Industrial Safety Measures Research Articles

Деятельность российских нефтегазовых компаний в Арктике: теория и практика резильентности в эпоху декарбонизации

Addressing global climate change presents a shared challenge, particularly for the development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) and for industrial companies operating in the region, including oil and gas producers. Given the strategic role of hydrocarbon development in the AZRF for ensuring Russia’s energy security and the responsibility of oil and gas companies in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, it is critical to examine their role in enhancing the resilience of the AZRF amidst global decarbonization efforts. This article aims to provide a theoretical and practical analysis of the relationship between organizational and territorial resilience in the context of climate change. It focuses on the measures taken by Russian oil and gas companies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and minimize the anthropogenic impact of their operations in the AZRF. The empirical basis for this study is drawn from the corporate reports of the largest Russian oil and gas companies. Through a review of contemporary Russian and international research, key risks to the resilience of economic systems in the AZRF are identified. A conceptual framework is proposed, highlighting the role of oil and gas companies in supporting the resilience of the AZRF, particularly through decarbonization initiatives aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change, such as permafrost thawing. Content analysis has been used to categorize the environmental and industrial safety measures, as well as decarbonization efforts, undertaken by Russian oil and gas companies in the AZRF. The study concludes by outlining the various decarbonization scenarios and strategies implemented by these companies in the AZRF.

Novel Predictive Control and Monitoring System based on IoT for Evaluating Industrial Safety Measures

In this paper, the Accident Reduction Model (ARM) technique has been used to analyze different critical criteria in various industries. This ARM technique is used to determine the conclusions of the decision-making process. Valid data is obtained in the structure of the IoT with proper and consistent and useful information. The network address utility allows efficient sensor data. The necessary configuration procedure effectively monitors relevant sensor boundary values. Finally, we have ensured that the system will be able to provide dynamic performance in an IoT-based use of low-cost estimates and lower execution time.

Retraction Note: IoT based industrial safety measures monitoring and reporting system using accident reduction model (ARM) control algorithm

Retraction Note: IoT based industrial safety measures monitoring and reporting system using accident reduction model (ARM) control algorithm

Uncovering coal mining accident coverups: An alternative perspective on China’s new safety narrative

China has taken on a series of comprehensive institutional measures to improve the safety of its coal mining industry and workers. Official figures indicate similar reductions to both accidents and fatalities, from which a “new safety narrative” has emerged in official discourses. However, this view neglects the fact that many accidents are concealed or underreported in China’s mining sector. This study critically examines China’s safety measures with a novel dataset of 180 mining accident coverup cases derived from official, judicial, and media sources. The study’s findings support three observations: (i) despite the imposition of stricter regulations and the closure of many informal and small-scale mines, accident coverups have continued at both legal and large-scale mines; (ii) despite increased monitoring including the implementation of a fatality indicator system, accident reporting is consistently manipulated by mine owners, local authorities, and even victims’ families; and (iii) although new stiffer penalties specifically sanction accident coverups, they are rarely imposed. Our results cast doubt on the conceived success of China’s new safety narrative and demonstrate how industrial safety measures are deliberately and structurally compromised.

A Study of Industrial Safety Measures with Special Reference to Automobile Manufacturing Industry

In India, automotive is one of the largest industries showing impressive growth over the years and has been significantly making increasing contribution to overall industrial development in the country. Presently, India is the world’s second largest manufacturer of two wheelers, fifth largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles as well as largest manufacturer of tractors. It is the fourth largest passenger car market in Asia as well as a home to the largest motor cycle manufacturer. Purpose of study is to assess the safety measures to be taken in an automobile manufacturing industry and to provide suggestions for better safety measures can be applied in automobile manufacturing industry. Present study is Descriptive, Exploratory and empirical in nature. Sources of data are primary as well as secondary. Study is done with special reference to Force Motors Ltd. Safety provisions implied at Force Motors were observed and analysed. Statistical tools used are Bar charts and pie charts etc.

The re-engineering and financial cost analysis of administrative economic and managerial processes in medical organization

The article presents substantiation of necessity and main directions of application of re-engineering of administrative economic and managerial processes in medical organization. The approaches to financial cost analysis of the mentioned processes are also considered. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on the example of management of industrial safety measures in medical organization.

