Industrialised Building System Projects Research Articles

Challenges in the Implementation of Industrialised Building System (IBS) in Klang Valley

Industrialised building system (IBS) in Malaysia has been expanding extensively where the proportion of IBS implementation in government projects was 84% in 2021, compared to 60% in private projects. It was reported that many top developers are currently successfully adopting IBS in their projects with good outcomes. The advantage of IBS implementation in construction projects is mainly the shorter time for project completion which potentially increase efficiency in housing provision. This paper focuses on developers’ perception on the challenges in IBS implementation in the aspect of management. The objectives of this research are to identify the problems perceived by developers in Klang Valley when implementing IBS projects and to give general recommendations to overcome these problems. Quantitative approach was used and structured questionnaires were distributed to 50 developers in Klang Valley. The research indicated that the most prominent problems agreed by developers is in the category of supervision of site workers and also the aspect of logistic that is site monitoring The least problem perceived are in the design and IBS negative image category. Findings from this research is anticipated to give developers some insights on the implementation of IBS towards a more successful IBS project implementation.

The Role of the Total-Quality-Management (TQM) Drivers in Overcoming the Challenges of Implementing TQM in Industrialized-Building-System (IBS) Projects in Malaysia: Experts’ Perspectives

Total quality management (TQM) is a systematic management technique for developing a process-driven culture inside an organization to achieve quality and customer and employee satisfaction. TQM has started to impact global business systems, and is extensively regarded as a management “revolution”. The implementation of TQM in the industrialized building system (IBS) in Malaysian projects has not been treated in much detail, although it is essential. This research intended to assess TQM adoption in IBS projects and identify how TQM drivers will help to overcome TQM-implementation challenges. This study utilized the mixed method by developing a semi-structured interview and survey, while the respondents were experts from TQM and IBS consulting firms. The content-validity approach was used, depending on 14 interviews and 28 responses to a distributed questionnaire. The findings indicate that TQM adoption of IBS projects is extremely poor. According to experts, local firms are still unable to execute TQM because they are reluctant to implement the TQM system as a strategy implementation across the construction process. Furthermore, according to the content validity ratio (CVR), there was an agreement that TQM would provide substantial benefits to IBS projects, such as offering cooperative associations, excellent communication, enhanced customer gratification, cost reductions, and productivity improvements. This study provided practical evidence of the fact that if the organizations adopted these 23 drivers of TQM they could overwhelm the challenges of TQM implementation in IBS projects. Thus, the stated factors were trustworthy, as indicated in the transcripts of interviews, and relying on the plurality of expert assessments. This study offers a valuable list of challenges and drivers for managers of the projects as guidelines to help them adopt TQM in IBS projects.

Implementation of total quality management (TQM) in malaysian industrialized building system (IBS) projects

Total Quality Management could be defined as a transformation in management style aimed at constantly increasing customer satisfaction via the design and improvement of organizational systems and processes. It is critical to use an industrialized building system to increase project successful implementation. Awareness of TQM advantages and its application could greatly improve project efficiency and performance. A literature search on TQM was done to determine the TQM implementation present state and level of awareness in IBS construction projects. The purpose of this study is to identify the current TQM implementation status in IBS projects and determine its level of awareness and potential benefits from the Malaysian construction stakeholders’ perception. A mixed approach was applied in this research with the participation of consultants, contractors, clients, and academicians from various construction industry public and private sectors in Malaysia. The questionnaire survey was used to conduct the study. A total of 371 questionnaires were collected, for a sample size of 265. The findings indicated that most construction organizations are unaware of the TQM approach. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient achieved from the study was (0.934), indicating that the questionnaire was reliable. The statistical analysis revealed that increased efficiency, improved customer satisfaction, enhanced teamwork, increased profitability, and improved safety are the most essential TQM benefits that concerned the participants. Furthermore, the results of this study provide IBS construction practitioners with significant awareness of the components that empower TQM implementation in the construction sector. This study contributes to the understanding of TQM and project performance by demonstrating their capacity to enhance the Malaysian construction sector. Additionally, it was found that the Malaysian construction industry has not achieved a high level of quality implementation programs.

