Industrial Technology Research Institute Research Articles

The triple helix collaboration: lessons from a Chinese provincial innovation ecosystem

Purpose Innovation is vital for sustainable regional development. Government is generally not a source of innovation per se, but the authors shows that by establishing and funding an industrial innovation ecosystem, it can create fertile conditions for research institutions to introduce innovative technologies into industry and for industry to introduce its gaps and needs to motivate and direct academic research. This paper aims to present a case study of the Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI) as a “triple helix” collaboration model engaging Industry-University-Research (IUR) institutions. The authors aim to provide a fresh perspective on constructing innovation ecosystems, promoting value creation and advancing the adoption of industrial technology. Design/methodology/approach Taking JITRI as a case study, this research examines its innovative approaches to interfacing with IUR organizations within China’s Yangtze Delta region. The authors propose a multilayered framework where JITRI serves as the core, facilitating the formation of a robust innovation ecosystem with diverse IUR entities. Findings This framework comprises three layers: core, platform and support. JITRI acts as the central nexus, binding these elements together and fostering a cohesive innovation ecosystem. By analyzing the operational mechanisms of the Jiangsu Provincial innovation system, the authors gain valuable insights into how JITRI bridges the gap between academia and industry. This facilitates the efficient commercialization of technologies. The success of the JITRI approach presents a compelling model for emulation by other provincial innovation ecosystems seeking to enhance their innovation capabilities. Research limitations/implications This study enriches the ongoing conversation on innovation ecosystems, proposing novel avenues for further research. However, the field requires continuous monitoring through longitudinal studies. Given the long-term nature of such initiatives, the full impact of this approach might only be realized over several decades. Practical implications JITRI aims to create a robust and innovative provincial innovation ecosystem through its focus on IUR collaboration. This unique approach offers valuable insights and ideas for fostering the development of thriving innovation ecosystems in other provinces. These insights encompass new perspectives on innovation ecosystem development, value creation and industrial advancement. Originality/value This study pioneers the use of the JITRI system as a case study, offering valuable insights with potential application to innovation ecosystems across China and globally.

Chip Diplomacy: Chip War Taiwan, People’s Republic China and United States and its Implications for Indonesia

The main goal of this research is to analyze the implications of chip war between PRC, US and Taiwan and its implications to Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach to gain an in-depth understanding and description of the phenomenon or issues related chip war between PRC, US and Taiwan and its implication to Indonesia. Result and findings is During the 1970s, the Taiwanese government established the Industrial Technology Research Institute, tasked with conducting research in the realm of silicon chips. The United States and China are competing to dominate the semiconductor industry. Taiwan has become the world's largest chip production center. The political situation between the United States, Taiwan, and China is heating up. Taiwan holds a key position in global semiconductor production.

Accreditation of the handheld 3-dimensional scanner and conventional photo images for area measurement.

Accurate assessment of wound areas is crucial in making therapeutic decisions, as the prognosis and changes in the size of the wound over time play a significant role. An ideal assessment method should possess qualities such as speed, affordability, accuracy, user-friendliness for both patients and healthcare professionals, and suitability for daily clinical practice. This study aims to introduce a handheld 3-dimensional (3D) scanner and evaluate its accuracy in measuring wound areas. Engineers from the Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan developed a handheld 3D scanner with the intention of extending its application to the medical field. A project was conducted to validate the accuracy of this 3D scanner. We utilized a smartphone (Asus ZenFone 2 with a 13-million-pixel rear camera), a digital single-lens reflex digital camera (Nikon, D5000, Tokyo, Japan), and the 3D scanner to repeatedly measure square papers of known size that were affixed to the curved surface of life-size facial mask or medical teaching breast models. The "Image J" software was employed for 2-dimensional image measurements, while the "3D Edit" software was used to assess the "area of interest" on 3D objects. By using square papers with predetermined dimensions, the measurement-associated error rate (ER) could be calculated for each image. Three repeated measurements were performed using the "Image J" software for each square paper. The ERs of the 3D scan images were all below 3%, with an average ER of 1.64% in this study. The close-up mode of the smartphone exhibited the highest ER. It was observed that as the area increased, the ER also increased in the digital single-lens reflex camera group. The extension distortion effect caused by the wide-angle lens on the smartphone may increase the ER. However, the definition of a healthy skin edge may vary, and different algorithms for calculating the measurement area are employed in various 3D measurement software. Therefore, further validation of their accuracy for medical purposes is necessary. Effective communication with software engineers and discussions on meeting clinical requirements are crucial steps in enhancing the functionality of the 3D scanner.

