Industrial Revolution In Japan Research Articles

Historical and more common nongenetic movement disorders from Asia.

Nongenetic movement disorders are common throughout the world. The movement disorders encountered may vary depending on the prevalence of certain disorders across various geographical regions. In this paper, we review historical and more common nongenetic movement disorders in Asia. The underlying causes of these movement disorders are diverse and include, among others, nutritional deficiencies, toxic and metabolic causes, and cultural Latah syndrome, contributed by geographical, economic, and cultural differences across Asia. The industrial revolution in Japan and Korea has led to diseases related to environmental toxin poisoning, such as Minamata disease and β-fluoroethyl acetate (FEA)-associated cerebellar degeneration, respectively, while religious dietary restriction in the Indian subcontinent has led to infantile tremor syndrome related to vitamin B12 deficiency. In this review, we identify the salient features and key contributing factors in the development of these disorders.

Fourth Industrial Revolution in Japan: Technology to Address Social Challenges

In Japan, the challenges posed by its low birthrate and aging population expanded rapidly with the collapse of the bubble economy in the early 1990s, and in March 2011, energy and environmental problems such as power supply shortages and nuclear radiation issues occurred in the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima nuclear accident. Also, with the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in January 2020, digital transformation has emerged as a social challenge. In particular, Japan's aging population combined with a decrease in the working age population, has caused the government to face fiscal crisis due to the burden of social insurance, and a sense of crisis of labor shortage in the medical, manufacturing and logistics sectors. This is also leading to a sense of crisis at local governments as well, seen with the collapse of the medical service supply system under “Tokyo centralization,” the rapid increase of the vulnerable in transportation due to the super-aging of rural areas, and the risk of extinction of local communities. The analysis on the healthcare and medical care sectors was conducted in chapter 2, and the manufacturing, mobility, and logistics sectors in Chapter 3, and the local revitalization in Chapter 4 respectively. And chapter 5 of conclusion remarks presents policy implications for the Korean government.

Wonderful Digital Tourism Indonesia Dan Peran Revolusi Industri Dalam Menghadapi Era Ekonomi Digital 5.0

The rapid development of information technology in the past two decades has changed the various settings of human life. The appearance of the 5.0 industrial revolution in Japan had an impact in all fields, including in the tourism sector. This era was marked by the ease of access to information through digital media. In this regard, Indonesia also does not want to be defeated, but in Indonesia the new Industrial Revolution era in the Era 4.0. This is the reason for the emergence of the phenomenon of cultural shifts from manual systems to cyber and visual, as well as in the tourism sector, especially Indonesian tourists who are millennial generations.Therefore the government program after Indonesia's independence until now, continues to try to improve industrial development with various policies, especially the tourism industry which is a mainstay at this time. The research discusses whether the program used in order to improve the development of Indonesian tourism in the face of tourist destinations with the concept of "contemporary" through a digital approach and what is the role of tourism in facing the industrial revolution in the digital economy era.The research method used is a qualitative method. The results of the study were found to face current tourist destinations with 3 programs, namely Wonderful Startup Academy, Nomadic Digital Tourism and Destinations and the role of tourism in facing the digital era can be seen in marketing activities that can easily be accessed through internet media such as: websites, social media, online advertising, direct marketing e-mail, discussion forums and mobile applications. With the presence of digital marketing tourism, it is difficult to increase the country's foreign exchange earnings.

Wonderful Digital Tourism Indonesia Dan Peran Revolusi Industri Dalam Menghadapi Era Ekonomi Digital 5.0

The rapid development of information technology in the past two decades has changed the various settings of human life. The appearance of the 5.0 industrial revolution in Japan had an impact in all fields, including in the tourism sector. This era was marked by the ease of access to information through digital media. In this regard, Indonesia also does not want to be defeated, but in Indonesia the new Industrial Revolution era in the Era 4.0. This is the reason for the emergence of the phenomenon of cultural shifts from manual systems to cyber and visual, as well as in the tourism sector, especially Indonesian tourists who are millennial generations.Therefore the government program after Indonesia's independence until now, continues to try to improve industrial development with various policies, especially the tourism industry which is a mainstay at this time. The research discusses whether the program used in order to improve the development of Indonesian tourism in the face of tourist destinations with the concept of "contemporary" through a digital approach and what is the role of tourism in facing the industrial revolution in the digital economy era.The research method used is a qualitative method. The results of the study were found to face current tourist destinations with 3 programs, namely Wonderful Startup Academy, Nomadic Digital Tourism and Destinations and the role of tourism in facing the digital era can be seen in marketing activities that can easily be accessed through internet media such as: websites, social media, online advertising, direct marketing e-mail, discussion forums and mobile applications. With the presence of digital marketing tourism, it is difficult to increase the country's foreign exchange earnings.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution in Japan and Utilization of Yokai Cultural Contents and the Future

The Fourth Industrial Revolution in Japan and Utilization of Yokai Cultural Contents and the Future

