Industrial Water Treatment Plant Research Articles

Machine Learning Based Coagulant Rate Decision Model for Industrial Water Treatment Plant

Machine Learning Based Coagulant Rate Decision Model for Industrial Water Treatment Plant

Electrocatalytic detection of Hg(II) using a platinum electrode modified with composite film of cobalt(II) phthalocyanine tetra-substituted with 1-(methoxymethyl)-benzotriazole groups and co-electropolymerized polypyrrole

The presence of mercury adversely affects the daily lives of humankind due to its acute toxicity and environmental persistence. Therefore, the development of cost-effective smart materials which can allow the real time, ultrasensitive and discriminatory monitoring of mercury concentrations in industrial and municipal water treatment plants is an imperative. It is foreseen that this proposed water quality assurance measure will be of utmost importance to identify the culprits for the wide prevalence of this heavy metal ion in the environment. Herein, a platinum electrode (Pt) was modified via the simultaneous electropolymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) and the co-electrodeposition of tetra-[4-((1H-benzotriazole)methoxy)phthalocyaninato]cobalt(II) (CoPc-Bzt, 2, (Btz = benzotriazole)). The complementary electrode modification processes were performed in a 1:1 (v: v) DMF: acetonitrile containing 1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte solution over 20 cycles using cyclic voltammetry to afford the chemically modified electrode (CME), Pt|PPy/2. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) was used to detect Hg(II) ions using the CME within a 10 µM to 100 µM linear range while calculated limits of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ) were determined as 3.11 and 10.00 µM, respectively. The analytical performance of the CME rendered a statistically accepted percentage recovery (97.4%) whereas that of Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) is 112.3%.

A Pilot Industrial Water Treatment Plant for the Primorskaya State District Power Plant Heating System

A Pilot Industrial Water Treatment Plant for the Primorskaya State District Power Plant Heating System

Study of the Operation of an Industrial Water Treatment Plant of the Northern Soft Drink Company Fez, Morocco

Study of the Operation of an Industrial Water Treatment Plant of the Northern Soft Drink Company Fez, Morocco

Use of Natural Zeolite to Improve Quality and Environmental Safety of Natural Surface Waters and Waste Surface Waters

Natural zeolites are materials which, due to the peculiarities of their crystal structure and high adsorption and ion exchange properties, have wide prospects for use in technologies of adsorption purification of aquatic environments. The paper presents the results of laboratory research in dynamic and static conditions of sorption properties of natural zeolite, which is currently used for purification of natural water from suspended solids in industrial water treatment plants. The sorption capacity of different fractions of this zeolite to ammonium nitrogen, fluorides and petroleum products has been established.

IDE Water Technologies nominated for GWI award

IDE Water Technologies, which specialises in the development, engineering, construction and operation of thermal and membrane-based desalination facilities and industrial water treatment plants, has been shortlisted for the ‘Desalination Company of the Year 2022’ award by Global Water Intelligence (GWI), which provides business information for the international water sector.

Design, Implementation and Evaluation of an Industrial Water Treatment System in El Coca, Ecuador in accordance with National Guidelines

Water treatment systems are necessary in every industrial complex, especially when operations are held in the vicinity of a rainforest. The main focus of this study was to implement an industrial water treatment plant at the facilities of Halliburton company located in El Coca, Ecuador, in order to treat effluents and reuse them for machine washing and discharge to the environment. In first instance, evaluations were made of the operational conditions of an obsolete water treatment plant in the facilities, to analyze the requirements of a new treatment system. Physical characteristics were analyzed by identifying leaks, cracks and corrosion of the treatment units. Laboratory analyzes of the treated water were reviewed and parameters exceeding Ecuadorian guidelines (Ministerial Agreement N° 097-A) were identified. Once the requirement for a new treatment system was justified, evaluations of physical, chemical and organoleptic parameters of the wastewater were carried out, in which the existing pollutants were identified and treatment stages were established to remove the pollutants, complying with the beneficiary's technical and economic specifications. Once the industrial wastewater treatment plant was built, conditioning was carried out at each of its stages, as well as all the industrial mechanisms involved. Finally, monitoring of parameters was carried out every week for a period of one month to guarantee the correct performance of the treatment plant and compliance with the guidelines of the country.

