Industrial Waste Treatment Plant Research Articles

Prediction of mass and volumetric flows in a full-scale industrial waste treatment plant

In this paper a set of mathematical tools are developed and assembled together to assess and predict mass and volumetric flows in waste treatment systems (WTS). The proposed approach is constructed upon a set of data reconciliation methods, influent fractionation routines and process simulations models (and model interfaces) to balance, analyze, reproduce and forecast the behavior of different compounds within treatment facilities. The proposed approach is tested on full-scale data collected after two five-week measuring campaigns at the largest industrial WTS in Northern Europe. Results show that the proposed reconciliation methodology based on the definition of the identity matrix, data curation, the estimation of missing fluxes and the calculation of Lagrange multipliers allowed to close flow and COD, N, P, S and multiple metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg and Al) mass balances. Plant-wide overall mass balance reveals that that: 1) 32% of the incoming COD is recovered mostly as methane, 2) 23% and 65% of COD and N are biologically removed and leave the system via the gas phase, 3) 32 % and 33% of COD and N are stored in the activated sludge, 4) > 70% of P, Ca, Mg and Al are accumulated in the bio-solids stream as precipitates and 5) > 70% of Na, K and S remain soluble and leave the plant via effluent. Plant measurements were allocated into the model states describing soluble/particulate and organic/inorganic loads arriving to the WTS under study. The average deviation between computer simulations and the result of the measuring campaign is 10.5%. This study also shows that the proposed approach is capable to reproduce main streams neutralization, volatile fatty acid production, particulate removal and nitrate denitrification in the anaerobic water line (buffer tank, primary clarifier, pre-acidification tank). It also correctly predicts organics transformation into biogas in the anaerobic granular sludge reactor. Lastly, it is possible to describe biological and chemical N and P removal processes in the activated sludge and the quality of bio-solids after inactivation/dewatering (reject water /cake). A scenario analysis is included showing the potential use of the presented tools under dynamic conditions. This is the first study where both tracking and prediction of multiple compounds in large industrial sites has been done at this level of detail. The tool resulting from this study can serve as starting point for a variety of applications, for instance: holistic evaluation of retrofitting scenarios, advanced plant-wide control strategie and environmental assessment.

Prediction of Mass and Volumetric Flows in a Full-Scale Industrial Waste Treatment Plant

Prediction of Mass and Volumetric Flows in a Full-Scale Industrial Waste Treatment Plant

The Study of Impact of Tofu Industrial Waste Treatment Plant on Value of Chemical Oxygen Demand Level in Residents Well of Central Lamper Village, Semarang-Indonesia

Background and Objective: The existence of a tofu waste treatment plant in residential areas and reports from the public about the unpleasant odor in several wells made residents worried about the impact of the intrusion of tofu waste treatment plant waste. This study aims to assess the impact of possible intrusion of waste from tofu waste treatment plants into residents' wells. 
 Methods: This type of research is descriptive with a survey method. Samples from the research site were analyzed in the laboratory by the titration method based on the value of chemical oxygen demand, compared with Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 82 Th. 2001 concerning water quality management and water pollution control.
 Results: The results of the measurement of the chemical oxygen demand value of the Bajak river were 51.8 mg/L (starting point) and 238 mg/L (end point). The value of chemical oxygen demand in resident wells is as follows: resident well 1 of 12.2 mg/L, resident well 2 of 9.12 mg/L, resident well 3 of 3.05 mg/L, residential well 4 mg/L of 33.05 mg/L. L, resident well 5 is 3.05 mg/L, resident well 6 is 15.2 mg/L, resident well 7 is 27.4 mg/L and resident well 8 is 3.05 mg/L.
 Conclusion: The value of chemical oxygen demand in the Bajak river exceeds the quality standard, while the value of chemical oxygen demand in resident wells shows that the farther from the tofu waste treatment plant, the smaller the concentration value of chemical oxygen demand.