大江志乃夫著 『日本の産業革命』, (一九六八年四月, 岩波書店, xi+376頁+16頁)

大江志乃夫著 『日本の産業革命』, (一九六八年四月, 岩波書店, xi+376頁+16頁)

Technology of Memory and Heritage of the Meiji Industrial Revolution in Japan

Technology of Memory and Heritage of the Meiji Industrial Revolution in Japan

The Progress of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Japan and its Implications

The Progress of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Japan and its Implications

Real wages in the period of the Industrial Revolution in Japan : a comparative economic history approach

Real wages in the period of the Industrial Revolution in Japan : a comparative economic history approach

Entrepreneurial ability and market selection in an infant industry: evidence from the Japanese cotton spinning industry

In this paper we develop a new insight into the process of learning in an infant industry, in a setting where entrepreneurs are differentiated by talent. The learning rate depends on the quality of ideas, not on the scale of the industry, and a competitive open economy regime may furnish a better environment for innovation-led industrial growth even in the presence of industry-wide increasing returns to scale. Competitive market selection of ablest entrepreneurs forms a crucial condition for successful industrialization. The model is tested against the evidence of the industrial revolution in Japan, which presents a unique historic experiment in which an internationally competitive textile industry was eventually set up without government protection after earlier experiments with subsidized firms had failed.

Geographical Analysis on the Urban Growth in Kyushu Region Considering the Influence of Other Cities

In this paper, the growth process of 22 cities in Kyushu region through the Meiji, Taisho, and Showa era is discussed. The main purpose is to analyze the situation in which a city with its functions, affected by many other cities forming the region, could realize its substantial growth.To sum up, in Kyshu region, some historical central place cities have grown steadily since the Meiji era and selected ones, Fukuoka for example, showed accelerated growth in recent 20 years. Meanwhile, other central place cities realized relatively low growth because of the nearby larger central place cities which expanded the area of its influence gradually. Another group of newlyrisen cities (so called Shinko-toshi) grew rapidly through industrial revolution in Japan with its profitable location and resonrce endowment compared with other regions. But in post war period, especially since 1950s, these newly-risen cities reduced their growth rate and many of them declined substantially, losing merit so far as the changed national industrial structure concerned.

On the Formation about Sociology of Labour and Industry in Pre-war Japan

It is commonly accepted that sociology of labour and industry in Japan had begun by Kunio Odaka on his study about professional sociology (1941).But sociology of labour and industry has been grown with the development of capitalism, and sprouted through the solution of social problems. From such a point of view, some surveys of Gennosuke Yokoyama which had done at the period of industrial revolution in Japan, have been renewed understanding recently. And it is more remarkable that after Yokoyama some interesting surveys had done. First, we must refer to the social surveys of labour problems by Osaka City at 1919-1926. Next, “San Gyo Rodo Chosajyo” attempted surveys from stand point of Marxism at 1929-1933. These surveys made clear the conditions of labourer at the period of monopolistic capitalism in Japan. We can find out positive basis of sociology of labour in them.In the same time, Keizo Fujibayashi constructed the method of labour surveys as a psychology of labourer. Emphasizing necessity of social surveys to inquire into the psychology of labourer, he insisted on the sociology of labour in quality. He could not make practical survey, but he would consistently criticize the capitalistic rationalization of industry. Comparing with him, Odaka's conception is less important, because his professional sociology is too moralistic to analyze the whole process of living about labourer. We must notice that Shizuo Matsushima, he had been led the sociology of labour and industry in post-war Japan, was influenced by Fujibayashi than Odaka.

A Study of Water-power Utilization before the Industrial Revolution in Japan

Generally speaking, as Japan is a rainy and mountainous country, she is blessed with abundant water-power resources, which are now considerably exploited for generation of electricity. But before the Industrial Revolution, to be exact before 1892 when the first hydroelectric-power station was built in Japan, water-power had been used only on a small scale by water-mills scattered throughout the country.The author, who is studying water-power utilization in Japan from a standpoint of historical geography, recently found one rare old list of water-mills of Nara Prefecture, which had been compiled from the official investigation in 1881, and may be called “the census of water-mill”. The items of investigation are as follows:(1) the name of site where a water-mill was situated, (2) the name of stream or ditch on which a water-mill was constructed, (3) the date of construction, (4) the name and address of the owner, (5) uses (…e.g. rice-cleaning, flour-milling, oil-pressing, cotton-ginning, spinning and the rest), (6) distinction between commercial and private use, (7) the diameter of water-wheel.This list, containing 556 water-mills which existed in Nara Prefecture in that year, tells us, through these items, the distribution of water-mills, the purpose of water uses, the degree and the process of water-power utilization and so forth. As the first part of the author's analysis, the distribution and the process of construction of those water-mills were studied (The Faculty of Letters of Nara Women's University: Annual Report of Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol. IX, 1965). In this second article, the variety of functions of these 556 water-mills is discussed.Most of these water-mills-393 of the total-were used for rice-cleaning, and this fact means that rice-cleaning was the main purpose of water-power utilization in those days. They scattered every sixth village on an average, gathering in some villages and dispersing in others. In Nara Basin, where the yield of rice was abundant but the sites of water-mills were restricted, they were owned by specified people and were used for business. While on Yamato Plateau, where the outturn of rice was not so much as that of Nara Basin, but the water-mills were distributed densely, they were jointly owned by villagers and were employed in rotation for private use.Other water-mills were used for the manufacturing of special products which were manufactured at that date in Nara Prefecture. Materials of some groceries, such as Japanese vermicelli and frozen bean curd, were prepared by these water-mills, and rape oil or cotton-seed oil were also pressed by them. Cotton-ginning and spinning also asked water for these motive power.