A proposed plan for industrial safety & occupational health for uniform production factories

The researcher conducted a visit to some production factories uniforms in Makkah area in order to identify the most important industrial safety measures and occupational health . The researcher found that there are special requirements for industrial safety and occupational health issued by the Directorate General of Civil Defense .Astudy of ( Alam , 2016 ) confirmed that there are many laws and regulations covering the needs of workers in industries, but they do not cover the various industries in the country. In addition, most of these laws lack standard value of ready – made clothes industry. As the ready –made clothes industry sector has many risks, the( Sobuj, 2011) study suggests that the most common injuries among garment workers are asthma, ear and eye problems, skin allergies, bone injuries and cancer, Therefore, the current study seeks to build a plan for industrial safety and occupational health appropriate for factories to produce uniforms in Saudi Arabia in an attempt to overcome these problems. The problem of research can be summarized in the following questions: Research Questions: What are the factors that lead to work injuries in different departments of uniform production factories? What are the procedures for industrial safety and occupational health in the various departments of uniform production factories? What are the necessary requirements for industrial safety and occupational health in uniform production factories ? To what extent can a proposed industrial safety and occupational health plan for uniform production factories be developed? Objectives: Identify the factors that lead to work injuries in the various departments in uniform production factories and Identify the industrial safety and occupational health procedures used in different sections of uniform production factories also to Identify the necessary requirements for industrial safety and occupational health in uniform production factories in order to build a plan for industrial safety and occupational health for uniform production factories in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: analytical descriptive approach . The research results are summarized in the following points: Factories suffer from a lack of interest in the application of the principles of ergonomic in the design of workstations, cutting tables, knitting and ironing. Safety of the work area due to the presence of factories in industrial cities qualified for the establishment of industrial projects. There is no interest in providing appropriate personal protective equipment for the garment industry. There is also no interest in directing staff to commit to these duties in case of availability and leave the matter according to the desire of the worker himself. There is some interest in providing the appropriate physical factors of ventilation and industrial lighting and the transfer of attention to providing natural lighting and ventilation within the factory atmosphere. - Factories suffer from a lack of adequate sanitation facilities for factory workers. There is a clear interest in the requirements set by the Directorate of Civil Defense because it is related to obtaining permission to practice the profession.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: IoT based industrial safety measures monitoring and reporting system using accident reduction model (ARM) control algorithm

In recent days, the innovation towards a new occupational health and safety group in which work cultures are directed towards active safety values. It is predicted that the safety analysis techniques now in place are quite difficult to address the potential risks which weaken the era. A novel approach to analyzing different crucial criteria in various industrial sectors is explained carefully in this work. In this unique approach, accident reduction model technique is applied to determine the respective weights of three main criteria and seventeen sub-criteria as a way of enriching the decision-making process while in a problem. A survey was initiated in different industrial sectors to obtain reliable data for the research. The results show that the main criteria ‘human safety’ acquired a weight of 72.5% while the respective weights of primary criteria machine security and work environment safety fall to 8.9 and 18.4%. The weight of the main criteria, human safety indicates that the sub-criteria such as eye protection, manual lifting, material handling practices, firefighting drills, training and safety officers are implemented to a greater extent in most of the surveyed industries.

Graph method for evaluation of process safety in railway facilities

Aim. Industrial safety (OS) is the state of protection of operating personnel from harmful effects of manufacturing processes, energy, equipment, objects, conditions and schedule of work [1]. The most efficient evaluation of OS in railway transportation is ensured by composite indicators, one of which is the risk assessment indicator. That is also reflected in the Russian legislation that stipulates the requirement to evaluate fire, occupational and other types of risks that affect industrial safety. According to the definition set forth in GOST 33433-2015 [2] risk is a combination of the probability and consequences of an event. The most complicated task related to risk assessment is the choice of the evaluation model for the probability of an undesired event. The model must enable practical applicability of evaluation results for planning of risk compensation measures. Currently, there are a large number of probability evaluation methods that can be divided into two large groups, i.e. expert and quantitative. Expert methods have several well-known shortcomings. The quantitative methods require the construction of a system of equations or an analytical model. In the context of railway facilities the construction of analytical models of probability evaluation is of principal interest due to the possibility of demonstration of the factors that are taken into consideration by the model. The aim of the article is to formalize the analytical method for evaluation of the probability of railway facility transfer into a hazardous state (in the context of industrial safety). Methods . Undesirable events that cause industrial safety incidents in railway facilities are random; they can be represented as a random process. A random system development process, including objects transition from a safe state into hazardous (undesirable) states, i.e. system state change in time, can under some assumptions be described with a semi-Markov process. In general, the construction and solution of semi-Markov models comes down to building a system of homogenous differential equations. This procedure always involves mathematical difficulties. [3] shows the possibility of representation and solution of semi-Markov models with a coupled graph model. Such models are highly visual, and allow formalizing the wanted system states, as well as paths of transition from safe into hazardous states. The main problem of modelling random processes of industrial safety state changes is the requirement to identify the complete list of hazardous states and preceding non-hazardous or pre-hazardous states. The processes typical to railway facilities are characterized by a multitude of states that cause various events. The concept of “state” usually characterizes an instantaneous image, a “cross-section” of a system. Thus, at the first stage of construction and solution of a model of random process of a system’s industrial safety state change, the finite sets of safe and hazardous states of the railway facility under consideration are identified in accordance with the known hazardous state criterion [4]. As the process of state change of a system’s industrial safety in railway transportation is random in time, in this article system operation is described with a semi-Markov process with the assumption that the discrete process is described with an embedded Markov chain. The set of system states and their connections are represented with a directed state graph with defined topological concepts [3]. For a constructed model, the article provides the proof of the theorem identifying the probability of system transition from an initial non-hazardous into a hazardous state, as well as the formula for calculation of such probability. Results . The graph method for evaluation of industrial safety in railway facilities developed in this article includes both the rules of construction of a system’s safety states graph and the tool for evaluation of the probability of system transition into a specific hazardous state. The graph is the basis of the practical method for calculation and forecasting of industrial safety incidents. The article provides the proof of the theorem identifying the probability of system transition from an initial non-hazardous into a hazardous state, as well as an example of application of graph method for evaluation of probability of fire in a fixed facility. The proposed probability evaluation method can be used in planning of industrial safety measures in terms of specification of new states or rules of transition into associated states.