Risk Mitigation in Industrialized Building System (IBS) Construction

To encourage IBS in the Malaysian construction sector, the government and the CIDB have introduced programmes and initiatives to enhance the adoption of the Industrialized Building System (IBS). The introduction of the Master Plan for Construction Industry (CIMP 2006–2015) creates the opportunity for the construction industry’s future in Malaysia. It has highlighted the importance of IBS and its environmental in the construction industry. This paper aims to recommend risk mitigation strategies in Industrialized Building System projects in Malaysia. The quantitative methodology involved the questionnaire survey and gives out to 146 IBS practitioners in Malaysia construction and only about 34% had responded to this questionnaire. It was found that many participants were implementing risk mitigation in the IBS project and adequate knowledge is essential in reducing risk on the IBS project. The risk factors that must be considered when implementing IBS construction are design, managerial, financial, safety and logistical factors which are design defects, poor understanding and monitoring skills in IBS construction, high material cost, poor safety scheduling, and difficulties transport IBS components. To address and overcome the risk factors, some risk mitigation strategies are proposed with the risk associated with the Industrialized Building System (IBS) projects. It is recommended that the implementation of the standardization of the IBS module, enhance the use of BIM in the IBS project, training and guidance to improve financial strategies, integrating the advanced Avs and Just-in- Time delivery is highlighted as risk mitigation strategies in IBS construction.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Malaysian Industrialised Building System (IBS) Construction Projects: Benefits and Challenges

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a digital depiction of a developed facility that provides an essential line of ‘integration’ in Industrialised Building System (IBS). BIM, according to the researchers, can help IBS building projects save money and improve budgeting and cost estimating. In the case of the IBS project, BIM has the ability to improve the design process. The building industry in Malaysia, on the other hand, is not progressing as predicted, contributing the least to economic productivity. In relation, BIM adoption would be a key factor of the breakthrough development of construction industry in term of the productivity and efficiency of the project delivery process. Thus, the objectives of this paper is to determine the benefits of using BIM in IBS construction and to identify the challenges of using BIM in IBS building in Malaysia. In Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, a questionnaire survey was given to 93 Grade 7 IBS contractors with BIM experience, 44 of them answered, resulting in a 47.3 percent response rate. Using SPSS software, the data was analysed using frequency analysis and the direct mean approach. According to the findings, the top five benefits of BIM implementation in the IBS industry are visualisation of design, improved cost estimating and budgeting, monitoring and controlling cash flow and cost, installation process, and initial work process, while the top five challenges of implementing BIM in the IBS construction industry in Malaysia are high costs for BIM training, BIM tools and experts, and lack of intellectual property protection. The outcome indicates that implementing BIM in IBS industry benefits the whole project delivery process from design to installation as well as cost performance. However, the financial and legal issues are the main challenges for BIM implementation in IBS industry. Thus, this study is significant in addressing both benefits and challenges of implementing BIM in IBS industry to the stakeholders and provide a perspective to catalyse the development of BIM and IBS construction industry.

Assessing Site Waste Management Practices and Cost Between Conventional and Industrialised Building System (IBS) Projects in Malaysia

The Urban development and demands in the construction industry and the increasing population numbers have positively contributed to the rising waste generation. The growth and expansion of construction activities enhanced the problem of waste generation on construction sites. In the Malaysian construction industry, there is a pressing issue of minimising construction waste, which causes significant impacts on the environment. Malaysia is moving towards better construction waste management; however, there is still insufficient collection and improper construction waste disposal in projects site. Practices to reduce, reuse, or recycle waste have not yet achieved widespread implementation due to the cost incurred in handling and transporting the physical waste to the dumpsite. Thus, adopting an Industrialised Building System (IBS) has been one alternative to the conventional construction method to reduce construction waste. The research aim is to compare site waste management practices between conventional and IBS projects. The research examines the types of site waste generated from construction project activities, the types of site waste management practices, and the cost involved in managing site waste. The research methodology used qualitative research and used a case study approach. The data is gained from semi- structured interviews with conventional and IBS contractors in Malaysia. The analysis is based on cross-case analysis and pattern matching. Findings from semi-structured interviews based on six comparative case studies revealed that there are some differences between the types of site waste generate by the conventional and IBS projects due to some causes such as improper storage and wrong handling material. Adopting an IBS can greatly minimize construction waste, saving the cost of materials, and improve the environmental performance for overall site conditions. This research shows that the government should play an important role by encourage all the construction company to implement IBS as the new way in minimizing the construction waste.