Major lipids and lipoprotein levels and risk of blood pressure elevation: a Mendelian Randomisation study

BackgroundQuantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics techniques provide detailed measurements of lipoprotein particle concentration. Metabolic dysfunction often represents a cluster of conditions, including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and diabetes, that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationship between lipid profiles and blood pressure (BP) remains unclear. We performed a Mendelian Randomisation (MR) study to disentangle and prioritize the potential causal effects of major lipids, lipoprotein particles, and circulating metabolites on BP and pulse pressure (PP). MethodsWe employed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with major lipids, lipoprotein particles, and other metabolites from the UK Biobank as instrumental variables. Summary-level data for BP and PP were obtained from the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort. Two-sample MR and MR Bayesian model averaging approaches (MR-BMA) were conducted to analyse and rank causal associations. FindingsGenetically predicted TG was the most likely causal exposure among the major lipids to increase systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), with marginal inclusion probabilities (MIPs) of 0.993 and 0.847, respectively. Among the majority of lipoproteins and their containing lipids, including major lipids, genetically elevated TG in small high-density lipoproteins (S_HDL_TG) had the strongest association with the increase of SBP and DBP, with MIPs of 0.416 and 0.397, respectively. HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were potential causal factors for PP elevation among the major lipids (MIP = 0.927 for HDL-C and MIP = 0.718 for LDL-C). Within the sub-lipoproteins, genetically predicted atherogenic lipoprotein particles (i.e., sub-very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and LDL particles) had the most likely causal impact on increasing PP. InterpretationThis study provides genetic evidence for the causality of lipids on BP indicators. However, the effect size on SBP, DBP, and PP varies depending on the lipids’ components and sizes. Understanding this potential relationship may inform the potential benefits of comprehensive management of lipid profiles for BP control. FundingKey Research and Development Program of Hubei Province, Science and Technology Innovation Project of Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, the Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heart-Brain Diseases, and the Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Comprehensive Care for Heart-Brain Diseases.

Dynamic Evaluation of Project Governance in Collaborative Innovation Projects: A Case of Industry Technology Research Institute

Collaborative innovation projects (CIPs) are a typical type of inter-organizational collaboration project to deliver innovative results, in which diverse and dynamic collaborative relationships exist among stakeholders. The project’s success depends on appropriate governance mechanisms to coordinate the relationship between stakeholders. Contractual governance and relational governance both play an important role in successful project delivery. Existing research on the static evaluation method of project governance has obvious contradictions with the dynamic characteristics of stakeholder collaboration relationships during the innovation process. In response, this study proposes a dynamic evaluation method of CIP governance that uses stakeholder networks as the evaluation object, thus filling in gaps in the literature on CIP governance and contributing to the development of governance theory. A project of the Industry Technology Research Institute (ITRI) was chosen as a case study to evaluate the effectiveness of the procedure. The results show that contractual governance and relational governance both have a strong impact on stakeholder collaboration in the whole stage of CIPs. The governance effect is determined by the changeable contractual and relational governance structure, not just the stakeholder’s power of the general understanding. The findings have implications for the governance of CIPs and mainstream project governance research.

Innovation efficiency evaluation of industrial technology research institute based on three-stage DEA

Innovation efficiency evaluation of industrial technology research institute based on three-stage DEA

BC05 Technological and clinical demonstration of a skin ageing analysis prototype

