source(s) of monetary support for university research, the industry’s need for both applied and basic research, and the usefulness of the Midwest Poultry Consortium.

Indispensable Traits of High-Performance Advisory Committees

Most US post-secondary and business leaders recognize the value of industry advisors and advisory committees, and the important roles they can play with respect to post-secondary educational programmes. Most such committees, however, fall far short of realizing their potential impacts. This article provides insights and practical recommendations for individuals and organizations interested in or involved with the development, facilitation and/or evaluation of high-performance advisory boards.

A Professional Engineering Degree in Petroleum Geoscience to Satisfy Caribbean Industry

Faced with industrial growth but an aging community of petroleum geoscientists, the petroleum industry in Trinidad and Tobago needs an injection of locally-grown graduates trained to the highest international standards to fill professional positions. To address this requirement, an undergraduate program in Petroleum Geoscience was introduced into the Faculty of Engineering at the University of the West Indies' Trinidad Campus in September 2001. This was done at the request of the Geological Society of Trinidad and Tobago (GSTT), the Government, and the major upstream petroleum companies, all of whom assisted in the development of the unique, 3-year program by forming an industry advisory committee (the JIAAC). The program was taken through all its committee stages during May–July 2001. Subsequent progress has been phenomenal. All student intakes (limited to about 15 and comprising local citizens) have had excellent qualifications and have included some of the best science-based school performers. Industry has already assimilated three cohorts of students, totalling 43 graduates. Some have either been posted abroad by their companies for career development, or are abroad for further study, often sponsored by their company. A further 46 are currently progressing through the program.This paper describes this undergraduate program in petroleum geoscience and engineering. It is one of the few university geoscience programs worldwide that (a) was created through a partnership of academia, government and industry, (b) focuses on the Petroleum Sector, and (c) has the potential to be recognized globally as an ideal setting for the recruitment of quality geoscientists for petroleum exploration, development and engineering. The partnership between industry, higher education, government, and professional bodies provides for prime development of human resources, which is the key investment in developing the next generation of local professionals.

Inclusion of Sustainability Principles into the Environmental Engineering Program at UNSW

After industry consultation and planning in the late 1980s, the fi rst intake of environmental engineers started at UNSW in 1991. A signifi cant change to the program occurred in 1996 with the introduction of integrating “Practice” subjects in each year, which attempted a problem-based learning approach to learning. Continuing minor modifi cations have been introduced since 1996, and now a major review is being undertaken that will again seek substantial input from the profession, alumni and current students. The process being adopted is outlined in this paper. A summary of the key fi ndings from surveys is provided. Alternate sustainability-based themes have been developed by the School and an Industry Advisory Committee; these are described and the adopted theme(s) to direct the design of the revised program to commence in 2006 are outlined. The paper shows how these new sustainability theme(s) direct the structure and content of the new courses to be provided in the revised program.

Bachelor of Applied Petroleum Engineering Technology: The First Degree Program At the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology

Abstract The Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAlT) was granted the first applied degree program in its 82 year history in 1995 by Alberta Advanced Education and Career Development. This degree program was established to provide enhanced education to appropriate Engineering Technology Diploma graduates and to those with comparable backgrounds. It provides local access to advanced education for both recent graduates and persons currently employed in the industry. Until now, graduates of two-year technology programs have had to travel out of the province to obtain significant credit toward a degree program, usually to the USA. The program was established with the help of an industry advisory committee and started with 24 evening students in September 1995. A second intake of evening students began in September 1996 along with a new class of 50 full-time day students, for a total of over 100 within a year of program initiation. Currently there are a total of 280 students involved at various stages, and 15 graduates. Although the program is new and novel there has been great interest, partly because of its flexible delivery, content and entrance requirements that allow students from varying backgrounds to be admitted. Due to this flexible approach, a number of the current students already hold B.Sc. or M.Sc. degrees in science and engineering. This paper details the reasons for the establishment of the degree program, its two-tier structure, course content, the credit work experience concept, and how and why the industry is involved for the benefit of all parties. Introduction The Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAlT), one of Canada's oldest and most respected post-secondary technical institutes, has been meeting the skills training needs of learners, employers, and the economy for more than eight decades. The quality of training delivered is widely evident in graduate employment rates which consistently average over 90%. Demand has been growing steadily over the past several decades for technologists and technicians with advanced skills both in fields where training has traditionally been available only at a career level, and in new industry sectors and job categories. The training required to meet these demands might indeed be available in the province, but often in a discontinuous fashion and perhaps from incompatible training sources. Relying on multiple and potentially incompatible sources is an expensive, time consuming, and piecemeal approach to meeting some very real and pressing economic development needs. From the learners' perspective, the lack of meaningful credential at the conclusion of the period of study is also a major disadvantage or deterrent. To meet the demand for advanced technical training, SAlT has started to offer degrees in selected areas which reflect the needs of the industry, learner demands, and the economic development of the province. Alberta has been piloting eight new applied degree programs since September 1995. A maximum of two applied degrees was approved initially for each college or institute in the province.

