Industrial Training Institutes Research Articles

Immediate Employability and Trade Sustenance of Graduates from Government Industrial Training Institutes in Mumbai, India

Immediate Employability and Trade Sustenance of Graduates from Government Industrial Training Institutes in Mumbai, India

Skill Development and Innovation in Industrial Training Institutes, India: A Gender-Based Perspectives

Vocational education institutions like Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) have been the nodal institution for skill development and innovation at the basic level of low socioeconomic background which constitutes the majority population and workforce. In this research, efforts have been made to understand the views and opinions of male and female ITI students on skills and innovation. There is a need to diversify from the Schumpeterian definition to other forms of innovations that are happening in society to solve various socio-economic problems like frugal innovation, Grass-root innovation, Incremental innovation, and very recently Jugaad Innovation. This study is based on a primary survey (260 samples) conducted among ITI students in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. This study employs qualitative as well as quantitative methods. The finding indicates that female ITI students have equal aspirations with male students for entrepreneurs and also have some understanding of Innovation.

Role of Vocational Education and Training in Empowering Aatmanirbhar Bharat - A Study of Industrial Training Institute in Assam State of North East India

A Nation’s real success depends on its skilled work force. The skilled workforce gives an added advantage for running the wheel of the manufacturing and service operations. In order to focus more on competitive priorities, organizations give more emphasis on skilled workforce and thus skill development. Skill development has been considered one of the critical aspects for job creation in India. Hence Government of India has been working on long term strategic plans for skill development of Indian youth from rural and urban areas for their employment and empowerment. Without the required opportunities the challenges of unemployment in the country will never get resolved. Post-independence there were establishment of Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs), thus ITIs are one of the pioneering steps towards ensuring a steady flow of skilled workers in different trades for the industry. At present there is around 14,886 affiliated ITIs which are active in India catering 143 number of technical and non-technical trades accrediting post- secondary unemployed youths to secure a decent job and also empowering them for self-reliant. In 2018, employability among Industrial Training Institutes graduates across India was about 29.46 percent, a drastic decrease from 42.22 percent in 2017. In the North Eastern state of Assam the situation is grimmer. In Govt. ITIs of Assam student admission has been drastically reduced primarily effecting MSME sector of the state which is contributing significantly in the economic and social development of the state by generating large employment opportunities and fostering entrepreneurship. Due to shortage of skilled workforce in Assam, the local factories have to hire skilled manpower from other parts of the country. The current paper aims to identify the causes behind decreasing trend of admission in vocational courses in Govt. ITIs with special reference to Assam and suggests measures to address the issues in a broader perspective. The paper also highlights the bold reforms and initiatives by both Central and State Govt. to upgrade Govt. ITIs through PPPs to build Govt. ITIs as world class skill centres to meet the growing demand in the local and international market.

Ownership in international vocational education and training transfer: The example of quality development in India

AbstractThis article addresses policy transfer in international development activities in vocational education and training. Ownership has been identified and established as a key factor for sustainability of transfer activities in different fields of development cooperation. While the concept has been targeted from a macro‐level perspective of government‐to‐government transfer for a long time, meso‐ and micro‐level perspectives of multi‐stakeholder involvement are increasingly emerging. Thus, the focus is on the function of ownership in terms of the role of local stakeholder commitment for sustainable transfer at the level of vocational training institutions in India. Using the example of the transfer of an approach for quality measurement, factors, potentials and challenges for ownership development are explored. Findings are based on the first evaluation cycle of a quality measurement framework developed with specific regard to Polytechnic Colleges and Industrial Training Institutes. Results of the evaluation were analysed considering the model intentions and theoretically based assumptions taken in the research process. Ownership at the meso‐level can be established by high degrees of acceptability of measures, participation of stakeholders at the institutional level and internal and external moderation processes in implementation. This paper argues that increased participation and decision‐making authority will contribute to measures in line with stakeholders' needs and enable Polytechnic Colleges and ITIs to engage in institutional development more effectively when considering stakeholders' views. This is the case, particularly when focusing on quality assurance and development at the organisational level.