Occurrence and emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water treatment plant sludge in Taiwan

ABSTRACT The concentrations level and distribution of 16 US EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) from the water treatment plant (WTP), sewage treatment plant (STP), and industrial water treatment plant (ITP) sludge in Taiwan were determined and then assessed the sources, and potential toxicity (carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [CPAHs] and toxic BaP equivalent [TEQ]). Results indicated that the total concentrations of PAHs ranged between 58 and 16,436 μg/kg dw. Among the 17 samples, the 2-4 ring of total PAHs were the predominant compound in three kinds of treatment plant (> 60%). Especially, ITP1 owns 95.8% of 2-4 ring of total PAHs and ITP3 owns 54% of five- and six-ring of total PAHs. The molecular indices and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to determine the source contributions, with the results showing that the contributions of combustion/grass, coal or wood combustion and combustion/ liquid (oil) fossil fuel combustion. A PAH toxicity indicated by TEQ was 2.5–506 μg TEQ/g dw. Although, the results indicated that these were not recommended for land applications, but analyses are beneficial to develop effective management strategies for controlling PAH discharge in treatment plants and establishing strategies for its reuse in managing pollutants.

Modeling and evaluating performance of full-scale reverse osmosis system in industrial water treatment plant

Practical modeling for assessing the efficiency of a full-scale reverse osmosis (RO) system may be a challenging task. This is because the operating conditions of RO systems can change significantly in actual practice owing to high seasonal variations and different progress of membrane fouling during long-term filtration. Accordingly, it is difficult to reliably model the RO performance if such conditions are excluded. In this study, we model a full-scale installation of a RO membrane system, considering actual operations of the industrial water treatment plant. A numerical model is built to describe spatiotemporal behavior of (water, salt, and foulant) mass transport inside a full-dimension pressure vessel. By performing a global sensitivity analysis, we evaluate the relative importance of key influential factors on model accuracy and specific energy consumption (SEC). The model and its parameters are optimized based on the sensitivity result and validated using best-fitted time-series measurement data of 3875 h. The results demonstrate the practical behaviors of fouling development and separation performance of the primary RO process. A regression tree analysis of SEC for 27 different operational scenarios in simulations may benefit decision making for energy efficient RO. Results reveal the high dependence of SEC on cleaning frequency in the feed temperature range.

Distribution and environmental risk assessment of trace metals in sludge from multiple sources in Taiwan

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the level of the contaminant of the heavy metals in sludge from different sources and the ecological risk criteria associated with it was also analyzed to establish its reuse in agriculture. The sludge samples were collected from the water plant (WTP), wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and industrial water treatment plant (IPT) in Taiwan. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure the trace metals in sludge. The pollution level and ecological risk criteria for heavy metals in sludge were also used to evaluate its reuse in agriculture. The result shows the average concentrations of trace metals in sludge for three groups (WTP, WWTP, and ITP). Significant correlations were found between concentrations of Zn-Ag (p < 0.001). The higher values of I geo showed in ITP, indicated Hg to be a major pollutant. In Taiwan, the regulations did not establish the reuse of sludge in agriculture. However, the concentration level of trace metals in sludge was particularly lower than the regular levels in most groups, like WTP and WWTP groups. The industrial sludge was not recommended for the use in agriculture. The results of this study can be used for regular monitoring to establish a reference for sludge management and application to agriculture.

Improvements of choice of the water-chemical regime of reserve osmosis installation

The effectiveness of monitoring the composition and intensity of deposits on reverse osmosis membranes is shown. The use of test installations of the NGO “NPK Mediana-Filter” speeds up and significantly reduces the labor intensity of monitoring deposits in the conditions of industrial operation of reverse osmosis installations. The effectiveness of determining the composition and intensity of deposits on the membrane surface using the energy dispersive analysis method was revealed. The effectiveness of commercial formulations for cleaning intensely contaminated membranes is not always sufficient. The use of ready-made solutions from various manufacturers excludes the possibility of a targeted selection of the concentration of a solvent to remove deposits from the membrane surface, provided that these solutions are safe for the operating parameters of the membranes. The monitoring results made it possible to implement a targeted choice of compositions of detergent mixtures, their combinations and the regime of their effect on deposits on membranes, provided that the pH of the solutions is stable throughout the entire cleaning time. Controlling the intensity of the formation of deposits according to the data of test installations will reduce the laboriousness of choosing the optimal water-chemical regime of an industrial reverse osmosis plant, which will reduce the rate of formation of deposits, increase the service life of membrane elements of an industrial water treatment plant with a consistently high quality of demineralized water.

