Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology Research Articles

Current regulates electron donors for heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms to enhance sulfate reduction in three-dimensional electrode biofilm reactors

The variability in industrial production often generates wastewater with an unstable carbon-to-sulfur ratio, challenging the concurrent removal of sulfate and organic compounds. Three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactor (3D-BER) technology offers a promising solution, compatible with both autotrophic and heterotrophic sulfate reduction. In this study, four up-flow 3D-BERs with gradient current levels were operated for nearly 400 days to treat simulated high-concentration sulfate wastewater. The effects of current intensity, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and influent carbon-to-sulfur ratio on sulfate and organic removal were investigated. The composition and functions of microbial communities were analyzed by metagenomic sequencing. The synergistic mechanism between heterotrophic and autotrophic sulfate reduction was examined by delineating their individual contributions to sulfate removal. Under optimized conditions (HRT 60 h, influent carbon-to-sulfur ratio of 1.7, and current intensity of 50 mA), the highest removal efficiencies for SO42- and COD reached 70.47 % and 85.58 %, respectively. Elevated current intensity increased the abundances of Desulfuromonadaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae and Methanobacteriaceae, while decreasing Anaerolineaceae and Geobacteraceae. Key genes involved in carbon fixation and hydrogen-relied sulfate reduction showed lower abundances at high current levels, whereas genes for direct electron uptake from the electrode were more abundant. Batch experiments demonstrated a synergistic effect between autotrophic and heterotrophic sulfate reduction, most pronounced at 50 mA. Our work successfully regulates electron donors for microbial reduction of high-concentration sulfate in 3D-BERs by manipulating current intensity, providing new insights into the application of bioelectrochemical technology for complex industrial wastewater treatment.

Gelatin Assisted Cerium–Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles as Efficient Catalysts for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green Oxalate Dye Under UV‐A Light

AbstractChemical, petroleum, and dyeing industries generate a wide variety of highly toxic organic wastes. The discharge of this wastewater into the river without treatment will spoil the entire aquatic system. The photocatalytic degradation of dyes/toxic chemicals is considered a favorable technology for industrial wastewater treatment. For this purpose, we have prepared an efficient nanocomposite material. The Gelatin assisted Cerium loaded CuS (Ge−Ce−CuS) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and characterized by BET, UV‐DRS, and PL measurements. The BET surface area of Ge−Ce−CuS (88.6 m2 g−1) is higher than bare CuS (66.0 m2 g‐1). DRS Confirms that the photo‐absorption of Ge−Ce−CuS nanocomposite significantly increases from the 570 nm range to the whole visible region. PL measurements confirm that the CuS loading suppresses electron‐hole recombination of Ge−Ce−CuS. The photocatalytic activity of Ge−Ce−CuS was investigated for the degradation of malachite green oxalate dye (MGO) in an aqueous solution using UV light. The influence of operational parameters such as the amount of photocatalyst, dye concentration, and initial pH on the photo mineralization of MGO dye has been analyzed and discussed. Slightly basic pH enhances the degradation. The mineralization of MGO dye has been confirmed by COD measurements. The intermediates formed during degradations were analyzed by GC‐MS, and a suitable degradation pathway was proposed. The catalyst is found to be reusable. The mechanism of degradation of MGO dye by Ge−Ce−CuS is also proposed.

Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) enhanced by nanoparticles and ionic liquid for extracting vanadium ions from wastewater.

Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) stands out as an extraction process that has drawn much attention due to its promising prospects in industrial wastewater treatment technology. Nevertheless, the pivotal challenge is to reach high membrane stability to overcome the obstacle of applying ELM at the industrial scale. In this study, ELM was boosted by using nanoparticles (superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe2O3)) in the stripping phase (W1) and ionic liquid (1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazolium-hexafluorophosphate [OMIM][PF6) in the oil phase (O) for recovering/extracting vanadium from synthetic wastewater to near completion and at the same time enhancing emulsion stability to be appropriate for industrial application. The vanadium recovery/extraction percentage has been raised significantly in 3min to 99.6% when adding 0.01% (w/w) Fe2O3 NPs (20 to 50nm in size) in the internal phase (W1) and 5% (v/v) [OMIM]PF6 ionic liquid in the oil phase (O). Also, the emulsion stability was considerably improved, and the leakage percentage was reduced to 16% after 3days. The results of this study could be used in the future to remove additional heavy metal ions from industrial effluents.