Abstract The skin undergoes intrinsic and extrinsic ageing, with extrinsic ageing caused by environmental factors including inadequate sleep. Preliminary studies have suggested a link between sleep quality and skin ageing. Noninvasive devices have been developed that are able to measure and quantify markers of skin ageing, such as collagen levels and wrinkle formation. A handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) test, sourced from Industrial Technology Research Institute, is one such device that allows for the measurement of dermal collagen levels. We describe a pilot study to assess the feasibility of combining several methods to quantify skin ageing in those with and without sleep disturbance, to understand which specific markers of skin ageing are affected by poor sleep. Questionnaires were distributed to 10 female workers and completed by each participant to understand their sleep and sun protection habits. There were two groups: women working fixed day shifts (aged 41–53 years) or fixed night shifts (aged 22–63 years). Skin swabs, VISIA® and OCT were used to measure markers of skin ageing of both cheeks: DNA amplification, wrinkles (percentile) and collagen (percentage), respectively. The entire testing could be completed by each participant within 15 minutes. The results were then compared between the different groups. The testing was well tolerated in this small sample. There was a statistically significant difference between day and night workers in their percentile of wrinkles using the VISIA (left cheek: P = 0.039; right cheek: P = 0.015), with night workers showing fewer signs of wrinkle formation. No statistically significant difference in DNA amplification was observed between day and night workers using skin swabs (left cheek: P = 0.27; right cheek: P = 0.32). Using OCT, no statistically significant difference was observed in collagen percentage between day and night workers (left cheek: P = 0.73; right cheek: P = 0.98). Skin swabs, OCT and VISIA were well tolerated, with no adverse events seen. The VISIA showed a significant difference in markers of skin ageing between day and night workers. Night shift workers may have shown fewer signs of wrinkle formation due to confounding factors such as age and smoking. No significant difference was observed with skin swabs and OCT, which may be related to the small sample size. The skin swabs, VISIA and OCT together can be quickly used to test the impact of sleep or any other extrinsic factor on skin ageing. This study has provided useful pilot data that can be scaled for future, larger studies.

Artificial Intelligence in Internet of Things System for Predicting Water Quality in Aquaculture Fishponds

Aquaculture has long been a critical economic sector in Taiwan. Since a key factor in aquaculture production efficiency is water quality, an effective means of monitoring the dissolved oxygen content (DOC) of aquaculture water is essential. This study developed an internet of things system for monitoring DOC by collecting essential data related to water quality. Artificial intelligence technology was used to construct a water quality prediction model for use in a complete system for managing water quality. Since aquaculture water quality depends on a continuous interaction among multiple factors, and the current state is correlated with the previous state, a model with time series is required. Therefore, this study used recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with sequential characteristics. Commonly used RNNs such as long short-term memory model and gated recurrent unit (GRU) model have a memory function that appropriately retains previous results for use in processing current results. To construct a suitable RNN model, this study used Taguchi method to optimize hyperparameters (including hidden layer neuron count, iteration count, batch size, learning rate, and dropout ratio). Additionally, optimization performance was also compared between 5-layer and 7-layer network architectures. The experimental results revealed that the 7-layer GRU was more suitable for the application considered in this study. The values obtained in tests of prediction performance were mean absolute percentage error of 3.7134%, root mean square error of 0.0638, and R-value of 0.9984. Therefore, the water quality management system developed in this study can quickly provide practitioners with highly accurate data, which is essential for a timely response to water quality issues. This study was performed in collaboration with the Taiwan Industrial Technology Research Institute and a local fishery company. Practical application of the system by the fishery company confirmed that the monitoring system is effective in improving the survival rate of farmed fish by providing data needed to maintain DOC higher than the standard value.

Diverged Evolutionary Pathways of Two Public Research Institutes in Taiwan and Korea: Shared Missions and Varied Organizational Dynamics in ITRI and KIST

Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) of Taiwan and Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) of Korea are among the most acknowledged public research institutes in East Asia. This paper applies the evolutionary perspective for a comparative case study, emphasizing the path dependence with the innovation system context. Also, this paper elucidates the factors that configured the dynamics of ITRI and KIST in populating spin-offs and advancing biotechnology, respectively. It sheds new light on what particular organizational structures and routines would posit functionality in propagating certain activities and outcomes. The case of ITRI implies a strong mechanistic push in its organization to expedite its research activities and spin-offs. Meanwhile, KIST is endowed with patient capital and instituted service seniority in its career ladder, thus enabling it to develop science-based technologies and to evolve into a university-like institute. The structures and routines of the two PRIs are profound and productive in advancing their respective desired research agendas. However, their instituted routines might limit their pursuit of other kinds of growth ventures. This paper shows a depiction of organizational career ladders and spin-off mechanisms, which provides a useful guide for a government aspiring to construct similar structures and routines for certain outcomes.