Performance and Compatibility of California Reformulated Gasoline in On-Road, Off-Road, and Non-Vehicle Engines

As part of its comprehensive program to reduce air pollution, California has mandated the use of a cleaner burning reformulated gasoline introduced in March 1996. In 1995 the Air Resources Board, with oversight from an industry, public interest, and governmental advisory committee, undertook an extensive study of the performance and compatibility characteristics of California reformulated gasoline in on-road, off-road, and non-vehicle engines. The evaluation included in-use comparison of California reformulated gasoline to conventional gasoline in normal fleet operations. Fleets totaling 829 test and 637 control vehicles were studied. Additionally, off-road and non-vehicle in-use testing was conducted covering engine technologies in the following uses: utility, lawn and garden applications; pleasure craft and small marine vessels; agricultural and industrial engines; and recreational snowmobiles and personal watercraft. California reformulated gasoline was found to perform as well as conventional gasoline in terms of driveability, starting, idling, acceleration, power, and safety.

Effective Use of Industrial Advisory Boards

The Technology Accreditation Commission (TAC) of the US Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) stipulates that each accredited programme must have an industrial advisory committee composed of industrial representatives. However, how do we ensure that these committees contribute significantly to the growth and development of engineering technology programmes as a means of ensuring technical currency of the programme and the maintenance of close liaison with the employing industries?

Good health is good business

A further two of the UK Health and Safety Executive's information sheets on the safe use of dyes and chemicals in the dyeing and finishing industry are reproduced on the following page.For full details of the work being done by the HSE and the Textiles Industry Advisory Committee (TEXIAC) on health and safety issues in the industry, see Andrew Porter's article in last month's Journal [1].The guidance on the following pages may be reproduced freely, provided the source is acknowledged at the HSE.

Good health is good business

Journal of the Society of Dyers and ColouristsVolume 112, Issue 10 p. 258-259 Good health is good business Andrew Porter, Andrew Porter Andrew Porter is chairman of the Textiles Industry Advisory Committee and based at the Health and Safety Executive's Horsforth site. The guidance on the following pages may be reproduced freely, provided the source is acknowledged as the HSE.Search for more papers by this author Andrew Porter, Andrew Porter Andrew Porter is chairman of the Textiles Industry Advisory Committee and based at the Health and Safety Executive's Horsforth site. The guidance on the following pages may be reproduced freely, provided the source is acknowledged as the HSE.Search for more papers by this author First published: October 1996 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1996.tb01753.xCitations: 1 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume112, Issue10October 1996Pages 258-259 RelatedInformation

Theoretical Considerations of the Effect of Federal Income Taxes on Investment Income in Property-Liability Ratemaking