Theory and Practice of Teaching and Learning in the Classroom – Lessons from Indian Industrial Training Institutes

In India, the Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) are a vital part the Vocational Education and Training (VET) system. Previous research reveals that in addition to some other problems, it is the strongly theory-based training that impedes the transition of VET graduates into the labour market, and leads to a lack of work-readiness in young graduates. Since there is still little empirical evidence about the actual forms of teaching and learning in Indian vocational schools, this paper will examine how the learning processes in ITIs in Delhi, Coimbatore and Mumbai take place. To identify the relationship between the theory and practice of training, teacher interviews were conducted, in order to specifically examine the teacher´s beliefs and behaviours as well as classroom observations to supplement the interviews. The evidence gathered supports the thesis that ITI training is theory-driven and teacher-centred, that training is very often not practical and application-orientated, and most ITI teachers in the examined institutes have limited knowledge in the field of micro-didactics. Content knowledge and repetition of facts are more common than problem-based and learner-centred teaching.

Teaching and Learning Assessment: An Empirical Study at Advanced Technology Training Center (ADTEC) Malaysia

Along with the rapid growth of science and technology, the country is forced to provide educational services that can be early to be observed by the public, including non-formal educational institutions such as the Advanced Technology Training Center (ADTEC) in Malaysia. This study was conducted toward lecturers in industrial training institutions in order for them to meet the assessment practices in education. The respondents consisted of 45 lecturers in ADTEC Batu Pahat, which is one of the industrial training institutes located in Batu Pahat, Johor. A questionnaire was developed as an instrument for data collection. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 11.5. The findings show that ADTEC lecturers have a high level of knowledge about educational assessment. Besides, there are eight (8) forms of assessment applied by lecturers ADTEC Batu Pahat. The results of the study also found that the lecturers ADTEC Batu Pahat perform test plans based on the assessment procedure. With the perfect and industrial equipment combined with the latest methods of teaching and good learning and at the same time evaluated by an effective’s education evaluation system, ADTEC mission to produce competitive workers will be achieved. The study is useful for non-formal educational institutions in all Malaysian country to evaluate and improve their role in all days.

A Structural Approach Towards Reinvigorating Student Satisfaction in Industrial Training Institutes – A Contemplating Outlook

The research paper focused to conceptualize and empirically test the conceptual model of student satisfaction proposed for Indian vocational education and training (VET), precisely industrial training institutes (ITIs). Even though the upgradation of ITIs through public - private partnership (PPP) is emphasized from the previous decade, little empirical evidence exists about the quality of the institutes. Improved quality in ITIs helps in increased employability of the students and would help in meeting India’s projected skill demand of 191 million youths by 2022. Empirical data were collected from upgraded ITIs of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states to assess student satisfaction. Student satisfaction gives the measure of student feedback on the quality of the courses. PLS - SEM was applied to develop measurement and structural models. Subsequently, statistical values were used to estimate the validity and reliability of the models. Besides, the predictive accuracy of the model was also tested. The data analysis assisted to ascertain whether to accept or reject the hypothesized relations proposed based on the conceptual model. The results proved that institute quality factors were positively correlated with student satisfaction. Eventually, it was observed that industry exposure was a significant determinant of student satisfaction followed by training facilities & equipment, trainer credibility, learning environment, and placement and counseling services. Above all being said, it can be posited that focusing on the above all quality factors would help in enhancing the quality of ITIs

Impact of Industry-Academia Collaboration on Student Satisfaction in Vocational Education and Training

The contemporary unstable job market is challenging the “traditional” skilling practices adopted by vocational education training (VET) institutions, in favor of demand-driven skill transfer which is characterized by preparing students industry-ready. In this light, student satisfaction plays a pivotal role in assessing the course quality that aids in efficient skill transfer. Despite the relevance of the student satisfaction concept, empirical research has provided little evidence on its predictors in VET. The purpose of the study is to shed light on the quality indicators that predict student satisfaction. Data were collected on students from industrial training institutes (ITIs) of India.