Quantification via X‐ray fluorescence analysis of oxygen in the surface layer of a Si‐sphere used as a new mass standard

The distribution of oxygen present in the surface layer of the Si‐sphere used as new mass standard is measured and quantified using the combined X‐ray fluorescence (XRF)/X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface analysis system in the Center for Measurement Standards, Industrial Technology Research Institute (CMS/ITRI). A radiometric calibration of the X‐ray source is not possible because the spectral distribution of the X‐ray tube used is complex and not stable over the long term. Hence, the quantification of oxygen on the Si‐sphere is based on a calibration curve that establishes a correlation between the mass deposition of oxygen from the calibration samples qualified by PTB and the ratio of the oxygen fluorescence to silicon RRS (resonant Raman scattering) intensities in the in‐house system. This paper presents the methodology for and the results of an oxygen quantification performed using the combined XRF/XPS surface analysis system. With a relative uncertainty of less than 10%, the average mass deposition of oxygen on the Si‐sphere was 133 ± 12 ng/cm2. The oxygen quantified via XRF is treated as a reference for the quantification of other elements on the surface layer. The quantification of carbon mass deposition in the surface layer in relation to the oxygen mass deposition is also described in this paper. The surface analysis system is part of our contribution to the realization and dissemination of the unit of the kilogram (based on its new definition) via the XRCD method.

Innovation Processes in Public Research Institutes: AIST, Fraunhofer and ITRI Case Studies

The design of national innovation systems has attracted attention from scholars and policymakers. Firms, universities and government organisations (including public research institutes) are defined as the three major players of the national innovation system and interactions between the players are considered the key of the national innovation system. However, public research institutes are relatively understudied compared to firms and universities even though their contribution in the national innovation system is not trivial. Aiming at understanding detailed process rather than testing hypotheses, the findings of this article shed practical information regarding innovation process in public research institutes. Focusing on the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer) and the Industrial Technology Research Institute of Taiwan (ITRI), this article analyses and compares innovation processes of public research institutes with their patent data. Based on findings, this study further discusses issues for better management of public research institutes.

Development of a combined XRF/XPS surface-analysis system for the surface-layer quantification of 28Si spheres

<p class="Abstract">To achieve a new kilogram definition using the X-ray crystal density method, the Center for Measurement Standards, Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan has established the combined XRF (X-ray fluorescence)/XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) surface analysis system for the quantitative surface-layer analysis of Si spheres. The surface layer of a Si sphere is composed primarily of an oxide layer, carbonaceous contamination and physisorbed/chemisorbed water. This newly combined instrument has been implemented to measure the XRF for the direct determination of the mass deposition of oxygen (ng/cm<sup>2</sup>) with a calibrated silicon drift detector and the XPS for the ratio between the elements (O, Si, C) and composition identification. These two complementary methods of X-ray metrology allow an accurate determination of the surface-layer mass of the Si sphere. In this paper, the construction of a combined XRF/XPS surface-analysis system is reported, including the surface characterisation method, the assembly of parts of the load-lock chamber and ultra-high-vacuum analysis chamber, the vacuum-system design, hardware integration and the intended research on surface-layer measurement. It is anticipated that the measured surface-layer mass will be combined with the core mass of the Si sphere.</p>

MAKING PREDICTIONS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING WITH SIMULATION APPS

Engineers at the Industrial Technology Research Institute built a simulation app that can be used to predict the performance of laser powder bed fusion, an additive manufacturing process. The app saves time and money during the additive manufacturing process for a 3D printed injector for hybrid rocket engines at Taiwan Innovative Space.