Contribution of Combustion Air Preheating to Operation of an Industrial Waste Treatment Plant

Contribution of Combustion Air Preheating to Operation of an Industrial Waste Treatment Plant

Integrated Waste Management Combining Anaerobic and Aerobic Treatment: A Case Study

The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of composting, as a post-treatment option, to manage the solid fraction of anaerobically digested pig slurry (SFP) produced in an industrial waste treatment plant, together with other wastes processed in the facility (sewage sludge (SS), paper mill sludge (PS) and pig hair waste (PW), and two bulking agents [maize straw (MS) and wheat straw (WS)]. Six composting mixtures were prepared (percentage on fresh weight basis): P1 (100 % SFP), P2 (80 % SFP + 20 % MS), P3 (60 % SFP + 40 % MS), P4 (35 % SFP + 35 % SS + 30 % mixture of MS and WS), P5 (35 % SFP + 35 % PS + 30 % mixture of MS and WS) and P6 (35 % SFP + 35 % PW + 30 % mixture of MS and WS). Throughout the composting process, temperature evolution was monitored and physico-chemical and chemical parameters were determined. Furthermore, the evolution of the microbial community structure was assessed by the real time PCR technique. The use of the bulking agents influenced positively the composting development, especially in the mixtures P2 and P5. In general, all the composts showed a good degree of maturity and absence of phytotoxicity, but the use and proportions of determined raw materials (PS, SS and SFP) produced composts with several limiting aspects (high salinity and/or notable contents in Cu and Zn) for their agricultural use. The increase of the ratio fungi/eubacteria by the end of the process was consistent with the maturity of the produced compost and the good performance of the process.

Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources by Pseudomonas putida OCNB-1

A bacterial strain that utilized o-chloronitrobenzene (o-CNB) as the sole carbon, nitrogen and energy sources was isolated from an activated sludge collected from an industrial waste treatment plant. It was identified as Pseudomonas putida based on its morphology, physiological, and biochemical characteristics with an automatic biometrical system and the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Microcosm study showed that the biodegradation of o-CNB was optimized at culture medium pH 8.0 and 32 degrees C. At these conditions, the strain degraded 85% of o-CNB at a starting concentration of 1.1 mmol/L in 42 h. o-Chloroaniline was identified as the major metabolite with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The study showed that o-CNB degradation by Pseudomonas putida OCNB-1 was initiated by aniline dioxyenase, nitrobenzene reductase and catechol-1,2-dioxygenase.

High Quality Composts by Means of Cocomposting Of Residues from Anaerobic Digestion

Advanced treatment of residues from anaerobic digestion of leftovers and kitchen waste originating from an industrial waste treatment plant was carried out by means of cocomposting in order to reveal potential synergistic effects. After a retention time of two weeks in the anaerobic reactor, microbial activity of the residues remained high. The biogas produced is of use in combined heat and power generation. Lab-scale experiments in the liquid phase have demonstrated “cracking” of the anaerobic stabilized organic matter under aerobic conditions. The advanced aerobic treatment of residues from anaerobic digestion by means of cocomposting leads to high quality composts. The addition of output material to biowaste from the separated bin collection may improve the formation of humic substances. Extractable humic acids are considered to represent a reliable parameter in describing high quality composts. Thus, the improvement of humic acid formation by means of composting is a goal to be achieved. Process control was performed by assessing parameters such as loss of ignition, total organic carbon, nitrogen and humic acid content as well as by modern analytic methods like FT-IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry.

Investigation of Bacterial Populations Producing Elevated MPN Values and False Positive Fecal Coliform Counts and Applicable Disinfectants in an Industrial Wastewater

This poster presents data on the types of bacteria which produced elevated, most probable number (MPN) fecal coliform values in an industrial waste treatment plant effluent. The principal influent stream, a pulp and paper mill wastewater, contained principally Klebsiella species of environmental, not enteric origin. Fecal streptococci and enterococci were low in numbers. Eight disinfectants were tested on a small (currently acid disinfected) municipal wastewater incoming stream and on the main plant effluent.