Towards the success of Building Information Modelling implementation: A fuzzy-based MCDM risk assessment tool

The adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) brings numerous benefits to Industrialised Building System (IBS) construction projects. However, implementing new technologies in a complex environment involves several risks such as having insufficient information, an increase in short-term costs, and reluctance to share information. This research aims to develop a prototype risk assessment tool (PRAT) for identifying and evaluating the risk factors associated with implementing BIM in IBS construction projects. The “Fuzzy Delphi Method” was employed to identify the critical risk factors, while “DEMATEL” and the “Parsimonious-fuzzy analytic network process” were employed for data analyses. The novelty of this research is twofold: developing a risk assessment tool for BIM-based IBS projects and employing a hybrid, comprehensive, and efficient method for model development. PRAT consists of six main parts: instructions and opening window; modifiable database, pairwise comparison modules 1 and 2, calculation, and result window. After refining the risk factors, PRAT analyses the risk of BIM-based IBS projects considering thirty-two risk factors. The results of PRAT implementation show that it enables users to prioritise the risk factors, considering their importance and interdependencies, with an understandable procedure by the managers. Hence, it increases the possibility of successful BIM implementation for IBS construction companies.

Review of Industrialized Buildings Experience in Malaysia: An Example of a Developing Country

Building industry is currently under pressing need to move towards a sustainable and productive practice. The demand in residential projects keeps on rising, especially in developing countries. The Industrialized Building System (IBS) is deemed to be more sustainable compared to the traditional construction that uses bricks and mortar. However, there is limited uptake for IBS, especially in the housing sector. The lack of incentives and small-scale projects among main factors impede the increase of implementing IBS in residential projects. Around 5 million housing units have been built in Malaysia by both private and public sector since the first IBS housing project is commenced in 1966. Yet, the gap between supply and demand is around 43% (shortage) with small share for IBS in the housing sector. This study Examined IBS projects growth in term of scale, type and classification development in Malaysian context. Then, analysed reasons, impacts and expected results when employing IBS in Malaysia. The findings illustrate the timeline of IBS establishment and development of IBS housing and building projects in Malaysia. This study tracked the development of IBS with greater focus on housing. Moreover, this study reviewed and analysed the way forward to uplift IBS implementation to a higher level. Finally, this study will guide future research and draw the line for other developing countries to follow the path and learn from such experience.

Facilities Management (FM) in Industrialized Building System (IBS) Projects in Malaysia: Challenges and Strategies for Improvement

Facilities management (FM) involves the amalgamation of organizational procedures towards upholding and developing services to better the efficiency of its core activities. FM plays a significant role for success in projects whereby it offers a better working environment, value for money, cost and risk management, etc. which is all important criteria for achieving a successful project. This paper, therefore through literature reviews, explores the elements of FM, its practices in the construction industry including in Malaysia from the perspective of IBS projects. Further to that, interviews were also conducted with five (5) experts of the Malaysian construction industry whereby each of them possesses a minimum of 10 years of working experience towards getting an insight into their understanding as well as to gain information from their vast experiences. They were also asked to highlight the challenges and difficulties that were faced as well as to propose ways forward to improve the scenario. In short, respondents generally had different point of view regarding the FM practices but agreed that the structural design of the building highly influences the building FM practices. The findings also showed that while conventional projects offer more opportunity to save cost; performing FM in IBS project makes maintenance works quicker although it also requires higher quality and lifelong span of services under efficient management. In overall, performing FM in IBS projects have its own advantages and downfalls which need to be well considered beforehand.

Case Studies on Sustainability Factors for Industrialised Building System (IBS)

This paper presents the outcomes of a case study to test the ability of the Guidelines for Sustainable Construction of Industrialized Building System (GSCIBS). An assessment on the implementation of IBS related guidelines in real projects contributes towards the improvement of these guidelines and ensure the significance of the decision tools in promoting sustainability. In addition, the process involved when using the GSCIBS also demonstrated how the guidelines can be used to assist designers when making a selection with regard to sustainability. Three case projects were selected based on their characteristics (location, accessibility of information, building construction, IBS project with high impact to community and high percentage IBS Score). The projects were categorized as non-residential buildings. Semi-structured interviews and documents’ review were conducted to gather information from the respondents. In total, there are eleven (11) respondents who participated in the case study analysis. The confirmation by the industry participants shows that the guidelines are applicable and suitable to be used in Malaysia. The literal replication was achieved and provides strong evidence that the number of case studies is appropriate. The participants’ comments and suggestions were taken into account in synthesising the project outputs. As a result, the GSCIBS are significant in improving sustainable deliverables of IBS application.