Research Progress on High Salinity and High COD Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology

In the production process of chemical products such as ethylene and epichlorohydrin, a large amount of industrial wastewater is generated, which has high salt content (over 3.5%), high COD value (over 10000mg·L-1), and characteristics such as biological inhibition and toxicity. At present, it is difficult for sewage treatment plants to effectively treat this type of wastewater. Therefore, the treatment of this type of industrial wastewater has become one of the main obstacles to the green development of the chemical industry. This article reviews the research progress on the generation and treatment technology of high salinity and high COD industrial wastewater, including physicochemical, biological, and physicochemical biological coupling methods. The next steps in the treatment of such industrial wastewater are proposed.

Cellulose-MIL-88A photocatalytic membrane to treat effluents containing dyes and oil emulsions

One of the major problems in semi-arid regions is the water shortage that has been exacerbated by industrial pollution of water sources. Photocatalytic membranes are a promising solution for treating different industrial effluents for water reuse. In this work, cellulose-MIL-88A membranes were produced by a single-step facile deposition of MIL-88A for separating dyes and emulsions from water followed by cleaning regeneration. The optimized membrane achieved a permeation flux of 5850 L h-1 m-2 bar-1 and a rejection rate of 91–100 % for RB5 textile reactive dye. After use, the clogged membrane was regenerated via photo-Fenton degradation using H2O2 and artificial solar light. After 30 cycles of filtration and regeneration, the membrane presented 98.1 % RB5 rejection rate with 74 % of the initial permeation flux. The membrane was able to separate oil-water emulsions containing diesel, soybean oil or n-hexane. In addition, it was possible to treat real industrial textile wastewater with an efficiency of 61 %. The cellulose-MIL88A photocatalytic membrane is a promising low-cost technology for industrial wastewater treatment using cellulose-based green material.

Advancements and Challenges in Membrane Bioreactor Technology for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Due to its success in achieving the majority of wastewater treatment objectives, Membrane Bioreactor Technology (MBR) has replaced the Conventional Activated Sludge Process (CAS) as the leading method for treating wastewater. Nowadays, the treatment of industrial wastewater become one of the world’s major concerns, MBR technologies are used more frequently. This technology has a bright future in wastewater treatment (especially industrial wastewater). In general, this article is designed to give a general view of various aspects of an MBR, with the aim of addressing and overcoming any potential drawbacks or limitations. In this work, the fouling in MBR technology its variations and mechanisms, influencing factors are also discussed in detail. However, membrane fouling is thought to be the biggest challenge this technology faces. One of the main agents that causes the fouling of the membrane is Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS), which results in a decrease in filterability and a decline in membrane flux, which affects the membrane lifespan. Furthermore, it looks into how to minimize membrane fouling in MBR systems and offers biological tactics to lessen the likelihood of membrane fouling in MBR technology. Finally, this work quoted also how artificial technology might help to increase removal effectiveness and prevent filtering membrane obstruction.

Industrial wastewater treatment using floating wetlands: a review.