Water Fluoridation: A Critical Review of the Physiological Effects of Ingested Fluoride as a Public Health Intervention

Fluorine is the world's 13th most abundant element and constitutes 0.08% of the Earth crust. It has the highest electronegativity of all elements. Fluoride is widely distributed in the environment, occurring in the air, soils, rocks, and water. Although fluoride is used industrially in a fluorine compound, the manufacture of ceramics, pesticides, aerosol propellants, refrigerants, glassware, and Teflon cookware, it is a generally unwanted byproduct of aluminium, fertilizer, and iron ore manufacture. The medicinal use of fluorides for the prevention of dental caries began in January 1945 when community water supplies in Grand Rapids, United States, were fluoridated to a level of 1 ppm as a dental caries prevention measure. However, water fluoridation remains a controversial public health measure. This paper reviews the human health effects of fluoride. The authors conclude that available evidence suggests that fluoride has a potential to cause major adverse human health problems, while having only a modest dental caries prevention effect. As part of efforts to reduce hazardous fluoride ingestion, the practice of artificial water fluoridation should be reconsidered globally, while industrial safety measures need to be tightened in order to reduce unethical discharge of fluoride compounds into the environment. Public health approaches for global dental caries reduction that do not involve systemic ingestion of fluoride are urgently needed.

A multicriteria knapsack approach to economic optimization of industrial safety measures

The selection of safety measures to be applied in an industrial plant to reduce risk to an acceptable level is a critical task for safety engineers. However, to select a portfolio of safety measures is quite hard as a number of different hazards have to be counteracted simultaneously and a wide range of preventive or protective measures can be chosen, including either technical, administrative and managerial actions, within the constraints of a given budget. In this paper a multi-criteria “knapsack” model is described to help safety analysts in selecting the most cost-effective safety measures to be adopted. The problem is formulated as that of maximizing the utility of the portfolio of safety measures subject to a number of constraints including a maximum allowable budget. In the paper at first the problem formulation is given as a knapsack model, then the approach to compute the utility level of a given portfolio of safety measure is described utilizing a multi-criteria method. Finally, an application example is presented and the advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.

Economic optimization of industrial safety measures using genetic algorithms

The paper presents a computer-aided methodology for economic optimization of industrial plants safety. The method is based on the minimization of total safety-related cost including investment, operating expenses of adopted safety measures, and expected monetary loss from accidents. The objective function minimization is pursued resorting to a genetic algorithm which selects the best mix of safety measures able to attain the optimal risk level at minimum cost by factoring in the cost and risk reduction potential of each candidate safety measure. After a detailed description of the optimization approach the paper discusses two numerical examples showing the method application to both easy and complex decision making scenarios.

Socio-medicinal aspects of vibration-induced white finger disease

Purpose. The influence of vibration-induced white finger disease on the quality of life and possible social consequences is the subject of the study presented herein.Method. The data acquisition was carried out by means of a standardized questionnaire. Parameters such as quality of life, professional practice, prevention and social security were assessed among other things.Results. Nearly three quarters of the interviewees (n = 115) did not consult a physician with the occurrence of the first complaints. Physicians frequently made the correct diagnosis only with delay. From the first occurrence of symptoms to the acknowledgment as an occupational disease 0.5 – 34.5 years had usually elapsed. The quality of life affected the patients and their families. Change of profession and unemployment were frequently associated with substantial problems. There is clear need for information regarding the clinical picture, protective possibilities in the workplace, recognition as an occupational disease and financial problems. The introduction of industrial safety measures was not substantially affected by the occurrence of the disease.Conclusions. A quick diagnosis and the recognition of this occupational disease are important in view of its potential reversibility upon discontinuation of the exposition to vibration. As a consequence, intensified preventive measures need to be called for.

