Industrial Safety Regulations Research Articles

О применении федеральных норм и правил, регулирующих организацию работ на опасных производственных объектах горно-металлургической промышленности

The article considers the regulatory and legal control of industrial safety as to the organization of safe work at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry of the Russian Federation. The historical aspects of the development of the regulatory framework of occupational safety in the Russian Federation that earlier divided the requirements for the organization of safe work into occupational safety and industrial safety have been mentioned. The analysis of the systems of regulatory and legal framework of the international and Russian legislations, as well as the industrial practices of occupational safety management implies that the activities to ensure the organization of safe work must be constantly developing. The evaluation of the Russian legislation has demonstrated that the tight links between the legal areas of occupational safety and industrial safety did not consider some aspects of the requirements for industrial safety regulation. General industrial safety requirements provide for the development of regulatory and legal acts such as federal norms and rules that contain more detailed requirements for ensuring the safety of workflows, employees, and other specific types of activities. In order to resolve the issues of the organization of safe work, the Federal norms and rules «Ensuring industrial safety in the organization of work at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry» approved by the Order of Rostechnadzor on November 13, 2020, № 440 (hereinafter FNP), were developed. When developing the Federal norms and rules for industrial safety, the entire range of requirements for the safety of the organization of various jobs has been analyzed; the requirements for the work organization at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry have been formulated. Earlier, these jobs were regulated only by the requirements contained in the regulatory and legal acts of occupational safety. The article refers to the sections of the Federal norms and rules for industrial safety where classification of the types of jobs at hazardous production facilities at the current stage are explained as the basis for further development of legal regulation. Explanations for the following sections are provided: on the work organization during operation, maintenance, and repair of equipment and building construction and repairs; on determining and controlling high-risk jobs; on organizational and engineering measures regulating high-risk jobs; on work permits for high-risk jobs; and on the decision-making when choosing safety tools for the work organization. The current aspects of regulatory and legal control over high-risk jobs contained in the Federal norms and rules for industrial safety will be a significant contribution to the understanding of occupational safety processes as to their use by senior officials of enterprises in order to ensure further reduction of accident rate at enterprises of the mining and metallurgical industry of the Russian Federation.

О применении федеральных норм и правил, регулирующих организацию работ на опасных производственных объектах горно-металлургической промышленности

The article considers the regulatory and legal control of industrial safety as to the organization of safe work at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry of the Russian Federation. The historical aspects of the development of the regulatory framework of occupational safety in the Russian Federation that earlier divided the requirements for the organization of safe work into occupational safety and industrial safety have been mentioned. The analysis of the systems of regulatory and legal framework of the international and Russian legislations, as well as the industrial practices of occupational safety management implies that the activities to ensure the organization of safe work must be constantly developing. The evaluation of the Russian legislation has demonstrated that the tight links between the legal areas of occupational safety and industrial safety did not consider some aspects of the requirements for industrial safety regulation. General industrial safety requirements provide for the development of regulatory and legal acts such as federal norms and rules that contain more detailed requirements for ensuring the safety of workflows, employees, and other specific types of activities. In order to resolve the issues of the organization of safe work, the Federal norms and rules «Ensuring industrial safety in the organization of work at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry» approved by the Order of Rostechnadzor on November 13, 2020, № 440 (hereinafter FNP), were developed. When developing the Federal norms and rules for industrial safety, the entire range of requirements for the safety of the organization of various jobs has been analyzed; the requirements for the work organization at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry have been formulated. Earlier, these jobs were regulated only by the requirements contained in the regulatory and legal acts of occupational safety. The article refers to the sections of the Federal norms and rules for industrial safety where classification of the types of jobs at hazardous production facilities at the current stage are explained as the basis for further development of legal regulation. Explanations for the following sections are provided: on the work organization during operation, maintenance, and repair of equipment and building construction and repairs; on determining and controlling high-risk jobs; on organizational and engineering measures regulating high-risk jobs; on work permits for high-risk jobs; and on the decision-making when choosing safety tools for the work organization. The current aspects of regulatory and legal control over high-risk jobs contained in the Federal norms and rules for industrial safety will be a significant contribution to the understanding of occupational safety processes as to their use by senior officials of enterprises in order to ensure further reduction of accident rate at enterprises of the mining and metallurgical industry of the Russian Federation.