Industrial wastewater generated from various production processes is often associated with elevated pollutant concentrations and environmental hazards, necessitating efficient treatment. Floating wetlands (FWs) have emerged as a promising and eco-friendly solution for industrial wastewater treatment, with numerous successful field applications. This article comprehensively reviews the removal mechanisms and treatment performance in the use of FWs for the treatment of diverse industrial wastewaters. Our findings highlight that the performance of FWs relies on proper plant selection, design, aeration, season and temperature, plants harvesting and disposal, and maintenance. Well-designed FWs demonstrate remarkable effectiveness in removing organic matter (COD and BOD), suspended solids, nutrients, and heavy metals from industrial wastewater. This effectiveness is attributed to the intricate physical and metabolic interactions between plants and microbial communities within FWs. A significant portion of the reported applications of FWs revolve around the treatment of textile and oily wastewater. In particular, the application reports of FWs are mainly concentrated in temperate developing countries, where FWs can serve as a feasible and cost-effective industrial wastewater treatment technology, replacing high-cost traditional technologies. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that the treatment efficiency of FWs can be significantly enhanced through strategies like bacterial inoculation, aeration, and co-plantation of specific plant species. These techniques offer promising directions for further research. To advance the field, we recommend future research efforts focus on developing novel floating materials, optimizing the selection and combination of plants and microorganisms, exploring flexible disposal methods for harvested biomass, and designing multi-functional FW systems.

Development and implementation of industrial wastewater treatment technologies

The results of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute the Department of Bioenergetics, Bioinformatics and Ecobiotechnology researches in two directions: 1 - research into the processes of physical and chemical purification of industrial wastewater of a number of industrial enterprises from antibiotics, heavy metal ions, synthetic surfactants, etc. pollutants, and the development of local cleaning technologies before discharging pre-treated wastewater into the city's drainage network; 2 – study of processes of biological wastewater treatment of industrial enterprises with deep removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds using immobilized microorganisms. The greatest decrease in the COD index was observed in the processes of coagulation and settling of wastewater of a pharmaceutical enterprise. The effects of purification according to the COD indicator in the case of using ferrous sulfate III were 76.0% and 72.2% for the initial values of COD of untreated wastewater, respectively, 90 and 120 mg/dm3. For biological purification, microorganisms immobilized on VIA carriers were used in oxygen conditions created in model bioreactors - anaerobic, anoxic, aerobic. To increase the biomass, we used nylon textured thread according to TU 6-06-S116-87 with a fiber diameter of 1.5-2.5 mm and a microfiber diameter of 100 μm. The specific surface area was 4000-5000 m2/m3. The average concentration of biomass in bioreactors by dry matter, g/dm3, was: in anaerobic I – 30; in anaerobic II – 24; in anoxic I - 16.8; in anoxic II - 5.4; in aerobic - 3.2. Biological treatment of industrial wastewater using immobilized microorganisms made it possible to obtain high pollutant removal effects. The indicators of purified wastewater were: COD - 50-80 mg/dm3; BODfull - 15-20 mg/dm3; suspended substances - up to 15 mg/dm3; compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus - within the norm for discharge into natural water bodies. The developed technologies were implemented at industrial enterprises, the savings in energy costs amounted to 40-45%, the high quality of purified water was ensured in accordance with the current standards for discharge into the city drainage system and into natural reservoirs.

Treatment and Prospects of Industrial Wastewater with Biochar

As the process of industrialization accelerates, finding effective methods for industrial wastewater treatment has become an important task in the field of environmental protection. However, despite the preparation methods and properties of biochar have been studied, its large-scale application in industrial wastewater treatment has not yet been fully understood and clarified. This paper first analyzes the industrial wastewater to be treated, and combines the mechanism of biochar in treating industrial wastewater, elaborates the cases of biochar applied in real life and the corresponding difficulties. The research results show that biochar is a material with good application potential for industrial wastewater treatment. Its high specific surface area and rich surface functional groups give it good adsorption capacity for various pollutants in industrial wastewater. In addition, the adsorption performance of biochar can be optimized by adjusting its preparation and application conditions. Future research should further explore the long-term stability of biochar in the treatment of industrial wastewater, as well as its application effect in the actual industrial environment. In addition, the development of efficient, economical, and controllable technologies for the preparation and application of biochar, and promoting its large-scale application in industrial wastewater treatment, are also important directions for future research. The research in this paper is of great significance for understanding and utilizing biochar for the treatment of industrial wastewater. The results not only help to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of industrial wastewater treatment, but also provide new ideas and methods for the high-value utilization of waste biomass. Therefore, this research has important theoretical and practical value for promoting the development of industrial wastewater treatment technology and achieving sustainable utilization of environmental protection and resources.

