Industrial, Scientific And Medical Frequency Band Research Articles

Compact Dual Band and Dual Polarized CPW-Fed Triangular Shaped Wearable Antenna for ISM band Applications

ABSTRACT A coexisting compact dual coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed dual-band and dual-polarized triangular-shaped wearable antenna (TSWA) is proposed for 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) frequency bands. The proposed antenna of area 722 mm2 is fabricated on polyimide substrate (thickness of 1.6 mm and relative permittivity of 3.5). The two identical inverted-L-shaped feed stubs are employed orthogonally in wide triangular slot to provide both horizontally and vertically polarized radiations in both ISM bands. An additional Y-shaped copper strip is introduced to isolate the two inverted-L-shaped feed stubs in order to achieve higher isolation in both 2.45 and 5.8 GHz operational frequency bands. The proposed TSWA achieves similar −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 21.7% (2.30 ̶ 2.86 GHz) and 14.26% (5.60 ̶ 6.46 GHz) respectively for dual-polarized radiations along with more than 20 dB isolation in both 2.45 and 5.8 GHz ISM bands. The effect of human loading on performance of proposed TSWA is also studied. The proposed antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested. The simulated results are verified and validated with measured ones and thus, makes it suitable for wearable ISM bands applications.

Respiration and Activity Detection Based on Passive Radio Sensing in Home Environments

The pervasive deployment of connected devices in modern society has significantly changed the nature of the wireless landscape, especially in the license free industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands. This paper introduces a deep learning enabled passive radio sensing method that can monitor human respiration and daily activities through leveraging unplanned and ever-present wireless bursts in the ISM frequency band, and can be employed as an additional data input within healthcare informatics. Wireless connected biomedical sensors (Medical Things) rely on coding and modulating of the sensor data onto wireless (radio) bursts which comply with specific physical layer standards like 802.11, 802.15.1 or 802.15.4. The increasing use of these unplanned connected sensors has led to a pell-mell of radio bursts which limit the capacity and robustness of communication channels to deliver data, whilst also increasing inter-system interference. This paper presents a novel methodology to disentangle the chaotic bursts in congested radio environments in order to provide healthcare informatics. The radio bursts are treated as pseudo noise waveforms which eliminate the requirement to extract embedded information through signal demodulation or decoding. Instead, we leverage the phase and frequency components of these radio bursts in conjunction with cross ambiguity function (CAF) processing and a Deep Transfer Network (DTN). We use 2.4GHz 802.11 (WiFi) signals to demonstrate experimentally the capability of this technique for human respiration detection (including through-the-wall), and classifying everyday but complex human motions such as standing, sitting and falling.

Double Fibonacci Spiral Microstrip Patch Antenna for Dual Band Applications

Double Fibonacci spiral in a circle with microstrip line feeding technique is designed in the frequency range from 0.1GHz to 6GHz. The antenna is designed and simulated in computer simulation technology microwave studio software, substrate Fr-4 with thickness 1.59mm is used and antenna parameters such as return loss, surface current, E-field, H-field and gain are calculated for Double Fibonacci spiral microstrip patch (DFSM) antenna. The antenna is used for ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) frequency band (2.45GHz) and a new unutilized band for next generation services, gain is 2.22dB and 3.16dB and bandwidth is 25.94% and 22.83% on resonating frequencies.

Teknologi Bluetooth dengan Mekanisme Multihop

Bluetooth is a wireless communication technology that is used to exchange information, at a lower cost, use low power, the ability to work or interact between applications through approved protocols is very good, and easy operation. The Bluetooth operating range works on the 2.4 GHz unlicensed ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) frequency band using a frequency hopping tranceiver that is able to provide real-time data and voice communication services between Bluetooth hosts. When Bluetooth devices communicate with each other, they will form a dynamic network called piconet, a network consisting of master and slave, in one piconet of no more than 7 slaves. Bluetooth also supports connections between piconets called scattemets. The mechanism for connecting between one piconet and another is called a hop mechanism.

Overview of ISM Bands and Software-Defined Radio Experimentation

Wireless systems using low-power wireless communication protocol are rapidly gain popularity in the license-free industrial scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency bands. One such emerging trend in ISM frequency bands is home automation. Historically, all the home devices were once unconnected, today are now being connected either by a wired or wireless connection. The low-power wireless communication protocols enable integration of all the digital home devices into a single system and enhance end user product experience. The rapid prototyping of these end user product using programmable radio system such as software-defined radio (SDR) has been the game-changer in the field of home automation. In this article, we present an overview of popular ISM bands in different regions of the world. Furthermore, we analyze the signals from the wireless electric switch using a software-defined radio in 433 MHz ISM band.

On-body investigation of a compact planar antenna on multilayer polymer composite for body-centric wireless communications

A compact wearable flexible antenna, designed for optimal on-body performance in the 2.45GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band, is proposed. Three different human body models (numerical three-layer and homogeneous tissue-equivalent model, and fabricated homogeneous tissue-equivalent phantom) are used to analyze the on-body performance of the antenna and specific absorption rate (SAR). The proposed antenna achieves more than 15.7% on-body radiation efficiency in the whole ISM frequency band and the peak 1g average SAR less than 0.18W/kg when it is placed directly over the skin of body model. The measured results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed antenna. Furthermore, the proposed antenna offer advantages of being low profile, cheap and easy to fabricate. Low SAR values and high on-body antenna efficiency, making such an antenna a suited candidate for incorporation into various wearable devices for body-centric communications.

