Industrialization In Sub-Saharan Africa Research Articles

Taxes from International Transactions: Impact of Industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa

Despite the overreliance on the oil sector and huge revenue generated from oil-related taxes in the majority of sub-Saharan African countries, the tax-to-GDP ratio is still below the global index as measured by the World Bank. Africa needs to unveil the hidden natural resources to improve the export of raw commodities and thus generate more taxes from exportation. Although industrialization is growing, Africa's share of global manufacturing is less than 1%, putting the continent at the bottom of the global value chain. Africa has many of the ingredients of industrial success to unleash. This paper examined the impact of industrial performance on customs, import duties, and export taxes using the SGMM analytical technique. The findings showed that improvements in industrial performance negatively and significantly affected customs and import duties and exerted a significant positive effect on export taxes.

Effect of Industrialization on Taxes from Income, Profit and Capital Gains Among Sub-Sahara African Countries

Tax revenue is a crucial financial resource for governments worldwide. Developed nations often secure ample tax revenue through robust industrial performance. In contrast, developing economies struggle with various challenges that hinder tax revenue from sources such as income, profit, and capital gains, largely due to high unemployment and inadequate industrialization. This study employed an ex-post facto research design and analyzed panel data from 38 countries over 21 years (2001–2021), sourced from the World Bank Group Database. The System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) analysis revealed that industrial performance significantly impacts tax revenue from income, profit, and capital gains in sub-Saharan African countries. The study concluded that advancing industrialization in sub-Saharan Africa is essential for maximizing tax revenue from these sources. It is recommended that governments in the region focus on accelerating industrial growth as a strategy to achieve sustainable tax revenue generation.

The hospitality industry in Sub-Saharan Africa

The hospitality industry in Sub-Saharan Africa

The Influence of Uber on the Tourism Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa

The Influence of Uber on the Tourism Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa

Insurance Penetration and Inclusive Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Panel Linear and Nonlinear Analysis

This study contributes to the emerging literature on the insurance industry in sub-Saharan Africa by investigating both the linear and nonlinear relationship between insurance penetration and inclusive growth. We employ a panel dataset in a system generalised method of moments approach and a dynamic panel threshold to account for endogeneity and turning points in the insurance-inclusive growth nexus. The linear evidence suggests a significant positive impact of insurance penetration (life, nonlife and total) on inclusive growth. Further, there exists a significant threshold level of nonlife and total insurance penetration, which countries must surpass to realise the positive impact of insurance on inclusive growth. The paper argues that below this threshold value, the relationship tends to be negative, suggesting a U-shaped relationship. We found no significant threshold for the life insurance industry. Important policy implications for fine-tuning the insurance industry to deliver the intended effects of managing risk in the wider economy are discussed.

The Impact of Risk Management on the Multinational Oil and Gas Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)

The Impact of Risk Management on the Multinational Oil and Gas Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)

Knowledge Capabilities for Sustainable Poultry Production in Sub-Sahara Africa: Lessons from Southeast Nigeria

The poultry industry in sub-Saharan Africa faces significant sustainability challenges associated with social equity, economic stability, and environmental degradation. As the sector expands due to population and income growth, a major concern remaining is how to ensure a sustainable future for the industry. This paper assessed the knowledge capabilities of poultry farmers for sustainable production using southeast Nigeria as a model region for all riparian regions in sub-Saharan Africa. Sixty poultry farms and 180 participants were sampled. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources, including relevant literature, participant observations, and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed with the percentage, bar chart, regression, and Pearson Moment Correlation. Findings revealed that only 13.9% of the respondents had a high knowledge of environmental sustainability. The number of years spent in school (t = 1.992; p = 0.048), access to veterinary service (t = 2.161; p = 0.032), and membership in a social organization (t = 2.306; p = 0.022) were socio-economic factors that significantly influenced knowledge capabilities. Knowledge (r = 0.252; p < 0.005), rather than income, significantly influenced the use of sustainability practices. Low knowledge of sustainability practices could mean a gross violation on the part of farmers. Specialized programs for educating poultry farmers on the realities of the environmental impacts of their livelihood are paramount.