Mesoporous PdO–loaded WO3 nanocrystals: A promising photocatalyst for highly efficient photoreduction of nitrobenzene to aniline under visible light

BackgroundNitrobenzene (NTB) conversion to aniline (AN) is a key technology for large-scale industrial chemical production and wastewater treatment. Accordingly, photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene has emerged as a green technology to produce aniline. MethodsThis study offers a simple nontoxic surfactant-assisted fabrication of mesoporous tungsten oxide (WO3) nanostructures accompanied by the incorporation of tiny contents (0.5‒2.0 wt%) of palladium oxide (PdO) nanoparticles through impregnation and calcination. Significant findingsPhysicochemical investigations of fabricated heterostructures revealed the formation of mesoporous surfaces and showed the implication of PdO loading on textural and optoelectronic characteristics of WO3. Only 2.0 wt% PdO on the WO3 surface caused a notable decline in the energy bandgap from 2.77 to 1.07 eV, confirming visible light-harvesting improvement. The prepared PdO–loaded WO3 was examined for NTB photoreduction to AN. The optimum content of 1.5 wt% PdO/WO3 (2.0 g L–1) exhibited a complete phototransformation of NTB to AN after only 40 min with excellent reusability and recyclability. The PdO loading significantly facilitated photoinduced charge carriers’ separation and mobility through the construction of Step (S)-scheme heterojunction. This work opens the door for developing semiconductor-based photocatalysis as a green process for effectively converting contaminated water into useful value-added chemicals.

Electrocoagulation process as an alternative treatment of petroleum industry liquid waste and renewable energy sources

Industrial wastewater treatment technology that is environmentally friendly and renewable energy are two critical issues that have not been resolved. Electrocoagulation technology offers a liquid waste treatment process that simultaneously produces hydrogen gas as a renewable alternative energy source. In this study, an attempt was made to observe the ability of the electrocoagulation process to remove pollutants from the wastewater of the petroleum industry, which is represented by a phenol solution. Meanwhile, electrocoagulation also produces hydrogen gas along the process. Based on observations solution’s pH, voltage and processing time, it was found that the optimal conditions for processing liquid waste containing phenol were obtained by using voltages of 20 volts in a waste solution with a pH 10. The process was carried out within 3 hours. The obtained phenol removed 22 % and hydrogen gas as much as 123.31 mmol/m2 at the end of the process. The development of this process is considered quite intriguing to utilize wastewater treatment as a new renewable energy source.

Fabrication of nano composite membrane filter from graphene oxide(GO) and banana rachis cellulose nano crystal(CNC) for industrial effluent treatment

Agricultural bio-waste based cellulosic materials are highly biodegradable and naturally occurring with high adsorption and capable of outstanding physico-chemical properties. This study elicits neoteric upliftment and impending significance of graphene oxide(GO) – cellulose nanocrystal(CNC) nano-filter composite membrane (NFCM) for high removal of Cr3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Methylene blue molecules from industrial wastewater. We tried to direct comparison between conventional filter and NFCM composites filter and their physical and chemical properties, production costs, use and disposal in order to show the potential of Nano structural cellulose materials as a sustainable replacement for NFCM filter for removal of heavy metals and dyes from industrial wastewater treatment technologies. The prepared GO, CNC, and NFCM were characterized by using X-ray Diffraction(XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis(TGA) etc. The efficiency of wastewater purification of fabricated NFCM were determined by Ultra Violet(UV)-vis spectrophotometer and Inductively Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy(ICP-OES). Whereas the fabricated NFCM were highly crystalline, thermally stable, have good surface activity, exhibit remarkable removal efficiency against the toxic heavy metals and soluble dye. The maximum R% was found for Cd2+ and Pb2+, around 99%. Beside this all dye molecules were removed from the wastewater simultaneously and successfully.