Lead in finger bone, whole blood, plasma and urine in lead-smelter workers: extended exposure range

To assess the historical exposure and to study the relationships between lead concentrations in whole blood (B-Pb), plasma (P-Pb), urine (U-Pb), finger bone (Bone-Pb) and duration of employment in workers at a secondary lead smelter and to compare the relationships between B-Pb and P-Pb with results from previous studies of populations with a wide range of lead exposure. In 39 lead workers (29 active, ten retired), recruited from those with the highest exposure at a German secondary lead smelter, levels of B-Pb, P-Pb and U-Pb were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Bone-Pb was determined by in vivo X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Results were compared with data from a previous study on 90 workers (71 active, 19 retired) with lower exposure, from a Swedish secondary lead smelter, as well as with previously collected data from 42 active Russian lead workers and 34 Ecuadorian lead-exposed subjects. The median values in the active/retired German lead workers were: age 44/59 years, duration of employment 20/38 years, Bone-Pb 71/150 microg/g, B-Pb 500/330 microg/l, P-Pb 2.7/1.1 microg/l, and U-Pb 25/13 micromol/mol creatinine. Bone-Pb increased with duration of employment by 4.2 microg/g per year and 1.6 microg/g per year in German and Swedish workers, respectively. The median Bone-Pb was three times higher in both active and retired German workers than in Swedish smelter workers with essentially the same age distribution and duration of employment. The linear regression equation between B-Pb and log P-Pb in the combined group of Ecuadorian, German, Russian and Swedish lead-exposed subjects (n=176) was B-Pb=545 x log[P-Pb] + 258 (r(s)=0.94; P<0.001). The high Bone-Pb values recorded for the German smelters implied a historical lead exposure of considerable magnitude. The long-term high lead exposure also showed up in the B-Pb levels for both active and retired workers, leading to the implementation of necessary industrial safety measures in order to respond to biological threshold limits. The suggested equation describing the relationship between B-Pb and P-Pb in the combined group of subjects with a wide range of lead exposure can be useful in future cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of lead-exposed populations, relating, e.g., lead exposure to adverse health outcomes.

Electrocution due to contact of industrial equipment with power lines

Electrocution due to contact of construction equipment with power lines is not uncommon as a source of industrial injury. We report seven such cases. Two patients sustained cardiac arrest and were successfully resuscitated at the scene. Four patients lost consciousness and in two cases, amnesia for the event was encouniered. No long-term cardiac or neurologie effects were noted. Surgery including ampulation was sometimes required.In all cases, the patient was on the ground touching the machinery or touching cables connected to the machinery at the time of injury. The importance of exercising due care in industrial safety measures is stressed. Prompt CPR was life saving in two cases.

Therapeutic approaches for chlordecone poisoning in humans.

Due to lack of adequate industrial safety measures, workers in a small factory that manufactured the organochlorine pesticide chlordecone were exposed to large amounts of this toxic material for many months. High concentrations of chlordecone were present in samples of blood, liver, and fat from these workers. Toxic manifestations prominently involved the nervous system, liver and testes. Although a plasmaphoresis experiment indicated that chlordecone is rapidly transferred from tissues to blood, attempts to employ hemoperfusion as a means for removing chlordecone from the body were unsuccessful because chlordecone is avidly bound by plasma proteins and was not extracted by the hemoperfusion sorbents. An alternative approach to therapy was based on the observations that stool contains only a small fraction of the substantial amounts of chlordecone excreted in bile. Oral administration of cholestyramine, a nonabsorbable resin that binds chlordecone in vitro, increased fecal excretion of chlordecone and accelerated its disappearance from the body. This treatment was accompanied by amelioration of the clinical manifestations of toxicity, indicating that the subacute toxic effects of chlordecone are reversible. Studies of chlordecone excretion in one patient with a surgically created bile fistula disclosed the existence of the novel, nonbiliary mechanism for excretion of chlordecone in the stool. Further physiological studies are needed to explore the possible role of the gut in the excretion of many kinds of slowly eliminated lipophilic toxins.

PNEUMOCONIOSIS AMONG WORKERS IN AN ANTIMONY INDUSTRY

PNEUMOCONIOSIS AMONG WORKERS IN AN ANTIMONY INDUSTRYDAVID A. COOPER, M.D., EUGENE P. PENDERGRASS, M.D., ARTHUR J. VORWALD, PH.D., M.D., ROBERT L. MAYOCK, M.D. and HEINRICH BRIEGER, M.D.Audio Available | Share