Alternatives for Soil Disposal of Excess Activated Sludge from the Industrial Waste Treatment Plant at Companhia Alcoolquímica Nacional

The industrial wastewater treatment plant at Companhia Alcoolquímica Nacional in Cabo, PE, with operation start-up expected in the second semester of 1986, is composed of: hydraulic and organic load equalization, pH correction and an extended aeration activated sludge plant. For the purpose of disposing of 995 kg solids/day (dry solids) excess biological sludge, a study was undertaken with the intention of using land disposal, after preliminary comparison with other conventional methods. For the disposal of this sludge, which was thickened to 4% suspended solids by dissolved air flotation, two alternatives were proposed:Land disposal by subsurface injection (10 t dry solids per hectare per pass every 60 days).Land disposal by the trench fill system, in an available area of 3 ha. In the case of subsurface injection, grass would be used for the vegetation cover. In the case of the trench fill system, corn and/or manioc tillages would be used. The crops obtained from these tillages may be used for animal feed. After analysing several factors, such as available area, implementation and operating costs, handling facilities and climatic conditions, the trench fill disposal system was chosen. This has the following features:(a)Trenches with 50 cm base, distance from one trench to the next of 100 cm, (i.e., 10 trenches per 15 m), 35 cm depth;(b)0.3% trench slopes;(c)Conveyance of thickened sludge through a main chute with 0.1% slope;(d)120 t dry solids/ha/yr application, on a 3 ha total area;(e)Addition accomplished at a rate of 1/5 ha/day (5 days per week), the whole cycle being completed every three weeks.

Stochastic modeling of an industrial activated sludge process

The purpose of this paper is to develop a Box-Jenkins time series transfer function model of the effluent COD using the influent COD, from a sewage treatment process. The data is from an industrial waste treatment plant encompassing a 14-month period. The work was done in 3 steps: (1) Box-Jenkins ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) modeling of the influent COD; (2) ARIMA modeling of the effluent COD; and (3) development of a transfer function model for the waste treatment process. It was found that single difference models best described influent and effluent COD. For the transfer function model, the influent COD had an insignificant effect on the effluent COD.

Chemical Quality of Effluents and Their Influence on Water Quality in a Shallow Aquifer

AbstractThe chemical quality of liquid effluent released from an industrial waste treatment plant at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory controls the quality of water in a shallow aquifer in the alluvium of Mortandad Canyon. The dilution of the effluent with surface flow in the canyon reduces the concentrations of the chemicals as they move down gradient into the aquifer. Mass estimates of residual chemicals in solution in the aquifer average 1–6% of the total chemicals released to the canyon from 1963–1974. The average annual concentration of sodium, nitrate, chloride, and total dissolved solids in the aquifer through a 12‐year period was directly correlated with annual average concentrations in the effluent. This relationship provides a means of predicting the impact of the chemical effluents on the quality of water in the aquifer.

Geometric Programing and the Preliminary Design of Industrial Waste Treatment Plants

The preliminary design of an industrial waste treatment plant is considered by using certain aspects of the relatively new theory of geometric programing. A computationally efficient technique of solution is proposed and applied to a well‐known problem previously solved by a dynamic programing approach.

Water Quality Standards

This article discusses the implementation of standards currently being developed to enhance and preserve water quality. Specific programs, such as monitoring streams for standards compliance, monitoring effluents from municipal and industrial waste treatment plants, and periodic review of progress being made to construct needed treatment facilities, will be expanded through joint efforts of state and federal programs. One of the biggest needs in pollution control is efficient municipal and industrial waste treatment plant operation. Specific programs to train treatment plant operations and surveillance of plant operation are needed if stream water quality criteria are to be satisfied. New or expanded activities to deal with pollution from erosion, vessels and marinas, mine drainage, heat discharges, land and agricultural drainage, and nutrient enrichment will challenge the state and federal programs.