Quality of Service (QoS) Management for Local Area Network (LAN) Using Traffic Policy Technique to Secure Congestion

This study presents the proposed testbed implementation for the Advanced Technology Training Center (ADTEC) Batu Pahat, one of Malaysia’s industrial training institutes. The objectives of this study are to discover the issues regarding network congestion, propose a suitable method to overcome such issues, and generate output data for the comparison of the results before and after the proposed implementation. The internet is directly connected to internet service providers (ISPs), which neither impose any rule nor filter the traffic components; all connections comply on the basis of the base effort services provided by the ISP. The congestion problem has been raised several times and the information technology (IT) department has been receiving complaints about poor and sometimes intermittent internet connection. Such issues provide some ideas for a possible solution because the end client is a human resource core business. In addition, budget constraints contribute to this problem. After a comprehensive review of related literature and discussion with experts, the implementation of quality of service through add-on rules, such as traffic policing on network traffic, was proposed. The proposed testbed also classified the traffic. Results show that the proposed testbed is stable. After the implementation of the generated solution, the IT department no longer receives any complaints, and thus fulfills the goal of having zero internet connection issues.

From the Maistry to the Computer Operator: the Colonial Legacy of “Skilling India” through ICT Training

Abstract Under the Hindu nationalist Narendra Modi government, the largest state-run and supported network of skills training schools, the Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs), are slated to be the most important sites for transforming subaltern youth into appropriate global workers for the IT-ITES sectors. Based on historical, archival research and sustained, ethnographic work in industrial schools in New Delhi, I trace parallels between the colonial, skilled craftsman, or the “maistry,” in the nineteenth century to the contemporary computer operator in the twenty-first century through inextricable linkages between forms of governmentality, communication technologies, and labor formations. Colonial and contemporary industrial students are constructed as uncivilized and trained for subordinate positions despite the leveling promise of industrial schools. However, both groups critically interpret development messages in the context of their everyday lives in demanding an “education” versus “training,” and in holding the state responsible for their welfare. Historical and ethnographic research is vital to critically examine the promise of “Skilling India” for marginalized communities.

Impact of Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) on the employability of graduates—a study of government ITIs in Mumbai

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to ascertain the factors by which Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) affect the employability of graduates in Mumbai, India. The ITIs are major providers of VET in India. Presently, India is part of a skilling revolution with the goal of providing superior quality formal skill training to 400 million people by the year 2022. Consequently, the ITIs are receiving a great deal of attention at the national level. Applying a qualitative approach, data were collected from 15 students, 21 staff members (teaching and non-teaching) and 13 employers associated with the ITIs in the city and suburban area of Mumbai. The findings show a distinct set of six factors by which ITIs affect the employability of graduates—by imparting knowledge and skill, affecting students’ attitude and expectations, providing apprenticeship, signalling favourable characteristics, acting as an intermediary between the industry and the graduates and helping build social networks. The conclusion is that ITIs can incorporate strategies to actively enhance the employability of graduates by leveraging these factors.

Attractiveness of Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) in India

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conduct the study in two states of India to covers the perception of students and their parents about the attractiveness of Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) in India.Design/methodology/approachThree ITIs were selected each from the states Maharashtra and Haryana for data collection. Students pursuing trade fitter, electrical and beauty courses and their parents were selected. The instrument used to collect the data from students and parents was interviews with students and families.FindingsThe results show that the attractiveness of ITIs has shifted over time. The low status associated with these institutions is slowly fading away. The skills acquired at an ITI can provide the basis of successful careers. Once considered a last resort, today it is being considered as a possible career option. However, ITIs have yet to develop a better image and higher attractiveness within society for it to become an interesting option for young people and their parents when choosing educational pathways.Originality/valueSome implications of this study are presented as suggestions in formulating policies to improve the image of technical education and vocational training.