Cost perspective for sustainability in Industrialised Building System (IBS) projects

Since 1998, the Construction Development Industry Berhad (CIDB) has been long promoting Industrialised Building System (IBS) in Malaysia. However, the use of IBS has not achieved an impressive number which only 10% and 50% have widely used in the past said CIDB in 2006. This research study focused on why IBS practice is still in an unconvincing market state of use and how sustainability in its cost perspective influences the use of IBS in each project. A questionnaire has been developed consists of four sections and has been distributed to 30 respondents in different IBS projects within the Selangor area in Malaysia. The data has been analysed using SPSS 23 software to determine the descriptive statistics and rank regarding the issues of implementing of IBS in the industry based on a cost perspective. The research study determined the level of understanding of IBS acceptance and awareness among the Malaysian construction industry. The findings encountered the main problems by constructions player while implementing IBS. In conclusion, strategies and recommendations are also suggested.

Construction Procurement in Industrialised Building System

The government, through CIDB Malaysia have continuously promoting Industrialised Building System (IBS) to increase the immense efficiency of the building performance structure. However, the level of IBS adoption among the construction players in Malaysia is still low and far from the government expectation. It is evident that most of the IBS projects developments in Malaysia are still conducted by using the conventional procurement method. This creates a number of issues such as reworks, time delay, rising cost, lack of communication and integration problem. Thus, this paper will identify existing procurement process used for IBS projects in Malaysia construction industry. Identifying existing procurement process helps in providing significant elements before creation of a more effective new procurement for IBS projects in Malaysia. Expert interviews was used, whereby 5 (five) interviews sessions were conducted with IBS experts in Malaysia construction industry. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the interview result by identifying the existing procurement process adopted in current IBS projects. Findings from expert interviews showed that there are three different procurement process commonly applied in current IBS projects. Result also shown that one of the significant barriers to IBS adoption is the current practice of procurement and team integration. Therefore, a more effective new procurement for IBS projects should be considered and pursued urgently in order to improve IBS implementation in the Malaysian construction industry.

Success Factors Among Industrialised Building System (IBS) Contractors in Malaysia

Construction joint ventures in Malaysia are become increasingly popular both with local and foreign companies in order to achieve their individual objectives. The contractors need to know the success factors, which were consider critical for their JVs to be successful. This paper aims to identify the success factors of joint venture projects among IBS contractors in Malaysia. Questionnaires were distributed to 200 IBS contractors registered under the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) in Malaysia with fifteen percent (15%) replied. Questionnaire consists of information regarding the level of joint venture acceptance and the success factors of joint ventures among IBS contractors. It was found that there were nine (9) factors of success which were experienced workforce and technical capability, skilled labour for site installation, good working collaboration, coordination of design, manufacture and construction, effective communication channel and close relationship with suppliers or contractor. It is recommended that these nine factors are considered as the key success factors of joint venture among IBS contractors. It is hope that those factors will provide useful guidelines for all contractors whom intend to pursue the joint venture on IBS projects.

Perspectives on issues and the application of the innovative procurement approaches for the Industrialised Building System (IBS)

Malaysia is making an aggressive effort of transformation to become a fully developed country. As one of the pillars for transformation, the construction industry has been undergoing a major reform with regard to the traditional method of construction. In recent years, the Industrialised Building System (IBS) has been promoted extensively with the government taking a lead with the practice. Studies showed that IBS has been able to expedite construction process, improve the time taken to accomplish a project, improve building quality, able to control cost and human resources, which in overall, raise occupational health and safety standard of construction. Despite, as most IBS projects were carried out under the traditional procurement method, the full benefits of IBS are somehow obscured. Several issues such as work delay, lack of communication and integration, lack of knowledge and an increase in cost, which are synonymous to the traditional procurement method appear to outweigh the benefit of IBS. Hence, this research aims to suggest an alternative to the traditional procurement method with regard to IBS project implementation. The focus of this research has been on the challenges and innovative procurement methods most suited for IBS project. Two objectives were outlined: (1) to identify issues faced by the client on current procurement method in IBS project; and (2) to identify the client’s perspective on innovative procurement method most suited for IBS project. Data for this research was collected through semi-structured interviews with five respondents from five major developers having experience in IBS project implementation. The results from the thematic analysis revealed that apart from the common issues which ascend from the sequential nature of the traditional procurement method, design integration issue was opined to aggravate the situation. Unanimously, respondents agreed that partnering is the way forward for IBS project implementation in the Malaysian construction industry. This research contributes by providing important pointers for the local construction industry to move forward with IBS project implementation.