Meeting the sustainable development goals in a tropical climate

AbstractThis article reflects on the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS) Citation Award Lecture delivered in the Industrial Technology Research Institute Symposium on CO2 Utilization and Green Technology during the 18th Asian Chemical Congress held in Taipei, December 12, 2019. Malaysia produces sizable amounts of palm oil and palm kernel oil, with palm fronds and tree trunks as the main waste. At the Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, the biomass was decomposed to produce fine chemicals, used as substrate for mushroom growth, and converted to bio‐coke for heat energy. A notable difference has been found regarding the emission of greenhouse gases from a natural peat forest and those from the oil palm plantation converted from peatlands, where in the palm plantation, water table is lowered and aerobic processes occurs, resulting in more CO2 being released compared to CH4. The introduction of fertilizers to the plantation resulted in more N2O being released. The team has also pioneered a project to plant temperate vegetables. Cooling pipes (16–18°C with circulating water cooled by chiller) were embedded within each thermal conditioning soil plot. Lettuce and radish, the experimental plants, showed good growth in the thermal conditioning soil due to nitrogen‐fixing bacteria, which were destroyed at a higher temperature.

Application of Artificial Interphase on Highly Active NCM811 Cathode Materials

The Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 layered oxide (NCM811) is a kind of high-capacity cathode materials for rechargeable Li-ion batteries. However, due to the high Ni content, NCM811 becomes very active and unstable, especially under high temperature environment. This is the reason why NCM811 cathodes often suffer from electrolyte decomposition and then generate a SEI layer on the surface during charge-discharge cycling.To solve the unstable problems of NCM811, this work is to construct a layer of fluorinated soft artificial interphase on the surface of the NCM811 electrode material by means of simple and convenient polymer-coating and partial-thermal-treatment. When the surface becomes more hydrophobic, the less moisture in the air will adsorb, and it avoids the detrimental reaction with the electrolyte. Also, the coating reacts to some extent with the residue lithium to form lithium fluoride and stabilizes the surface. Electron-conductive additive was added as electron channel to enhance the overall performance of intercalation/deintercalation. The results demonstrate that the artificial surface layer led to substantial improvement in cycle stability.(This work is supported by Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan.)