Perceptions of teachers in industrial training institutes: an exploratory study of the attractiveness of vocational education in India

India is a growing country in terms of both the number of young people and its economic expansion. Therefore, skilling is crucial both at policy level and for educational institutions. Yet, apart from general statements concerning the ‘lack of attractiveness of vocational education’, no research-based findings exist about this topic in India. Therefore, this study focuses on the issue of the attractiveness of vocational education and training (VET) in India. Forty-five interviews with teaching staff were conducted at Industrial Training Institutes in three different regions. The purpose of the study was to examine the teachers’ understandings of VET’s attractiveness in relation to their own situation as teaching staff.

Entrepreneurship Education at Indian Industrial Training Institutes – A Case Study of the Prescribed, Adopted and Enacted Curriculum in and around Bangalore

On the one hand, India is a growing economy that needs skilled labour, self-employed entrepreneurs and employees to tackle its economic and social challenges. On the other hand, India faces high unemployment rates, especially among young people. Graduates from industrial training institutes (ITIs) in particular are often facing difficulties in pursuing self-employment. Entrepreneurship education is an essential element in preparing young people for self-employment. This paper analyses how and to what extent entrepreneurship education has been conceived and implemented in vocational schools in and around Bangalore to face these challenges. Methodologically the authors use a three-step approach following the theories of a `prescribed', `adopted' or `enacted' curriculum. Qualitative interviews are used for the analysis of the adopted and enacted curriculum. The authors conclude that whereas the prescribed curriculum includes several elements of entrepreneurship education and teacher's understanding is in line with the prescription, the understanding is seldom translated into input in the day-to-day teaching. The plausible reasons for this gap are discussed in this paper.

Skilling for Job: A Grounded Theory of Vocational Training at Industrial Training Institutes of Malaysia

Malaysia emphasizes towards a higher incomes developed nation by the year 2020. Towards this end, Malaysia will require skilled and semi-skilled workers to fill jobs in certain industries to support the country's development process. However, recent statistics show that only 28 percent of workers in Malaysia are included in the category of skilled and semi-skilled jobs. This shows that our country is lagging far behind other developed countries show the percentage of skilled and semi-skilled workers more than 50 percent. Previous studies have shown that there is an issue that skills gaps between skills required by industry and skills are trained in the training institution. Thus, this research explores the formation of skilled workers in industrial training institutes that support the creation of skilled and semi- skilled. Qualitative study using grounded theory methods are reaching theoretical saturation data when the sample reached 32 respondents. Data obtained using interviews, observations and document analysis and analyzed using open and selective coding process using NVivo. The results showed that the skilling for job is a main concern faced by the respondents. To support the formation of skills for employment of trainees should have some trainee characteristic that fit for upskilling process.

Formal, nonformal, and informal learning in rural India: The case of fishing families on the Chilika Lagoon

The vast majority—70%—of the Indian population lives in rural areas. They are far removed from India’s image as a society with an emerging middle class and well-regarded schools. This research focuses on education and opportunities for skill development for this rural population. The researchers investigated the area around the Chilika Lagoon, a rural region in the eastern state of Orissa, by interviewing fishing families about formal and nonformal education and informal learning activities, and by tracking their children’s daily activities to determine educational levels, learning activities, and the demand for education and training. By interviewing students and educational experts from Indian Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs), the researchers also investigated the accessibility and performance of self-help groups and of computer courses and other training programs for fishermen.

From Training Institution to Workplace: Towards a Training Model in the Industrial Training Institutes

The Malaysian Education Development Blueprint’s (2013-2025) emphasis on the holistic formation of students in line with quality human capital formation is based on the national philosophy of education. This blueprint is in line with the Government Transformation Program (GTP), which propels Malaysia towards becoming a developed and high-income country. Quality students are able to learn through formal, non-formal, and informal education as well as through meaningful experience. However, what are the factors that support the creation of awareness that knowledge is essential to life? We explored these factors through the use of grounded theory methods. A total of 32 respondents comprising of trainees, employers and industry supervisors were interviewed. In order to obtain a deeper understanding, we only focused on one public skills training institute which implements best practices. The results showed that there are six main factors that contribute to an environment, which is conducive to effective learning. These factors can serve as a guide to policy makers in the implementation of a comprehensive education system, which supports the holistic formation of students.