The effects of solar radio bursts on frequency bands utilised by the aviation industry in Sub-Saharan Africa

Solar radio bursts have been associated with a number of disruptions in avionic systems. The objective of this work is to develop solar radio burst interference thresholds which account for the technical specifications of aviation-related instrumentation, instrument operating frequencies as well as industry stipulated error tolerances. Solar radio bursts are suggested to be potentially hazardous when exceeding these calculated thresholds. Particular attention is paid to the radio altimeter, an important component in aviation safety. The thresholds suggested in this work for VHF communication, GPS navigation receivers and radio altimeter frequencies are; 102, 103, and 104 sfu respectively. Solar radio burst interference (for solar radio bursts above 104 sfu) is shown to result in large errors (64–251 m) in the altitude estimates for the Frequency Modulated Continuous Waves (FMCW) radio altimeter simulated in this work.

Industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa: the role of telecommunications, electricity and aid to development

Industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa: the role of telecommunications, electricity and aid to development

The impact of tourism supply chain on sustainable performance in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Tanzania

PurposeThe fast-growth of tourism industry in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has increased supply chain activities that harm the environment. Although there are some studies which have investigated the impact of tourism supply chain on sustainable performance, little is known on the side of SSA. Based on the natural resource-based view (NRBV), this study examines the effects of green purchasing, green packaging and reverse logistics on sustainable performance in SSA.Design/methodology/approachThis study applies the structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the conceptual model based on the data collected in mid of 2020 from 167 firms in tourism industry in Tanzania.FindingsThe results demonstrate that green purchasing (GP) has positive effects on environmental performance (EVP) and social performance (SCP). Green packaging (GPa) has positive effects on EVP but no significant influence on SCP. Also, reverse logistics (RL) has positive effects on SCP but no significant influence on EVP. Besides, both EVP and SCP positively influence ECP and mediate the relationships between GP, GPa and RL with ECP.Originality/valueThis study provides a novel framework in sustainable tourism supply chain literature by empirically investigating the relationship between tourism supply chain practices and sustainable performance in SSA.

Significance of sweet sorghum as a multi-purpose crop for sub-Saharan Africa

There is great interest in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) for promoting resilience in rural livelihoods in Sub- Saharan Africa (SSA). Unlike other crops, sweet sorghum is a multi-purpose crop for grain, feed, fodder, chewing, syrup and biofuel production. The objective of this paper is to analyse information on the diversity within the crop, its adaptation and plant breeding efforts in SSA. We also discuss opportunities that exist in SSA that make the crop an attractive alternative. It is clear from the review that the crop has a wide genetic base, hence significant improvements can be made on a number of preferred traits. The review further outlines four possible production models for the economic development of the sweet sorghum industry in Sub-Saharan Africa; which are (i) production for supply to urban chewing markets, (ii) syrup production, (iii) biofuel production and (iv) fodder production. Although current research focuses on production of ethanol for biofuel, other potential uses such as production for chewing, syrup and fodder cannot be overlooked for most SSA farmers. A lot has to be done on the research front before biofuel production from sweet sorghum can be profitable and technically feasible. Future plant breeding efforts can be tailor made to deliver cultivars with peculiar traits for various end-uses.

The Political Economy of Industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evaluating the Role of Institutions

Sub-Saharan Africa has recently witnessed rising growth rates, but the continent is still largely not industrialised. Mainstream empirical diagnosis has identified the paucity of physical and human capital as the main culprit. However, with the increasing inflow of capital into the continent, such arguments have become hackneyed. A possible culprit identified in the evolving development literature is the quality of institutions. How much has the quality of institutions, structured largely by the prevailing political economy of individual states, influenced Africa’s industrial performance? This study deploys descriptive and analytical methodologies to proffer answers to these questions. The estimates obtained from the Pool Mean Group Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) as well as the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) panel estimators point strongly to the fact that institutions are bane of industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Specifically, we find evidence that in the long run, regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption all impact the manufacturing subsector negatively and significantly. The panacea is not only within the matrix of optimal resource allocation, but must integrate the entire political and sociological process, involving governments at all levels, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and faith-based groups.