Efecto del uso de lodo residual de las plantas de tratamiento de agua como un sustituto parcial de arcilla en la producción de ladrillos refractarios

The sludge generated from water treatment has been classified as a potential environmental pollutant. Because of its chemical composition similar to clay, was proposed to evaluate the effect of its incorporation as a partial substitute for traditional clay materials in the manufacture of aluminosilicate refractory bricks. The raw materials used were characterized by XRD and XRF; the prototypes designed were mixed, extruded, dried and firing at 1200°C, evaluating their linear shrinkage, apparent density, porosity, water absorption and mechanical and pyroscopic resistance (melting cone softening point). The results show the addition of 10% of sludges from industrial water treatment plant, contributedto elevate the softening point the clay that obtaining a refractory brick capable to supporting a temperature up to 1430 °C

Study of Industrial Black Water Treatment Plant Installation Planning System Based on Sewage Treatment Plant

Wastewater in general is water, in general, is a liquid that comes from households, industries, or other public places that usually contain materials or substances that can endanger human life and disturb the environment. Quid comes from households, industries, or other public places that usually contain materials or substances that can endanger human life and disturb the environment. This study to plan, analyze, and assess the performance conditions of wastewater treatment plants (IPAL) at PT XYZ Bekasi Regency on environmental quality standards. Data and information used are data on the amount of wastewater, sources of wastewater, and behavior of water use as well as secondary data in the form of data that the authors surveyed directly at the research location. The processing method of the output value of WWTP uses the research method of the laboratories from the research method in which the output value exceeds the quality standard of LHK Regulation No. 68 the Year 2016 and has exceeded its planning capacity. And what is identified is not safe. An alternative solution to the problem of unsafe output values ??is by planning a new wastewater treatment plant.

HPLC-MS/MS Method for Quantification of Pharmaceuticals in Subtropical Rivers and Water Treatment Plants in Brazil

A multiclass analytical method for the investigation of 25 pharmaceuticals in the main rivers of the four largest hydrographic basins and an industrial water treatment plant in Curitiba, Brazil was developed and validated. The analysis of the pharmaceuticals was done using SPE-HPLC-MS/MS. The LoD and LoQ concentrations were 10–100 ng L–1 and 20–200 ng L–1, respectively. The extraction and quantitation of the 25 compounds proved to be precise and accurate. Surface water samples collected during the spring of 2019 (n=16) were analyzed. Caffeine, lidocaine, sulfamethoxazole, and carbamazepine were the main compounds present in the river samples. Sulfamethoxazole was the antibiotic found in the highest concentrations. Other antibiotics, psychiatric drugs, anti-inflammatories, analgesics, antiretrovirals, and antidiabetics were also frequently detected and quantified. It was also observed that the treatment employed at the treatment station did not efficiently remove all pharmaceutics investigated. The results of this study indicate an intense anthropogenic influence in the Iguacu basin, mainly due to the presence of domestic sewage. The lack of sanitation has a negative impact on the water quality of the Iguacu River, which is highly degraded due to the influence of the tributaries of the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba.