Reviewer List

Prof. Seongah Chin, College of IT Engineering, Sungkyul Univ., Korea.Prof. Pavel Loskot, Swansea University, UKProf. Yilun Shang, Northumbria University, UKProf. Pawel Kossakowski, Kielce University of Technology, PolandProf. Subhendu Kumar Pani, Orissa Engineering College, IndiaProf. Sérgio I. Lopes, Polytechnic Institute of Vianado Castelo, PortugalProf. Daschievici Luiza, University “Dunarea de Jos” Galati, RomaniaProf. Defu Liu, Ocean university of ChinaProf. Seifedine Kadry, Beirut Arab University, LebanonProf. Mihaela Popescu, University of Craiova, RomaniaDr. Weimo Liu, Google, CA, USAProf. Roohollah Bagherzadeh, Amirkabir University, IranProf. Anand Nayyar, Duy Tan University, VietnamProf. Ilya Simanovskii, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, IsraelProf. Karim eL Moutaouakil, Polydisciplinary Fuculty of Taza, MorrocoDr. Guillermo Escrivá-Escrivá, Universitat Politècnica de València, SpainProf. Zattera Mekkioui, University of Tlemcen. AlgeriaDr. Lecturer, Lutz Schubert, University of Ulm, GermanyProf. M. Prabukumar, School of IT, Vellore Institute of technology, IndiaDr. Senior researcher, Ladislav Zjavka, Technical University of Ostrava, Czech RepProf. Mădălina Dumitriu, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RomaniaDr. Ateeq ur Rehman, University of Agriculture, PakistanProf. Manu Pratap Singh, Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, AgraDr. Lecturer, Mihaela Andrei, Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, IndiaProf. Loc Nguyen, Loc Nguyen’s Academic Network, VietnamProf. J.-R. Poirier, Laplace, University of Toulouse, FranceDr. Loganathan. S, Arba Minch University, EthiopiaProf. Taissir Elganimi, University of Tripoli, LibyaProf. Issam Dawoud, Al-Aqsa University, PalestineProf. Zoltán Ernő Csajbók, University of Debrecen, HungaryProf. Nahid Fatima, Amity University, IndiaProf. Vineet Jain, Mewat Engineering College, IndiaSenior Lecturer, Ioan-Lucian Popa, University Alba Iulia, RomaniaDr. Sarah Samad, Lebanese University, LebanonDr. Merouane SALHI, Blida University, AlgeriaProf. Dejan Dragan, University of Maribor, SloveniaProf. Rémi Léandre, University of Bourgogne, FranceDr. R. DELSHIHOWSALYA DEVI, Bharat Institute of Engineering & Technology, IndiaDr. M.M.KAMRUZZAMAN, Al Jouf University, Saudi ArabiaProf. Takfarinas Saber, School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, IrelandProf. Dariusz Jacek Jakóbczak, University of Gdansk, PolandProf. Khadir Mohamed Tarek, University of Badji Mokhtar, AlgeriaDr. Ray-Hwa Wong, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan, R.O.C.Dr. M. MADHIARASAN, Bharat Institute of Engineering and Technology, IndiaProf. Ayeley P. TCHANGANI, Université Toulouse, FranceProf. Gorakh Nath Chaurasia, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, IndiaProf. S.Balakrishnan, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, IndiaDr. Kotapally Harish Kumar, IIT Roorkee, IndiaDr. Shikha Kumari, Jawaharlal Nehru University, IndiaProf. Hasan AYDOGAN, Selcuk University, TurkeyProf. Hua Yi Lin, China University of Technology, TaiwanDr. Paria Assari, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan Branch IranProf. Elżbieta Macioszek, Silesian University of Technology, PolandProf. Manoj Kumar Patra, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, IndiaDr. A.Venkata Subramanian, Anna University, IndiaDr. Sajib Chakraborty, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, BelgiumProf. Najmeh Neysani Samany, University of Tehran, IranDr. Chaoxian Wu, University of Liverpool, UKDr. Omid Aminoroayai Yamani, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, IranDr. Grzegorz Woroniak, Bialystok University of Technology, PolandProf. Grande Nagajyothi, Dept.of Micro & Nanoelectronics SENSE School, IndiaDr. Mohamad Nejat, Fasa University,IranDr. Arun Kishor Johar, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, IndiaDr. Konstantinos M. Giannoutakis, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, GreeceDr. Ertugrul Dogruluk, Centro Algoritmi / University of Minho-PortugalProf. Galkowski Krzysztof, University of Zielona Gora, PolandProf. Stefan SEGLA, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, SLOVAKIADr. Shamsa Kanwal, Fatima Jinnah Women University, PakistanDr. Nelson Méndez Lianes, University of Havana, Cuba.Dr. Salem Sati, Misurata University, LibyaDr. Mohamed El-Amine SLIMANI, University of Science and Technology “USTHB”, AlgeriaDr. Ali Al-Balhawi, Mustansiriyah University, IraqDr. Amira Zaylaa, Lebanese University, LebanonProf. Pedram MASOUDI, Geovariances, FranceDr. Seyedahmad Shahahmadi, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, MalaysiaProf. Pavlo Maruschak, Ternopil Ivan Pul’uj National Technical University, UkraineDr. Vaishali Gupta, IPS Academy, Institute of Engineering & Science, IndiaDr. Peter ChunYu YAU, School of Continuing and Professional Education, City University of Hong KongDr. Shonak Bansal, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), IndiaDr. Ridhwaan Suliman, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South AfricaDr. Thein, Yu University of Computer Studies, MyanmarProf. Curtis Miller, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, U.S.A.Dr. Mouhat Ouadia, University Mohammed V, MoroccoDr. Amir Shirkhani, Civil Structural Engineering University of Tabriz, IranProf. Volodymyr Khilenko, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences, UkraineProf. Badrul Hisham Ahmad, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, MalaysiaDr. Stamatis Karlos, Unversity of Patras, GreeceProf. Said El Kafhali, Hassan 1st University, MoroccoProf. Amirreza Ghadimi-Avval, University of Arkansas, USADr. Vrjayan Gurumurthy Iyer, Open Learning Program in Entrepreneurship of The EDI, India

The Traceability Improvement and Comparison of Bell Prover as the Indonesian National Standard of Gas Volume Flow Rate