Trauma-Related Deaths in the Accident and Emergency Department of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Background: Trauma is a significant contributor to morbidity, disabilities, loss of man hours and mortality in both the developed and developing world with 90% of global trauma deaths occurring in low and middle income countries. The extent of motor vehicular use, degree of adherence to use of safety gadgets, strength of enforcement of industrial safety regulations, level of civil unrest as well as other socio-demographic indices predict the contribution of various etiologic factors. Deaths from the trauma may perhaps have far more psychologic and physical impact on families that from acute/chronic medical cases Method: A retrospective study of the admission records and in-patient records of all trauma related deaths in the accident and emergency unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2022 was done. Relevant information was extracted and analyzed. Data obtained was analyzed descriptively. Results were presented in tables and charts where necessary. Means and standard deviations were used to represent certain variables. Results: Total emergencies (medical and surgical) seen within the study period were 42,443, total injuries seen were 10,787 giving a crude injury prevalence rate of 25.4%. There were a total of 766 deaths among injured patients giving a crude mortality rate of 7.1%. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) (46.3%) and Firearm injuries (23.5%) were the most common injury mechanisms seen. Traumatic brain injuries are by far the leading cause of trauma-related deaths in the ER (82.5%) with most deaths (96.1%) occurring within the first 72hours of Admission. Conclusion: Trauma-related deaths occur in 7.1% of all injuries presenting at the study sight. The most common mechanism is RTA while the most affected victim is the young adult male. Traumatic brain injury accounts for more deaths than all others combined with most of the deaths occurring within the first 72hours of presentation. All efforts at reducing these injuries should be encouraged.

이주민 취업자의 건강검진 참여와 인구사회학적 및 건강관련 특성과의 관계

Health examinations facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of diseases, contributing to the improvement of individuals’ health and the reduction of the burden on the nation's healthcare services. The purpose of this study was to identify the sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with participation in health examinations among migrant workers in South Korea. This study was a secondary data analysis study using data from the 2022 Gwangju city migrant health status survey. In this study, 243 employed migrants aged 20 years or older were selected as the study subjects. We used 18 variables and conducted logistic regression analyses to identify predictors for participation in health examinations. A total of 66.3% of the subjects participated in health examinations. The factors that influenced health examination participation were industry type (OR=3.99, 95% CI 1.50-10.63), monthly income (OR=4.09, 95% CI 1.48-11.32), and interest in health information (OR=3.27, 95% CI 1.26-8.50). Migrants who worked in agricultural, fishery, and construction industries, had a monthly income of less than 1.5 million won, and had low interest in health information were more likely to not participate in health examinations. To protect the health of migrant workers, institutional improvement is needed to supplement industrial safety regulations and supervision for small businesses in the agricultural, fishery, and construction industries, where migrants are concentrated. In addition, to raise the awareness of migrant workers about the importance of preventive health care, it is necessary to develop and utilize health information that is appropriate for their language and culture.

Low-cost system for real-time verification of personal protective equipment in industrial facilities using edge computing devices

Ensure worker safety in the industry is crucial. Despite efforts to improve safety, statistics show a plateau in the reduction of these accidents in recent years. To decrease the number of accidents, compliance with established industrial safety standards and regulations by competent authorities must be ensured, including the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). PPE usage is of paramount importance, as it is essential to prevent accidents from occurring. This work aims to improve worker safety by verifying PPE usage. Technology plays a key role here. A cost-effective solution is proposed to monitor PPE usage in real time. Most existing safety control systems are costly and require considerable maintenance. A low-cost computer vision system is proposed to supervise safety in industrial facilities. This system uses object detection and tracking technology in low-cost embedded devices and can generate alarms in real time if PPE is not used. Unlike other works, temporal information is used to generate the alarms. Safety managers receive this information to take necessary actions. Emphasis has been placed on cost, scalability, and ease of use to facilitate system implementation in industrial plants. The result is an effective system that improves worker safety by verifying established safety measures at a reduced cost. The methodology used improves the Average Precision of PPE detection by 6%. In addition, unlike other studies, the problem of application deployment is addressed, which has an impact on its cost.