Biofilm-based technology for industrial wastewater treatment: current technology, applications and future perspectives.

The microbial community in biofilm is safeguarded from the action of toxic chemicals, antimicrobial compounds, and harsh/stressful environmental circumstances. Therefore, biofilm-based technology has nowadays become a successful alternative for treating industrial wastewater as compared to suspended growth-based technologies. In biofilm reactors, microbial cells are attached to static or free-moving materials to form a biofilm which facilitates the process of liquid and solid separation in biofilm-mediated operations. This paper aims to review the state-of-the-art of recent research on bacterial biofilm in industrial wastewater treatment including biofilm fundamentals, possible applications and problems, and factors to regulate biofilm formation. We discussed in detail the treatment efficiencies of fluidized bed biofilm reactor (FBBR), trickling filter reactor (TFR), rotating biological contactor (RBC), membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for different types of industrial wastewater treatment. Besides, biofilms have many applications in food and agriculture, biofuel and bioenergy production, power generation, and plastic degradation. Furthermore, key factors for regulating biofilm formation were also emphasized. In conclusion, industrial applications make evident that biofilm-based treatment technology is impactful for pollutant removal. Future research to address and improve the limitations of biofilm-based technology in wastewater treatment is also discussed.

Structural design of the electrospun nanofibrous membrane for membrane distillation application: a review.

Although membrane distillation (MD) is a promising technology for water desalination and industrial wastewater treatment, the MD process is not widely applied in the global water industry due to the lack of a suitable membrane for the MD process. The design and appropriate manufacture are the most important factors for MD membrane optimization. The well-designed porous structure, superhydrophobic surface, and pore-wetting prevention of the membrane are vital properties of the MD membrane. Nowadays, electrospinning that is capable of manufacturing membranes with superhydrophobic or omni phobic properties is considered a promising technology. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) possess the characteristics of cylindrical morphology, re-entrant structure, and easy-shaping for a specific purpose, benefiting the membrane design and modification. Based on that, this review investigates the current state and future progress of the superhydrophobic, multi-layer, and omniphobic ENMs manufactured with various structural designs for seawater desalination and wastewater purification. We expect that this paper will provide some recommendations and guidance for further fabrication research and the configuration design of ENMs in the MD process for seawater desalination and wastewater purification.

Kinetic Study for Startup of Aerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor in Treatment of Textile Dye Wastewater.

Due to high augmentation in population and low availability of land, the quantum of wastewater production has surged resulting in advancements in wastewater treatment systems. To cope under such stressful circumstances, moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) proves to be an upgraded treatment technology for industrial and municipal wastewater treatment. The present startup study has been carried out using a laboratory-scale aerobic MBBR with working volume of 25L for textile dye wastewater treatment having AnoxKaldnes K3 media at filling percentage of 50%. In order to acclimatize the microorganisms on textile dye wastewater, the startup of the reactor was carried out using lactose as readily degradable co-substrate with textile dye wastewater in different ratios at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24h. The biofilm on the media was developed in 63days duration and the reactor attained pseudo-steady state (PSS) in 185days period. During PSS condition of the MBBR, the maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 92% with mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration of 4224 ± 22mg/L has been achieved. The kinetic study for biodegradation of textile dye wastewater has also been carried out using the Monodgrowth kinetics. The values of bio-kinetic coefficients of yieldof heterotrophic biomass (Y) and endogenousdecay coefficient for heterotrophic biomass (Kd) recorded are 0.394 mgVSS/mgCOD.d and 0.087day-1, respectively. The values of specific substrate removal rate (k), Monodhalf saturation constant (Ks), and maximumspecific growth rate for heterotrophic biomass (µmax) are 0.024 mgCOD/mgVSS.d, 53.203mg/L, and 0.0095day-1, respectively, demonstrating the suitability and healthy performance of MBBR for textile dye wastewater treatment.