Traceability is urgent to guarantee the truth of measurement, particularly for National Standard. Although a bell prover facility has established as the national low pressure gas flow standard of Indonesia since 2008, the measurement capability (15 to 1400 L/min, U95 = 0.20%) of the bell prover has not been traceable to SI Units. Moreover, displacement values provided by the bell prover’s manufacturer by rotary encoder method are still used. The limit detector by optical sensor to measure displacement is worthy to achieve dimensional traceability which can be switched by ultrasonic sensor for reasonable solution. The aim of this study is to improve the traceability of the bell prover by reasonable solution and then validate the gas volume flow rate measurement by inter-laboratory comparison. The Center for Measurement Standards (CMS), Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), was invited to participate in the bilateral comparison, and a gas turbine flow meter was used as the transfer standard. The bell prover has been successfully traceable to SI units, particularly displacement measurement through flying start/stop method by limit of ultrasonic sensor (250 to 1200 L/min, U95 = 0.80% passing assessment report). Despite having larger uncertainty than manufacturer specification, the results are better for more in of layer comparison. Because the effect of turbine drift should be a concern, the gap of measurement time for inter-laboratory comparison is recommended to minimize as many as possible. Furthermore, the measurement range of bell prover should be reduced as reasonability purpose.

Preliminary evaluation of value—added bio-based building blocks

The global economic system is currently organised to exploit fossil fuel-based technologies. Resources are extracted from the earth and undergo a multitude of different processing steps to become a myriad of different and essential everyday products. Unfortunately, most of these products are disposed of soon after use and can cause huge waste disposal and environmental problems. In addition, the manufacturing process itself can cause further problems. This linear system has proven extremely effective at production; however, it is, ultimately, unsustainable. The dream future for both the environment and resource conservation is an economy that is capable to reusing used end-products – a circular economy. The path to a circular economy, however, is a winding and treacherous one. To make it work, it is necessary to consider the whole system and the wide variety of stakeholders therein. It is essential to work out the incentives for manufacturers, users and potential re-users, as well as those of governments and nations. Most importantly, the technology underpinning it has to be as good or better than those that are currently in use. Researchers at the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Taiwan are working to develop one important section of the linear fossil fuel economy into a more circular form. The team, led by Dr Guang-Way Bill Jang, are working on producing polymers from biological sources. They are also working on developing new materials and chemicals from these sources.

Bridging innovation and commercialization to create value: An open innovation study

The paper demonstrates how ITRI (the Industrial Technology Research Institute), an internationally prominent non-profit R&D organization, designs a platform-based open innovation system to capitalize on its efforts toward creating economic and social value. We illustrate a holistic framework spanning idea generation to commercialization, and present successful ITRI cases. Detailed actionable descriptions of activities in each innovation stage illustrate the operational implementation of the end-to-end open innovation system. We find distinctive success factors: (1) Managers examine their open innovation strategies and activities by viewing the open innovation process from a system perspective. (2) Outside and inside advisors with investment backgrounds help commercialization planning. (3) A neutral catalyst organization within ITRI is a critical player, maintaining the smooth flow of the end-to-end process. Our findings provide important implications for research and management in open innovation as well as for the systematic commercialization of innovation.

Industry Performance Appraisal Using Improved MCDM for Next Generation of Taiwan

It is critical for manufacturing sectors to improve maximum performance to foster a competitive advantage. This article aims to analyze how the manufacturing industry can promote its performance to achieve sustainable development. We embark performance evaluation on Taiwanese manufacturing sectors which have profound implications in the global manufacturing supply chain. This study collected public information and reliable data from the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) covering 12 Taiwanese manufacturing industries. Performance evaluation indicators consist of four inputs chosen from a set of six items, whereas one output is from a set of three items. The analysis from Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is conducted including CCR (Charnes, Cooper, & Rhodes) efficiency, BCC (Banker et al.) efficiency, A&P(Andersen and Petersen) efficiency, cross-efficiency and D&G(Doyle and Green) efficiency plus the VIKOR prioritization method to evaluate the 12 manufacturing industries in Taiwan. The comprehensive analysis and comparison results of this study show the sophisticated outcomes through the analysis of DEA and VIKOR. In another objective evaluation, the efficiency of DEA proves a certain correlation between the model and the measurement of the VIKOR method. The results indicate that Taiwan’s manufacturing industry is moving towards design innovation thinking towards the high value of its own brand, whereas the industries in China and South East Asia appear different. The results can provide the best practice to allow the international manufacturing industry to enjoy a resurgence after falling output and diminishing labor force.