Ultra-High Tunability of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{Ba}_{(2/3)}\text{Sr}_{(1/3)}\text{TiO}_{3}$</tex-math> </inline-formula>-Based Capacitors Under Low Electric Fields

We report the high-frequency electrical characterization of $\text{Ba}_{2/3}\text{Sr}_{1/3}\text{TiO}_{3}$ (BST) thin films exhibiting a very high dielectric tunability with low losses at 2.45 GHz under very low applied electrical fields. BST layers were integrated in out-of-plane Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) devices with optimized Ir/MgO(100) bottom electrodes. The high frequency properties of BST films with thicknesses of 200 nm, 450 nm and 1450 nm were thoroughly investigated in the 100 MHz–10 GHz domain and exhibit extremely high capacitance tuning abilities of 82%, 81% and 70% respectively, under applied voltages as low as 10 V. MIM devices responses show the onset of acoustic resonances associated with the BST electrostrictive behavior under an electric field. By combining high tunability with low resistive losses under low applied voltages, these devices are opening promising avenues for their integration in high-performance tunable devices in the microwave domain and particularly at 2.45 GHz, corresponding to the widely used ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) frequency band.

소형화 구조를 위한 koch curve 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나 설계

The antenna miniaturization technique involves the increment of the electrical length of the resonator the variation of the physical appearance of the antenna. The most typical method of size reduction is designing helical antenna, meander antenna, and fractal antenna. Size reduction using fractal antenna is proposed in this paper. Fractal koch curve has been etched in microstrip patch antenna to downsize the antenna at ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) frequency band of 2.45 ㎓ koch curve microstrip patch antenna ha FR4 epoxy substrate with dielectric constant 4.7, loss tangent equal to 0.02 and dielectric high of 1.6 ㎜. The designed antenna is fabricated using etching process. The fabricated antenna has return loss of 2.45 ㎓, VSWR of 1.1492, and impedance is matched to 46 Ω.

IJARCCE - Computer and Communication Engineering

Phased arrays are a form of steerable antenna whose performance motivates the development of alternative structures which allow us to obtain simplified designs as powerful as the original approach but significantly cheaper. A System based design of phased array antenna using Advanced Design System is employed in ISM (The Industrial, Scientific and Medical) frequency range. Array antennas are used extensively in remote sensing applications, where a highly directive beam is needed to scan a particular area of interest on the surface of the earth. The study focuses on the design of different microstrip patch antenna arrays to be used in environmental sensing applications in the ISM frequency bands. Arrays of microstrip patches are easily printed on substrates using photolithography techniques and can be mass produced at cheap costs. In this paper we have implemented two types of array model using rectangular patch. Specifically, 1X2 and 2X2. This study includes design of feedback network, impedance matching, and return loss calculation. The substrate used is FR4 with dielectric constant of 4.6 and thickness about 1.6mm. The feed network is designed and optimized using ADS 2013 and then integrated with the array. I. INTRODUCTION In antenna theory, a phased array is an array of antennas in which the relative phases of the respective signals feeding the antennas are varied in such a way that the effective radiation pattern of the array is reinforced in a desired direction and suppressed in undesired directions.

항만물류 응용에서의 WiFI와 Zigbee 망간 선제적 패킷 충동 회피 알고리즘

USNs (Ubiquitous Sensor Networks) such as IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee network share ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) frequency band with WiFi networks. Once both networks operate in a region, packet collision may happen because of frequency overlapping. To assure this possibility, we conducted experiments where WiFi and ZigBee communication networks had been installed in an area. As a result of the test, successful data transmission rate were reduced due to the frequency overlapping between a WiFi communication channel and a ZigBee communication band. To cope with this problem, we propose a collision avoidance algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, if frequency collision is sensed, new communication channel with different frequency band is allocated to each node. Performance of the proposed frequency collision avoidance algorithm was tested and the results were described.

An active mass damper system for structural control using real-time wireless sensors

In the field of civil engineering, wireless sensor networks are conceived to be deployed in structural monitoring systems. In the structural control applications, the requirement of continuous and real-time sensing represents the main challenge for the wireless sensor network due to the problem of data loss. In this paper, the authors attempt to introduce wireless links and a digital controller into a structural control system for a reduced-scale three-story steel frame mounted on a shaking table. The structural control system mainly consists of four accelerometers, a structural controller, and an active mass damper as actuator. The designed wireless sensors are based on the use of recent low-power System-on-Chip wireless CC1110 transceivers, which integrate an 8051 microcontroller core and are able to operate in most of the license-free ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) frequency bands. The active mass damper is driven by a newly designed digital PID (proportional, integral, and derivative) direct-current motor controller, which is based on the high integration power amplifier LMD18200 and the enhanced 8051 core in CC1110. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An ultra-low power ISM-band integer-N frequency synthesizer dedicated to implantable medical microsystems

In this article, the architectural choices and design of a fully integrated integer-N frequency synthesizer operating in the 902---928 MHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band is presented. This frequency synthesizer, optimized for ultra-low power operation, is being integrated in the transceiver of an implantable wireless sensing microsystem (IWSM), which is dedicated to in vivo monitoring of biological parameters such as temperature, pressure, pH, oxygen, and nitric oxide concentrations. This phase-locked loop-based synthesizer includes a 1.830 GHz LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) using a 10 nH on chip inductor. Varactors are implemented using P+ in N-well diodes for their linearity and high quality factor. The transistors of the VCO are operated in moderate inversion, and their bias point was chosen using the g m/I d design methodology. The output of the VCO, operating at twice the ISM frequency band, is divided by 2 to generate differential, quadrature versions of the carrier. Power minimization of the programmable divider was achieved by designing the latches and flip-flops using appropriate circuit techniques such as True Single Phase Clocking (TSPC) and first-type Dynamic Single Transistor Clocking (DSTC1) depending on their operating frequency. The power consumption of the proposed synthesizer is 580 μW under 1 V; almost an order of magnitude lower compared to that of recent synthesizer designs having a similar architecture.