An Assessment of Workplace Skills Acquired by Students of Vocational and Technical Education Institutions

This study was performed to identify the employability skills of technical students from the Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) and Indigenous People’s Trust Council (MARA) Skills Training Institutes (IKM) in Malaysia. The study sample consisted of 850 final year trainees of IKM and ITI. The sample was chosen by a random sampling procedure from a population of 2520 students from both institutions. Trainees’ employability skills were measured using a 40 item questionnaire adapted from the Secretary’s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS) report. In general, the majority of the trainees possessed a moderate level of employability skills (Mean= 3.88, S.D= .49). Their basic skills were at the moderate level (Mean= 3.83, S.D= .9); thinking skills (Mean= 3.73, S.D= .56); source skills (Mean= 3.83, S.D= .57); informational (Mean= 3.61, S.D= .76); interpersonal (Mean= 3.92, S.D= .57); technical and system skills (Mean= 3.81, S.D= .67); and self-qualities (Mean= 4.14, S.D= .55). There were no significant differences of employability skills between trainees from IKM and ITI in term of gender, work experience, and between courses.

Preparing a Globally Competitive Skilled Workforce for Indian Economy: Emerging Trends and Challenges

Keywords KeywordsSkill Development, National Skills Policy, Vocational Education, Public-Private Partnership, Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs), Indian Economy, Graduate Labour Market, Labour Market Information Systems, Social Justice, Worker Welfare, Eleventh Five Year Plan, Centres of Excellence, Informal Employment, Unorganized Sector, Leadership Development

Focus on Skill Development is Need of the Hour

lent example of the joys and tribulations of the Indian growth story. Achieving a 92 % increase in gross turnover between 2006-07 and 2010-11 to touch $ 58.5 bn in March 2011, the domestic auto industry has had to deal with a host of challenges over the past year or more, which has slowed down its heady pace of growth. However, notwithstanding its present predicament, a robust auto sector is critical to the country getting back on the growth trajectory as the progress of the automotive industry has a direct bearing on the development of infrastructure (one of the major areas of focus in the 12th Plan). But, as is the case with many other sectors, holding the key to the future growth of the Indian auto sector itself would be the availability of skilled manpower in sufficient numbers – an issue that is increasingly becoming the hottest topic of discussion in the boardrooms of auto majors. According to a skill gap analysis conducted by management consultancy IMaCS (an arm of rating agency ICRA) on behalf of the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), the auto sector may face the prospect of an incremental shortage of 35 mn people by 2022. Considering that studies by IMaCS and another management consultancy Aon Hewitt on behalf of the NSDC have projected a combined shortfall of 347 mn people by 2022 in 20 identified high growth sectors and the infrastructure arena, the auto sector, in days to come, may not just need talent but also have to compete for it with other industries facing similar manpower-related issues. Already, there are numerous examples of people connected with auto retail crossing over to other forms of retail. The situation for the auto industry is not being helped by the inadequate skills training capacity prevalent in the country. While 12.8 mn people join the workforce every year, the training capacity is only about 5 mn. Several automotive companies in the recent past have tried to overcome the people problem by adopting Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) or by partnering with the government to improve the education imparted at these facilities. Some have started their own private training schools or got involved with polytechnics and engineering colleges, so that the curriculum could be tailored to meet the requirements of business. However, if one were to sum up the impact of all the skill development efforts currently underway, it has barely scratched the surface. Skilling initiatives have to increase manifold to meet the auto sector’s own requirements. A task of this magnitude can’t be handled by either the government or the private sector working in silos. A coordinated approach involving all stakeholders is FOCUS ON SKILL DEVELOPMENT IS NEED OF THE HOUR Dilip Chenoy, CEO & MD of the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) Guest COMMENtary