Insights into the response of anammox sludge to the combined stress of nickel and salinity

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising technology applied to treat industrial wastewater, while the commonly coexistent heavy metals and salinity usually become a challenging issue to be addressed. In this study, the responses of anammox sludge in terms of performance, activity, functional enzyme and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) to the combined stress of Ni(II) and salinity (20 ‰) were investigated holistically. It turned out that low Ni(II) concentration (0.2 mg·L−1) together with salinity (20 ‰) showed an insignificant effect on the anammox performance, while a decreased nitrogen removal by 46.96 % was observed with the increased Ni(II) concentration to 1 mg·L−1. It should be pointed out that the anammox system exhibited good robustness evidenced by rapid recovery to achieve 89.13 % of nitrogen removal efficiency and 1.21 kg·m−3·d−1 of nitrogen removal rate after the elimination of stress factors within 40 days. Ni(II) concentration was revealed to play a more important role in the specific activity of anammox sludge. The functional enzymes related to nitrogen removal, e.g. nitrite reductase (NIR), hydrazine oxidase (HZO) and heme c were found to be inhibited by the combined stress of Ni(II) and salinity, with decreased activity by 49.54 %, 39.39 % and 45.88 %, respectively. However, the enzyme related to assimilation, e.g. alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and nitrate reductase (NAR) appeared to be enhanced. The EPS content was found to decrease by 55.19 % under the combined stress. Detailed analysis of 3D-EEM and FTIR spectra further revealed that the combined stress of Ni(II) and salinity could change both the quantity and composition of EPS in anammox sludge. These results are expected to offer insights into the combined effect of nickel and salinity on the anammox system, and benefit the application of anammox technology for industrial metal-rich saline wastewater treatment.

Chemical fingerprinting of organic micropollutants in different industrial treated wastewater effluents and their effluent-receiving river

Industry wastewater is considered one of the worst polluters of our precious water ecologies. However, the types of pollutants present in wastewater from industrial wastewater treatment plants (IWTPs) are still unclear. In this study, a simple and effective chemical fingerprinting method for checking the source-sink relationships among different industrial wastewaters and their effluent-receiving river was established. 107, 228, 155, and 337 chemicals were screened out in wastewater from electronics, steel, textile, and printing and dyeing plants, respectively. Chemical fingerprinting of the detected chemicals was performed, and results showed that aromatic compounds were the most prevalent among the pollutant categories (i.e., 56, 189, and 168 in electronics, iron and steel, and printing and dyeing plants, respectively). The traceability analysis of the chemicals selected in the effluent determined the characteristic pollutants of different industrial enterprises. Sixty-eight compounds were identified as the characteristic pollutants in the different process stages of wastewater of the four IWTPs. Of the 84 effluent-receiving river water signature pollutants, 47.6% (n = 40) were also detected in the effluent from the four IWTPs. Effective screening of organic pollutants in industrial wastewater and determining their sources will help accelerate the improvement of industrial wastewater treatment technology.

Electrocoagulation coupled with conductive ceramic membrane filtration for wastewater treatment: Toward membrane modification, characterization, and application

Membrane separation is an effective solution for pollutant removal, however, achieving high permeability and antifouling ability remains a pressing challenge for its widespread application. In this study, a novel method of coating flat ceramic membranes (CMs) with a conductive film (Sb-SnO2) was developed to enhance the filtration and antifouling performance of CMs when the membrane filtration was coupled with electrocoagulation. After comparing the parameters, including the film sheet resistance and pure water flux, with those of other coating methods (i.e., gel coating and immersion hydrolysis), a well-fixed conductive coating with optimal permeability and stability was generated using spray pyrolysis with a substrate ceramic membrane surface temperature of 475 °C, precursor concentration of 0.5 M (calculate as SnO2), and spraying amount of 50 mL (120 cm2), during membrane modification. Batch filtration experiments using wastewater from the mechanical industry demonstrated that the conductive ceramic membrane (CCM) cathode integrated with electrocoagulation at an electric field of 2.8 V/cm (3.0 mA/cm2) achieved permeate fluxes that were 0.34, 0.70, 0.75 and 1.41 times higher than those of sole CM separation after four cycles. Moreover, the membrane separation process was dominated by the standard pore-blocking model, and its correlation coefficient decreased with the exertion of the electric field, indicating that membrane filtration fouling changed from irreversible to reversible. This CCM combined with electrocoagulation exhibited significant potential for alleviating membrane fouling and widespread application, and could act as a promising technology for industrial wastewater treatment.