Introduction Since the mid-1970s much theoretical discussion has occurred on the role of investment income in property-liability ratemaking. Often cited in this regard are the articles by Quirin and Waters (1975), Biger and Kahane (1978), Fairley (1979), Hill (1979), and the follow-up advances by Myers and Cohn (1987), Hill and Modigliani (1987), and Kraus and Ross (1982). Surveys of the general developments of this period can be found in Cummins (1990a, 1990b, 1991) and Derrig (1990). Interest in this subject is not restricted to academicians. Actuarial notice of the topic resulted in a full Call Paper Program on total returns for insurers at the 1979 meeting of the Casualty Actuarial Society. Applications of the theoretical models, primarily those derived from the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), were made for both the automobile and workers' compensation lines of property-liability insurance in several states, most notably in Massachusetts. Derrig (1987) provides a developmental history of the important issues in Massachusetts for the period 1976-1984. Some of the empirical results of the Massachusetts experiment through 1990 can be found in Derrig (1993). Regulators, aware of the pressures of inflation on costs and the availability of relatively high current market yields for investments in the late 1970s and early 1980s, began to pay close attention to the question of the inclusion of investment income in ratemaking (a survey of the early methods is provided in Williams, 1983). Explicit recognition of investment income in ratemaking also emerged in the prior approval states of Florida, Minnesota, North Carolina, and Texas. Finally, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) undertook an extensive review of the question, which prompted recommendations by an industry advisory committee (Haayen, 1983). Throughout this period, little, if any, attention was paid to the crucial role that federal income taxes would play in any ratemaking model. The simple no-tax, no-risk, one-period result of an underwriting profit provision equal to minus the risk-free rate appeared in both the Quirin and Waters and Biger and Kahane articles. Their results led to the surprising observation that the fair premium, or underwriting profit provision, was independent of the amount of supporting surplus (Biger and Kahane, p. 124), but that actual results do seem to depend upon a solvency constraint (Quirin and Waters, pp. 438-439).(1) The potential importance of the omission of both risk and taxes was recognized immediately in Brennan's (1975) comments on the Quirin and Waters paper. On taxes, Brennan noted: I think that one still might find that equilibrium expected underwriting losses were less than predicted by the QW model which focuses on the similarity of insurance companies to investment companies while neglecting a significant difference, namely that insurance companies, must pay taxes on their investment income. So, in opting to become an insurance company rather than an investment company a significant tax burden is accepted. Equilibrium considerations would suggest then that it is only reasonable to expect some countervailing advantage in the form of the ability to borrow at preferential rates from policyholders (pp. 446-447). Hill (1979) also observed the independence of the profit margin from surplus requirements but went on to derive a simple but necessary dependence in a capital asset pricing model framework with corporate taxes on investment income.(2) Fairley's (1979) CAPM profit margin equation with taxes essentially recognizes the same phenomenon. Fairley begins to reveal the potentially large effects from the estimation of an appropriate tax rate. He estimates a three percent increase in the required profit margin when the model insurer is assumed to invest only in U.S. government bonds, taxable at the full 1979 corporate tax rate of 46 percent, rather than investing in a tax-preferred diversified portfolio, taxable when combined with underwriting income at an average rate of about 20 percent. …

The New English Draft Arbitration Bill: The DTI Consultation Document

The origins of the draft Bill lie in the 1989 Report of the Department of Trade and Industry's Advisory Committee on Arbitration Law (the ‘DAC’). The DAC reported on whether the United Kingdom should adopt the Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration proposed by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (‘UNCITRAL’). The Chairman of the DAC at that time was Lord Justice Mustill (now Lord Mustill) who had played a leading part in the deliberations of UNCITRAL. After extensive consultation, the DAC recommended against the adoption of the UNCITRAL Model Law.1 However, in Part IV of its Report it considered whether there was a need for legislation in the field of arbitration law. In Part IV of its 1989 Report the DAC considered the present state of English statute law on arbitration and then made recommendations for new legislation. It is only against Part IV of the...

BOOK REVIEWS

Journal Article BOOK REVIEWS Get access Safe Operation of Ceramic Kilns. Ceramic Industry Advisory Committee. HSE Books, London, 1993. (ISBN 0 7176 0630 9.) 26 pp. Price £6.50. LESLIE BOWCOCK LESLIE BOWCOCK Stoke-on-TrentStaffordshire ST9 9HW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Volume 38, Issue 3, June 1994, Pages 330–331, https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/38.3.330 Published: 01 June 1994

066 A MODEL FOR REFORM OF UNDERGRADUATE HORTICULTURE EDUCATION: THE WASHINGTON TREE FRUIT PROGRAM

Horticulture departments have been experiencing a decline of students studying pomology and the tree fruit industry suffers from a shortage of horticulturists. Wenatchee Valley College responded to the tree fruit industry's request to develop an undergraduate pomology program. The program has an industry advisory committee, is industry oriented and emphasizes the art and the science of deciduous tree fruit production. Industry and field-based instruction is a significant component of the curriculum. The fruit industry funded the development of two laboratory orchards totaling 53 acres. Industry satisfaction and student placement is high. Wenatchee Valley College's success motivated the industry to encourage the Washington State University Dept. of Horticulture and Wenatchee Valley College to join in an educational partnership. The Washington Tree Fruit Program was implemented in 1993. It is the state's first educational program cooperatively developed by two state institutions of higher education and boasts 55 degree-seeking students. The articulated curriculum has many innovations and represents a significant departure from traditional undergraduate pomology curricula.