Regulatory policy choice in post‐reform contexts: The case of industrial safety regulation in Mexico's oil and gas industry

AbstractHow do the systemic features of a developing country shape regulatory policy choices? This paper examines the rationale behind the regulatory strategy adopted by Mexico's Safety, Energy, and Environment Agency (the ASEA), established after the country's 2013 energy reform to oversee the environmental and industrial safety of the entire national oil and gas sector. Building on the literature on high‐hazard regulation and the necessary conditions for effective regulatory design, we examine 24 core regulatory‐oversight instruments implemented by the agency in its initial years of operation. Our evidence suggests that the ASEA's regulatory strategy was shaped by the disparities in resources across different sectors of the country's oil and gas industry and the agency's limited capacity to oversee every stage of the industrial process systematically. These findings provide a greater understanding of the challenges faced by agencies seeking to oversee high‐hazard industries in post‐reform and developing contexts.

Тенденции динамики фоновых показателей опасностей аварий на опасных производственных объектах

For the constructive implementation of a risk-oriented approach in the field of ensuring industrial safety, the real guidelines are needed for the existing hazards of accidents, as well as the achieved and desired level of ensuring industrial safety. One of the important indicators of the industrial safety state can be the background risk of accidents, which is recorded not at a separate hazardous production facility, but in the branch systems of hazardous industries. By changing the ratio of the background risk of an accident in the industry and at a specific supervised facility, one can judge the status and the efficiency of industrial safety management systems at an operating hazardous production facility. A hazardous production facility, as the main source of knowledge about hazards and the application of forces in the field of ensuring industrial safety, has the distinctive properties of both «hazard» and «productivity». To assess the state of safety at a hazardous production facility, special indicators are required that show the interaction of the properties of «hazard» and «productivity». The article presents the trends in the proposed indicators of accident hazard in certain industries over the past 25 years. These indicators do not cancel, but only supplement the traditional indicators of accidents and injuries allowing to assess the risk of accidents in the transitional and crisis periods. The background risk of an accident is a representative indicator for assessing the efficiency of using both traditional control and supervision approaches and mastering modern risk-oriented approaches to industrial safety regulation.

Study on the impact of human factors on health and safety performance

Although industries are showing a substantial progress in controlling occupational hazards, health and safety, recurrences of accidents and industrial disasters have caused studies related to enhancing the emergency responses and safety capability assessments across industries. This study emphasises primarily for the need for an increased attention associated with human factors and its association with organizational policies and practices in occupational safety and health management (OSHM) and the study furthermore proposes an effective approach for analysing its effects with goal for addressing on reinforcing the industrial safety protocols and regulations with regards to hazards assessment. The present study addresses on key concerns attributing on whether the present industrial policies, objectives, protocols, critical communication, safety culture, training and competency development programmes and facilities and services within the industry are in correlation with OSHM standards as it is pivotal for the safety department and improving standard protocol for further strengthening, coordinating and collectively monitoring the execution of all the actions intended to deal with an industrial accident and its impacts. The findings from the rendered cross-sectional regression data from the series of sessions were explored over the course of the study investigation.

The Prospects of the Formation of Scientifi c and Technical Support System Organizations in the Industrial Safety Field

The article is devoted to the problems of the scientifi c and technical support management provided by specialized organizations during the process of state regulation of industrial safety. The article considers the phenomenon of industrial safety regulation as ensuring the state of protection of national interests within the framework of the concept of sustainable development. The institute of regulatory impact assessment is considered in the article as a key element of the system of eff ective state regulation. The study analyses various types of science and technology support organisations (STSOs) in Russian and international jurisdictions, their place and assigned role. The rigour of state regulation of industrial safety and the eff ectiveness of SSTIs is assessed. The paper focuses on an analysis of the IAEA’s approach to providing support for industrial safety regulation from a science and technology perspective, and the importance of involving support organisations in this process. Based on the study, recommendations in the fi eld of industrial safety are formulated and the eff ects of the involvement of scientifi c and technical support organisations are highlighted. The recommendations presented by the author are substantiated by references to the world practice of scientifi c and technical support organization and the results of the review of scientifi c publications of other authors on the stated issue. The results of the study will be of interest to specialists in the fi eld of industrial safety management, regulatory impact assessment and provision of scientifi c and technical support

Coping with Private Lobbies in Industrial and Product Safety Regulation: A Literature Survey

Coping with Private Lobbies in Industrial and Product Safety Regulation: A Literature Survey

Micro-perforated panels for noise reduction

Space limitations in duct applications, new industrial and health safety regulations require new absorber configurations. Micro-perforated panels (MPP) as used in micro-perforated absorbers (MPA) allow new sound absorber concepts in the category of metamaterials. In this contribution we investigate MPA designs for the low and mid-to-high frequency range and apply finite element (FE) simulations to precisely design absorber configurations for applications in room acoustics and axial fans. The investigations show that the MPA’s cavity configuration must be customized for the desired frequency range and has significant influence on fan performance when applied in a duct flow setup.