MODIFIKASI REAKTOR DRUM UNTUK PRETREATMENT PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR PADA HOME INDUSTRY TAHU DAN TEMPE

Liquid waste in the case of tofu industrial waste has a variety of very high organic matter content, if it is not processed properly it will pollute the environment. Based on the results of research on the waste from the tempe-tofu factory, it is known that the pH is 4.3; TSS 140 mg/L; COD 4506.6 mg/L; and BOD 1285.59 mg/L. To meet quality standards, it must be processed first with the right technology before being disposed of so as not to pollute the environment. The problems faced by Partners 1 and Partners 2 are that the factory does not provide funds specifically for processing, has limited land and does not understand the proper processing of liquid waste, is not aware of the impact on the environment, and lacks reuse of waste for other benefits. The purpose of this Community Service Community Partnership Program is to educate and apply appropriate technology for home industrial wastewater treatment (case study of Mitra 1 (tempe) and Mitra 2 (tofu) factories in Banjarbaru City) in an effort to reduce pollutant content. The service methods carried out include data collection, dissemination of research results; tool application, technical guidance, monitoring and evaluation. The results of the community service activities that have been carried out are carrying out outreach activities and coordination with Partners 1 (tempe factory) and Partner 2 (tofu factory), sharing and exposing research results involving relevant agencies, making drum reactors and technical guidance on equipment installation, monitoring and evaluation of community service activities. Through Community Service Activities, the Community Partnership Program is expected to provide benefits for increasing the understanding and skills of the tofu-tempe home industry as partners regarding the application of appropriate technology for liquid waste management. In addition, it is also hoped that a better network of cooperation will be established.

Computer simulation application for substantiation of industrial wastewater treatment technology

The wastewater treatment of the mining industrial enterprises is implemented using mechanical, chemical, biological and physic-chemical methods. The mechanical treatment is used to prepare wastewater for biological, physicochemical and other methods of the deep treatment. In recent years, the field of the physicochemical treatment methods application has been expanding, and their share among other methods has increased. The Mining Institute of the Kola Science Centre of the RAS has been developed a technology of the industrial wastewater treatment based on the synergetic effect of the pollution concentrating in a multiphase medium with formed surface properties of the phases, tested at the mining enterprises of the Kola MMC (Lovozero GOK LLC and Kovdor GOK) and including coagulation, sorption and flotation in activated water dispersion of air. To substantially reduce the cost, duration and complexity of the process of the developing wastewater treatment methods at mining enterprises, an approach based on the use of the mathematical and computer simulation methods, the development of the virtual laboratory benches that fully reproduce the technological processes and devices used. The mathematical simulation of the fine particles coagulation and aggregation in the process of the industrial wastewater treatment from dissolved impurities was carried out. The simulation made it possible to reveal the kinetics of the adsorption process of the contaminants components by the surface of the formed iron hydroxide colloidal particles, which determines the size and lifetime of the floccules. A virtual laboratory stand was created to study the water treatment processes based on the ANSYS Fluent software. This stand simulates the operation of the Outotec radial thickener with a diameter of 30 meters, which made it possible to develop recommendations for the technological regimes optimization for the greater particle aggregation efficiency. The possibility of the application in the technology the column flotation machine – an analogue of the flotation machine of the Canadian Process Technologies Inc. CETCO, was considered.The authors appreciate participation of Junior Researcher A. S. Kitaeva A. S. in the work on the article’s material.