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Bovine Sub-Clinical Mastitis Burden in Low and High Tick Acaricide Resistance Regions of Uganda

Mastitis, antimicrobial resistance and acaricide resistance pose significant threats to the development of the dairy industry in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from CMT positive cows on farms located in high (HARA) and low (LARA) acaricide resistance challenge regions of Uganda. Among selected herds in both regions, subclinical mastitis (SCM) screening was performed using CMT. CMT positive samples were collected, cultured, bacteria isolated and antibiotic sensitivity tests conducted. Overall, the prevalence of SCM in cows was 71.5% and 27.7% for HARA and LARA respectively. A SCM herd prevalence of 66.3% and 28.2% was recorded for HARA and LARA respectively. Furthermore, 67.5% and 20.8% of the cows in the HARA and LARA groups, respectively, had three out of four udder quarters infected with SCM. Staphylococcus aureus (44.2%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (47.6%) were the most prevalent causative agents of SCM isolated from cows from HARA and LARA, respectively. Most isolates from both regions were highly resistant to penicillin (HARA, 84.3%; LARA, 95.6%) and colistin (HARA, 100%; LARA, 97.8%). Tetracycline (77.1%) and oxacillin (76.1%) resistance was high in isolates from HARA and LARA, respectively. Intermediate responses (neither susceptible nor resistant) to antibiotics were more common in isolates from HARA than in those from LARA. With this level of antibiotic resistance, there is a potential risk of failure to control mastitis in dairy cattle using antibiotics, especially in the HARA region, which may possibly jeopardize the growth of the dairy industry in Uganda.

Green Sourcing: Effects on Supplier Performance Metrics in Fast Food Restaurants in Frontier Markets

Abstract Purpose: Following the banning of expanded polystyrene packaging material, the fast food restaurant industry was serendipitously plunged into green sourcing initiatives for its packaging materials leading to heightened efforts on evaluating the suitability of various suppliers of green packaging material. This study therefore sought to assess the performance of selected suppliers on supplier performance metrics of total cost of ownership, quality of sourced material and delivery performance, in Zimbabwe’s restaurant industry. Methodology: Data was collected from senior procurement officers of 30 officially registered fast food restaurants in Zimbabwe. Each restaurant randomly selected 5 suppliers from their supplier lists. Each unit was asked to rate their 5 major suppliers of packaging material leading to an effective sample size of 150 suppliers. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyse data in AMOS. The five steps in SEM, that is: model specification, model identification, parameter estimation, model evaluation and modification were done. Findings: The findings in this study revealed that green sourcing leads to improved procurement performance in terms of total cost of ownership, quality of the materials sourced, and delivery performance. Implications for theory and practice: It was therefore recommended that practically the restaurant industry should explore various options of green packaging material ranging from recyclable and reusable plastic, paper, aluminium and steel material. Originality and value: Although the study was done in a single market, there is dearth in literature on green sourcing in frontier markets, of which the study provides empirical evidence from the restaurant industry in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Mycotoxins in Poultry Feed and Feed Ingredients from Sub-Saharan Africa and Their Impact on the Production of Broiler and Layer Chickens: A Review.

The poultry industry in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is faced with feed insecurity, associated with high cost of feeds, and feed safety, associated with locally produced feeds often contaminated with mycotoxins. Mycotoxins, including aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FBs), trichothecenes, and zearalenone (ZEN), are common contaminants of poultry feeds and feed ingredients from SSA. These mycotoxins cause deleterious effects on the health and productivity of chickens and can also be present in poultry food products, thereby posing a health hazard to human consumers of these products. This review summarizes studies of major mycotoxins in poultry feeds, feed ingredients, and poultry food products from SSA as well as aflatoxicosis outbreaks. Additionally reviewed are the worldwide regulation of mycotoxins in poultry feeds, the impact of major mycotoxins in the production of chickens, and the postharvest use of mycotoxin detoxifiers. In most studies, AFs are most commonly quantified, and levels above the European Union regulatory limits of 20 μg/kg are reported. Trichothecenes, FBs, ZEN, and OTA are also reported but are less frequently analyzed. Co-occurrences of mycotoxins, especially AFs and FBs, are reported in some studies. The effects of AFs on chickens’ health and productivity, carryover to their products, as well as use of mycotoxin binders are reported in few studies conducted in SSA. More research should therefore be conducted in SSA to evaluate occurrences, toxicological effects, and mitigation strategies to prevent the toxic effects of mycotoxins.