Treatment Method Assessment of the Impact on the Corrosivity and Aggressiveness for the Boiler Feed Water

The aim of the study was the assessment of corrosivity and aggressiveness for boiler feed water. The negative effects of water corrosivity and aggressiveness may include silting up of the steel water supply system and the destruction of boiler equipment touched or washed by such water. They may cause the whole industrial production system to fail or be destroyed. That is why it was important to reach a high water purification level, including the calculation of water aggressiveness and corrosivity indicators. The carried out test showed that the simple system used before the modernization of the industrial water treatment plant is not sufficient to reach clean and stable water. The authors proposed modernization, including additional processes to improve boiler water quality, and designed new devices for water treatment. As a result of the new idea, groundwater taken as raw water was treated in individual and complex processes, such as pre-aeration, filtration, ion exchange (cation and anion exchange resigns), extra aeration, and extra degassing. The conducted research included chemical analyses of raw and treated water. In the conducted studies, the indirect method of water aggressiveness and corrosivity assessment was applied using mathematical calculation of the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), the Ryznar Stability Index (RI), the Larson–Skold Index (LI), and the Singley Index (SI). The results proved that the new proposed processes for the boiler feed water treatment station allow reaching a high water quality and low level of water aggressiveness and corrosion.

Verifying compliance of a metallic surface treatment company with bat requirements, to minimize emissions of pollutants in water

The main activity of the studied company is treatment and coating of metals (galvanizing plating), trapping and treatment of waste water. Galvanizing consists in creating a superficial diffusion layer of iron alloy. BATs (Best Available Techniques) do not necessarily mean the most advanced technique available, but the best technique from an economic point of view for a particular installation. Results of the research relate to compliance of the industrial water treatment plant to BAT best available techniques, in order to minimize pollutants discharged into the sewerage network. Furthermore, the current paper identifies possible dysfunctional problems of the galvanizing plant and of the sewage treatment plant and makes suggestions of remedies for possible technical and organizational problems.

Treatment of a pesticide industry wastewater mixture in a moving bed biofilm reactor followed by conventional and membrane processes for water reuse

The treatment of an industrial wastewater (Efmix) composed of sanitary wastewater (91.5%), pretreated wastewater from pesticide production (3.8%) and hazardous waste landfill leachate (4.7%) was investigated in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) at a hydraulic retention time of 6 h. Treated effluent was then mixed with surface water (EfMBBR + SW) in a 1:9 volumetric ratio and physicochemical processes (coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration and cartridge filter) were applied in lab-scale to reproduce the industrial water treatment plant and verify the efficiency of the combined process for wastewater reclamation. During the 90 days of operation, the moving bed biofilm reactor was efficient and stable regarding the removal of organic matter (64–89% in terms of chemical oxygen demand) and ammonium nitrogen (89–98%). Even with a fluctuating inlet chemical oxygen demand (230–721 mg/L), values below 100 mg/L were always achieved after biological treatment. Ammonium nitrogen (1.3 ± 0.6 mg NH4+-N/L) and nitrate (20 ± 4 mg NO3⁻-N/L) concentrations in treated wastewater showed that nitrification took place without inhibition throughout the bioreactor operation. Advanced treatment results indicated that a microfiltration or ultrafiltration unit must be coupled to the existing conventional reverse osmosis pretreatment in the water treatment plant in order to improve water quality concerning SDI15, turbidity and color, and thus allow for total reclamation of the industrial complex wastewater. An integrated conventional-microfiltration/ultrafiltration system could achieve high turbidity (99.9%) and apparent color (96.7%) removal to produce high quality water for reverse osmosis, minimizing membrane fouling problems and, consequently, the operational costs.

Methodological approaches to conducting pilot and proof tests on reverse-osmosis systems: Results of comparative studies

When designing large-scale water-treatment plants based on reverse-osmosis systems, it is proposed to conduct experimental-industrial or pilot tests for validated simulation of the operation of the equipment. It is shown that such tests allow establishing efficient operating conditions and characteristics of the plant under design. It is proposed to conduct pilot tests of the reverse-osmosis systems on pilot membrane plants (PMPs) and test membrane plants (TMPs). The results of a comparative experimental study of pilot and test membrane plants are exemplified by simulating the operating parameters of the membrane elements of an industrial plant. It is concluded that the reliability of the data obtained on the TMP may not be sufficient to design industrial water-treatment plants, while the PMPs are capable of providing reliable data that can be used for full-scale simulation of the operation of industrial reverse-osmosis systems. The test membrane plants allow simulation of the operating conditions of individual industrial plant systems; therefore, potential areas of their application are shown. A method for numerical calculation and experimental determination of the true selectivity and the salt passage are proposed. An expression has been derived that describes the functional dependence between the observed and true salt passage. The results of the experiments conducted on a test membrane plant to determine the true value of the salt passage of a reverse-osmosis membrane are exemplified by magnesium sulfate solution at different initial operating parameters. It is shown that the initial content of a particular solution component has a significant effect on the change in the true salt passage of the membrane.