On the Use of Standards and Guidelines as a Tool to Fulfil Regulatory Requirements.

Over the years, industrial safety regulation has shifted from a "hard" command and control regime to a "soft" regime. A "hard" regime includes the use of strict prescriptive requirements which explain how industry should solve particular issues. A "soft" regime, uses more functional requirements, pointing out what goals are to be achieved. In a "soft" regime, prescriptive standards might still exist, but they are considered suggested solutions, with alternative solutions also being considered if they achieve the overall regulatory goals. The purpose of such a shift is to create regulations that are more flexible, meaning that they are more open for the use of novel technology and for the use of risk assessments as a basis for decision making. However, it is not clear that the shift from a hard to a soft regime has made it easier to use risk assessments for such a purpose in practice. In the present article, we discuss the limitations caused by strict adherence to prescriptive requirements presented in standards or regulations and present our perspective on why and how these can limit risk managementin practice. The article aims to discuss the strengths and weaknesses, with regard to risk management, when regulations are strictly dependent on prescriptive or specification-based standards and guidelines. Several examples are used to illustrate some of the main challenges related to the use of specification-based technical standards and how the regulatory shift from "hard" to "soft" has not necessarily made it easier to implement technological solutions based on risk assessments.

Decision-Making for Implementing Industrial Safety Principles in Large Power Engineering Systems

This article considers issues of safely operating hydrocarbon storage and transportation facilities, which are noted in the latest amendments to Russia’s industrial safety legislation. The principles of the system-level analysis of maintaining industrial security while operating hydrocarbon storage and transport facilities are developed taking into account the principles of structuring possibilities of improving the level of reliability at enterprises, which entails a reduce in the risk of accidents and emergencies at hazardous production facilities. This favors the creation of a fundamentally new basis for elaborating theoretical models of monitoring hydrocarbon storage and transport facilities for compliance with industrial safety regulations and will also facilitate the obtaining of data for further application in practice.

EPA rescinds industry safety provisions

The US Environmental Protection Agency has finalized an overhaul to its industry Risk Management Program (RMP), weakening provisions intended to protect communities and workers from industrial accidents at some 12,500 plants that use, make, or store some of the world’s most dangerous chemicals. The RMP rule dates back to 1990 but was revised after a deadly ammonium nitrate fertilizer explosion in West, Texas, in 2013. Fifteen people were killed. A school, a nursing home, and an apartment building and other homes nearby sustained damage. Then-president Barack Obama ordered a sweeping examination of federal industrial safety regulations. The EPA at that time reported that some 1,500 accidents had occurred over a recent 10-year period at RMP-covered facilities. Those accidents had led to nearly 60 deaths, 17,000 injuries, the evacuation of 500,000 people, and property damage of more than $2 billion. The RMP modification was the only significant regulatory change to emerge

Effect of wall thinning on deformation and failure of copper‐nickel alloy elbows subjected to low cycle fatigue

Various industrial standards and safety regulations specify the minim number of cycles, which pressure equipment must tolerate during a single seismic event. The compliance with these standards and regulations is necessary in order to ensure safety and strength of critical structural components, eg, pressure pipe system of the primary coolant loop of nuclear reactors or condensed water supply of large hospitals or other large facilities. However, the strength can degrade with time due to flow accelerated corrosion causing wall thinning. Pipe bends are particularly susceptible to the localised corrosion, and, therefore, these structural elements need a special consideration. The current paper studies the effect of localised corrosion on low cycle fatigue behaviour of a copper‐nickel elbows using experiment and finite element method (FEM). The outcomes of the study demonstrate a quite low reduction of low cycle fatigue life even at severe local wall thinning at different locations.