Assessing the perceptions and practices of peri-urban dairy farmers regarding bovine mastitis management in North-Western Nigeria

Peri-urban dairy farming is an emerging industry in sub-Saharan Africa that risks being undermined by diseases like bovine mastitis (BM) if farmers do not implement appropriate management programmes. However, little is currently known about farmer perceptions and practices towards BM due to challenges with accessing these herds for research. In this study, 49 intensive and 53 extensive peri-urban dairy farmers having ≥10 milking cows in Kaduna and Zaria metropolises, North-Western Nigeria were recruited through snowball sampling and on-farm interviews were conducted to collect information on herd demographics, milking procedures, and mastitis management. Descriptive statistics were provided for all study variables and statistical comparisons were made between intensive and extensive herds. The mean herd size was 33 milking cows (range: 11–62). A greater proportion of extensive herds contained only indigenous breeds of cattle (36/53; 68 %) compared with intensive herds (6/49; 12 %). Hand milking was the most common milking method across both herd types (93/102; 92 %). Intensive herds had better hand washing and udder cleaning practices, but there was no statistical difference between management systems with regards to floor, udder, and tail cleanliness. Only a small number of farms performed on-farm diagnosis of BM via strip cup test (4/102; 4%) or rapid mastitis test (3/102; 3%). Treatment of clinical mastitis was typically by intramuscular antibiotic injection (71/102; 70 %) or topically applied herbal preparations (14/102; 14 %). Dry cow intramammary therapy was only used by 6/46 intensive farms (13 %) and 1/53 extensive farms (2%). Most extensive herds (40/53; 76 %) reported milking cows with clinical mastitis after apparently healthy cows, however this practice was less common among intensive herds (5/49; 10 %). Extensive herds were less likely to request veterinary assistance for mastitis than intensive herds (17/53; 32 % versus 28/49; 57 %) and had higher perceived costs for treating BM cases. Intensive farmers reportedly received higher prices for milk than extensive farmers and perceived that BM was causing significantly more production losses in their herds. Only a small number of farmers (20/102; 20 %) kept mastitis treatment records for their herds. Overall, the study findings indicate that peri-urban dairy farmers may be lacking in awareness of BM impacts and access to basic resources to implement good practices such as hand washing between milking cows and antibiotic intramammary infusions.

Gender inclusive intermediary education, financial stability and female employment in the industry in Sub-Saharan Africa

The study examines how financial stability modulates the effect of inclusive intermediary education on female employment in the industry for the period 2008-2018 in Sub-Saharan Africa. The empirical evidence is based on Tobit, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Quantile regressions. There are positive interactive or conditional effects between inclusive intermediary education and financial stability in the Tobit, OLS and bottom quantiles estimations. A net positive (negative) effect is apparent in the 10th quantitle (median) of female employment in the industry distribution. Implications are discussed.

Regional integration, regional value chains and the automotive industry in Sub-Saharan Africa

ABSTRACT To date, regional automotive value chains have not developed to any significant extent in Africa. Growing demand for vehicles across the continent, closer economic integration and the desire on the part of some larger African countries to establish an automotive industry have improved prospects. But major obstacles remain: the political geography of the subcontinent and the tendency of the industry to cluster in a few locations indicate that many smaller countries are likely to miss out on attracting investments. This should not matter if they are attracting investment in other sectors. It does however imply that it is unlikely that the automotive industry will drive regional integration independently of a broader integration process which sees the development of regional value chains across a multitude of sectors helping to bind the continent into a larger common market.

Gender Inclusive Intermediary Education, Financial Stability and Female Employment in the Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa

The study examines how financial stability modulates the effect of inclusive intermediary education on female employment in the industry for the period 2008-2018 in Sub-Saharan Africa. The empirical evidence is based on Tobit, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Quantile regressions. There are positive interactive or conditional effects between inclusive intermediary education and financial stability in the Tobit, OLS and bottom quantiles estimations. A net positive (negative) effect is apparent in the 10th quantitle (median) of female employment in the industry distribution. Implications are discussed.

Natural Resource Endowments and Foreign Direct Investment Flows in Sub-Saharan African Countries

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of natural resource endowment on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in Sub-Saharan African countries. The data cover the period of 1996-2019 and are extracted from UNCTAD and World Bank databases (WDI, 2019; WGI, 2019). A dynamic model with individual effects is estimated in four partially homogeneous panels using the one-step generalized method of moments. The results obtained show that 1) forest resources have a beneficial but negligible effect on FDI inflows in Sub-Saharan Africa; 2) oil and mining resources have significant and negligible adverse effects on FDI inflows in Central Africa and West Africa, respectively; and 3) oil and mining resources, in contrast, have significant and negligible positive effects on FDI inflows in Southern Africa and East Africa, respectively. Regarding the development of the forestry industry in Sub-Saharan Africa, the strengthening of political stability and control of corruption in Central and West Africa and the strengthening of corruption control in Southern and East Africa are the main economic policy implications.