Novel external-loop CO2-lift reactor for desilication of alkaline/surfactant/polymer produced water from oil well

Desilication is one of the most important pretreatment processes that prevent membrane fouling. In addition, it also increases the membrane flux during the filtration of alkaline/surfactant/polymer produced water. We developed a novel external-loop gas-lift reactor to enhance the filtration efficiency. In the modified reactor, CO2 was pressurized through a porous titanium sintered pipe (mean pore size: 1μm) to form uniform bubbles. The fine CO2 bubbles reacted with the highly soluble silicate in water to form polysilicic acid sediments. A two-phase gas-liquid flow was maintained with high mixing. Furthermore, a liquid-falling tube was used to enhance the liquid circulation velocity as the tube separated the gas-liquid phases. A blister type draft tube was introduced in the riser to increase the gas residence time. The well-known Euler model of computational fluid dynamics and the population balance model (PBM) were used to simulate and optimize the reactor. Compared to the original reactor R-1, the novel reactor R-3 had improved the liquid circulation velocity and gas holdup by 369.8% and 25.4%, respectively. The novel reactor R-3 decreased the silica content from 452.3 to 96.7mg·L−1 in ASP produced water; the removal efficiency of the novel reactor R-3 was 6.3% greater than the conventional external-loop air-lift reactor. The novel reactor should be used in industrial water treatment plants, because it shows better compatibility and efficiency in treating the large amount of oil and silicate in wastewater.

Building Relationships With a Marginalized Community in Iraq

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 183110, “To the Edge and Back: Building Relationships With a Marginalized Community in Iraq,” by Ilya Bourtman, BP; Hassan Al-Mudhaffar, Christopher Boyd, and Brendhan Skerritt, Rumaila Operating Organization; and Nicholas Abrahams, SPE, Social Risk Strategy, prepared for the 2016 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 7–10 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. A consortium of international and national Iraqi oil and gas companies took operatorship of the Qarmat Ali water-treatment plant, which is critical for oil production, in southern Iraq in 2013. Because of community protests, operations shut down for 6 months as the consortium strived to find the best way to work with the community. This paper explores how the consortium achieved success through engagement and by responding to community expectations for social investment while addressing the social effects of operations. Introduction The Rumaila oil field in southern Iraq southwest of Basra is the country’s largest producing oil field, accounting for more than 40% of Iraq’s budget revenues. Since 2009, Iraq’s state-owned South Oil Company has engaged an international consortium of oil and gas companies together with the State Oil Marketing Organization of Iraq through a technical service contract to operate and modernize the oil field. For the Rumaila oil field to continue producing 1.4 million BOPD, the consortium needs to inject more than 2 million BWPD by 2025. In 2013, the consortium began the refurbishment and expansion of the Qarmat Ali industrial water-treatment plant, a critical facility for injecting industrial water into the Rumaila oil field and thereby maintaining production. From the start, a historically marginalized adjacent community, accustomed to using force to raise concerns, continued to use force to react to construction work at Qarmat Ali. Construction was interrupted frequently by stand-downs, gunfire, rock throwing, violence, and intimidation. After months of strained community relations, construction was shut down for 6 months. With government representatives lacking community support and local security forces providing inadequate protection, management considered abandoning refurbishment and expansion work. Analytics To support the information-gathering process and begin the development of a new community-relations plan, the consortium commissioned a nongovernmental organization to gather data on baseline conditions in Qarmat Ali, undertaking 500 household interviews to provide a representative and diverse perspective on the thoughts, opinions, and recommendations of the community. The AMAR International Charitable Foundation was selected to spearhead a study because of its 20-year legacy of supporting vulnerable populations in southern Iraq and reliance on trained local staff to provide an understanding of the local context and needs of the community.