Human factors in occupational health and safety 4.0: a cross-sectional correlation study of workload, stress and outcomes of an industrial emergency response

Industrial hazards and emergency response capability assessment studies are still poorly focusing on the impact of human factors on the response phase in the aftermath of an industrial accident. This study pushes for an increased attention on human factors, such as stress and perceived workload, in the occupational health and safety 4.0 and proposes an approach to analyse their effects with the ultimate aim to include them in the design of industrial safety protocols and regulations and in the assessment of hazards. The present paper answers the question whether and to what extent stress and the perceived workload are correlated to the capability of the emergency manager to coordinate and monitor the execution of all the actions intended to deal with an industrial accident and its effects. The findings of a cross-sectional regression of data collected from a series of training sessions carried out by means of virtual reality and serious games technologies show how a balanced workload and the ability to control emotivity are preconditions for mastering procedures and responding in the optimal way to an industrial emergency scenario.

EPA revises industrial safety regulation

The Environmental Protection Agency has reproposed a controversial regulation intended to protect communities, workers, and emergency responders by preventing accidents at chemical plants, refineries, and other facilities that handle large amounts of hazardous and potentially dangerous chemicals. The regulation was issued in the last days of the Obama administration but put on hold last year by incoming EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt. Pruitt’s rewrite removes several provisions pushed by community and worker advocates. It would rescind accident-prevention provisions that require independent root-cause accident investigations, third-party process audits, and consideration of the use of safer alternative manufacturing technologies, according to an EPA summary. It also removes requirements that would have made some plant-supplied information public and provisions for greater emergency response coordination, citing security concerns. Overall, the changes focus on a 25-year-old provision of the Clean Air Act called the Risk Management Program. RMP covers some 12,500 facilities that, according to EPA,

Фоновые показатели аварийности — индикаторы эффективности введения инструментов регулирования промышленной безопасности

Фоновые показатели аварийности — индикаторы эффективности введения инструментов регулирования промышленной безопасности

EPA issues long-delayed chemical plant safety rule

The Environmental Protection Agency has updated a 25-year-old regulation intended to reduce chemical plant accidents and protect communities, workers, and emergency responders. The revision to EPA’s Risk Management Program (RMP) is part of a sweeping regulatory overhaul of federal industrial safety regulations ordered by President Barack Obama in 2013. Obama directed agencies to make changes in the wake of the deaths of 15 people, mostly emergency responders, in explosion of ammonium nitrate fertilizer at a fertilizer warehouse in West, Texas. RMP provisions cover some 12,500 facilities that, according to EPA, reported 1,500 accidents over a recent 10-year period. These incidents involved nearly 60 deaths, 17,000 injuries, the evacuation of 500,000 people, and property damage of more than $2 billion. Among changes, the new regulation calls for independent, third-party audits of companies after an accident or near-accident and consideration of inherently safer manufacturing approaches. However, the rule specifies that implementation of

Effectiveness of Direct Safety Regulations on Manufacturers and Users of Industrial Machines: Its Implications on Industrial Safety Policies in Republic of Korea.

BackgroundDespite considerable efforts made in recent years, the industrial accident rate and the fatality rate in the Republic of Korea are much higher than those in most developed countries in Europe and North America. Industrial safety policies and safety regulations are also known to be ineffective and inefficient in some cases.MethodsThis study focuses on the quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of direct safety regulations such as safety certification, self-declaration of conformity, and safety inspection of industrial machines in the Republic of Korea. Implications on safety policies to restructure the industrial safety system associated with industrial machines are also explored.ResultsAnalysis of causes in industrial accidents associated with industrial machines confirms that technical causes need to be resolved to reduce both the frequency and the severity of such industrial accidents. Statistical analysis also confirms that the indirect effects of safety device regulation on users are limited for a variety of reasons. Safety device regulation needs to be shifted to complement safety certification and self-declaration of conformity for more balanced direct regulations on manufacturers and users. An example of cost-benefit analysis on conveyor justifies such a transition.ConclusionIndustrial safety policies and regulations associated with industrial machines must be directed towards eliminating the sources of danger at the stage of danger creation, thereby securing the safe industrial machines. Safety inspection further secures the safety of workers at the stage of danger use. The overall balance between such safety regulations is achieved by proper distribution of industrial machines subject to such regulations and the intensity of each regulation. Rearrangement of industrial machines subject to safety certification and self-declaration of conformity to include more movable industrial machines and other industrial machines with a high level of danger is also suggested.