Monetary and Non-Monetary Indicators of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Industrialised Building System Project: An Initial Conceptual Model

Industrialised Building System (IBS) is known as a construction system that consists of a combination of components manufactured either on-site or off-site then positioned and assembled into structures. Among the benefits of IBS construction includes labour cost reduction, support desirable environment, maximize efficient use of resources and waste minimisation towards sustainable construction. However, Malaysian construction industry still has a low take-up rate on IBS construction. Hence, to promote the project’s viability via IBS, ideally, the benefits of IBS are more reliable to be presented in tangible (monetary) value and intangible (non-monetary) basis rather than descriptive benefits. Therefore, Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) can be used in order to identify the soft issue or non-direct cost and elicits more transparency in IBS projects. This paper presents the conceptual review of the fundamental theory of CBA on the measurement of cost and benefits that can be converted as a weighing impact for an IBS project. An initial conceptual model known as CBA-IBS model is proposed as an approach that a decision maker can use to find the balance between the amount of effort invested in the initial cost of IBS construction and the realised revenues This study concluded that CBA is able to highlight the viability of IBS for construction in more comprehensive criteria of monetary and non-monetary benefits. This paper is a review of previous studies on monetary and non-monetary indicators of CBA that suit with IBS project. The study is supported by existing literature, primarily in the most recent research, which supports the indicators of CBA. From the literature reviews, sets of monetary and non-monetary indicators of CBA that related to IBS is obtained. The result of this study will provide novel ideas to optimize sustainable construction and prolong sustainability in design, financial, buildability, operation, life-cycle and environmental aspects. CBA-IBS model will be introduced as a theoretical basis for decision-makers in adopting IBS for their construction projects.

Determining factors for enhanced skilled worker requirements in IBS construction projects in Malaysia

Industrialized Building System (IBS) refers to prefabrication and offsite construction in Malaysia. The construction industry embraces IBS for better construction quality with reduced failure risks and cost effectiveness. This method is highly supported by the Malaysian government through Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia. However, IBS demands workforce that is skilled enough to produce and install construction components either on-site or off-site. The workers are deemed to be knowledgeable in handling materials, methods, and tools for constructing structures like houses, buildings, highways and roads. In fact, workers involved in construction projects are often found with low knowledge, skills, and accustomed to conventional methods instead of IBS. This research aimed at determining factors that may contribute enhancing skilled worker requirements for improving the implementation of IBS construction projects in Malaysia. The questionnaires were used to collect data from contractors involved in IBS construction projects in Malaysia. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0 software was used to analyse the collected data. The results show that skilled labour with awareness of IBS implementation can handle and implement IBS projects properly. The results of this work revealed that the skilled workers also ensure the projects can be accomplished on time with better quality. The usage of foreign workforce can be minimized by encouraging local labours to participate in IBS as skilled workers, which enhances the market share of construction industry in Malaysian economy. This research provides valuable information regarding the importance of skilled workers and addresses the role of stakeholders in improving knowledge in IBS construction.

A Cause of Communication Failure in Managing Industrialized Building System (IBS) Projects: A Perspective View from Project Managers

An effective communication process is an important element in distributing information to various project teams. The previous study demonstrates the importance of communication in the project management process in order to encourage project delivery processes successfully. Unfortunately, the issue of communication still dominates Industrialization Building System (IBS) because the project development process are still based on traditional methods. This research aims to explore the cause of communication challenges between construction players in managing IBS projects. The research methodology implemented for this paper was a semi-structured interview approach used to investigate the communication problem. Five experienced project managers were chosen from across the industry. The findings of this study are valuable for improving the communication level of project teams, which will indirectly increase the level of the IBS project delivery process and strengthen team integration on IBS projects in Malaysia.

Implication of Industrialised Building System (IBS) : The Case of Trade Contractors in Malaysia

To further enhance the efficiency, capacity and capability of the Malaysian construction industry, the government has been aggressively championing the use of Industrialised Building System (IBS). However, several studies have pointed out that the trade contractors are very concern with the increasing use of IBS in the country because it will reduce their business opportunities. Therefore, the research is dedicated to address issues faced by the trade contractors with the adoption of IBS. The objectives of this paper are to uncover the impact of IBS to the trade contractors and to suggest solutions to address issues faced by the trade contractors with the implementation of IBS. A fundamental of the methodology is to adopt multiple case studies approach. These projects adopted both conventional and IBS construction method. A number of 8 projects were selected. Interview sessions are conducted with trade and main contractors. Collected data is then modelled by using the combination of fuzzy theory set and simple multi-attribute rating technique. Main contractors’ input on several success factors that lead to the penetration of trade contractors in IBS is evaluated. Some degree of involvement of trade contractors in IBS projects is recommended. It is significant for the trade contractors to obtain skills for IBS approach besides their existing crafts. Furthermore, the trade contractors are suggested to register themselves as IBS components installer as this does not involve high investment capital or they can join the other companies to increase their technical and financial capacity. These findings will inform on numerous policy initiatives to manage the business sustainability of the domestic trade contractors, to improve construction methods, then to modernise and upgrade the construction industry within the country.

Innovative Procurement Adoption for Industrialised Building System (IBS) Projects

Industrialised Building System [IBS] is a new method that used prefabrication components in building construction as an alternative towards enhancing construction performance. The Construction Industry Development Board [CIDB] embraced the IBS method to enhance productivity and building quality, reduce wastage on site, increase occupational safety and health, and reduce overall cost of construction. Currently, most of the IBS project developments in Malaysia are still adopting traditional procurement system. However, traditional procurement system has been criticised for its fragmented procedure to project delivery in terms of integration and collaboration of the project team. As a result of that problem, a number of issues have recently arisen such as reworks, time delay, rising costs, lack of communication and coordination, and wastages. The purpose of this research is to identify challenges of the current procurement system and to investigate the possibilities of implementing innovative type of procurement method for IBS implementation. A deductive research approach was adopted. Reviewing relevant literature before embarking into any academic research project is one way of exploring a known theory in a holistic manner. It also appears to be one of an essential feature to create a firm foundation for the research. Based on extensive literature reviews; this paper describes what are initiatives that have been taken from developed nations which are known as earlier IBS adopters and through the findings these experiences may shed some light on the type of procurement that have been adopted. This study was conducted among Grade 7 IBS contractors in Malaysia to gain further clarification on the immensity of the issues as well as assessing the research instrument. The findings from this study reveal that financial matters, lack of early involvement, lack of integration and coordination, knowledge and understanding, role and responsibility, risk liability, communication and information, attitude and relationship matters are challenges embedded in the existing procurement approach in adopting IBS. Suggestion on how innovative type of procurement method such as Separation of IBS from Main Contract, Partnering and Integrated Project Delivery [IPD] will be able to minimise the fragmentation gaps will be concluded.

Critical Factors Affecting the Quality of Industrialized Building System Projects in China

Whilst the benefits of applying an industrialized building system (IBS) have been well recognized globally in the construction industry, the application of IBS is particularly limited in developing countries such as China, and quality is considered one of the key issues affecting its application. This paper identifies a number of the key quality factors which present barriers to the promotion of IBS within the context of the Chinese construction industry. These include key factors such as “Inaccurate design of the connecting points between core components”, “Lack of design norms and standards for IBS components”, “Lack of quality criteria for IBS components”, “Lack of production norms and standards for IBS components”, “Lack of quality management system in production process”, and “Lack of technical guidelines for the construction of IBS projects”. The data used for analysis are derived from a comprehensive practical survey. The validity of the data is examined by using a statistical method. The findings from the study provide valuable references for formulating effective measures to mitigate the negative effects of these quality factors on IBS application in China, thereby ensuring that practice of the IBS system can be further developed within the country.