Water-power Utilization during the Industrial Revolution in Japan

Generally speaking, in the pre- or early times of Industrial Revolution, water was employed as the principal power in almost every kind of industries. Especially in Japan, as it is a mountainous and rainy country, there were a large number of suitable spots for the exploitation of water-power in these days.At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Japan, water was the most important motive power. For example, in 1885 (before Sino-Japanese War), the number of factories* which were equipped with water wheel was 364, while only 53 factories were equipped with steam engine.After Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese Wars (1894-5 and 1904-5), the modernization of Japanese industries have progressed very much. Instead of water wheels, modern motive powers, such as steam engines, oil engines or electric motors began to be more widely used in factories. In 1909**, the number of steam engines became 5, 319, with 197, 335HP, and that of electric motors was 2, 559, with 37, 617HP. In the same year, 2, 390 water wheels were still used, but the total power of these was only 10, 038HP.At that time, about half of total water wheels, i.e. 1, 128 wheels, belonged to silk manufacture, which had rural and traditional character but one of the most important industries in these days. Fig. 1 shows, how much degree water wheels were used in silk manufacturing in 1909 (unit of numbers written in Fig. 1 is 10%). As shown in Fig. 1, in Chubu District, especially in Nagano Pref., water was well utilized as the motive power of filature.It might be said that other traditional industries inclined to depend on water-power. For example, almost all of cotton-spinning factories, which was modern and whose technique was imported from abroad, depended much more on steamengine, whereas, cotton-spinning, which started in Japan, deppended on water. And it was reeling and twisting of silk thread or silk-weaving that depended more on water than on steam engine even in 1909.In Fig. 3, cities, towns and villages, which had more than 5 factories equipped with water wheels in 1909, are dotted.*** They might be centers of water utilization in Japan at the beginning of 20th century, because not registered small factories, in which water-power utilization was more diffused, might gathered there. Most of these centers situated at the foot of mountains, where water was rich to exploit for power. In some cases, factories were built in the place where water-power was available, but in many cases factories of traditional handicraft began to utilize water-power if it was available.NOTES*factories…limited whose capital were more than 1000 yen in this case.**In this year, list of factories and statistics of industry were published. They are the most detailed list and statistics in these days, because they show factories which had more than 5 workmen.***legend-F (silk manufacturing) RC (rice cleaning)W (reeling of silk thread) St (starch manufacture)CS (cotton spinning) P (pottery)T (twisting of silk or cotton thread) Sa (sawing)SW (silk weaving) M (metal goods industry)CW (cotton weaving)

DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIES IN JAPAN

The purpose of the present report is to analyze the distribution of industries in Japan, to set up the inbustrial districts, and to grasp the characteristics of those districts.Data were obtained from “A Nation-wide Survey of Factories, 1950, ” compiled by the International Trade and Industry Ministry, and “A Survey of Factories, 1950, ” compiled by the International Trade and Industry Ministry, and “A Survey of Factories, 1909, ” compiled by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. Factories employing more than 5 workers were numbered and classified according to the following weights: factories employing 5-49 workers………1, and factories employing 50-99 worers ………3, factories employing 100-199 workers………6, factories employing 200-499 workers………12, factories employing 500-999 workers………25, and factories employing more than 1, 000 workers………50.(1) Distribution of industries (Fig. 1). Indicated by the oblique lines are areas with considerably dense distribntibution of industries. Areas with especially dense distribution of indnstries are shown by black. The distribution is influenced by topography, communication, labor, and markets. For example, the relation between railroads and the distribution of industries is shown in Fig. 2. In agricultural districts the distribution is dense in the mountain foot areas. In many cases this is due to superfluous labor.(2) Representative industries (Fig. 3). Chief industries in the big 4 industrial districts of Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka and Northern Kyushu are those of maceine and metal. Areas of these industries are surrounded by the areas of fiber industry. Industries in the agricultural districts are represented by those of food and timber. Food industry tends to be geographically closer to market places than timber industry. In particular, in the outskirts of the big 4 industrial districts, there are areas of food industries.(3) Density of isfribuion (Fig. 4). Hawmany kinds of industries does each city, town, or village have? Itcan be theoretically surmised that many industries concentrate in places where conditions advantageous to them exist. Accordingly, from the density of distribution alone, it will be possible to ascertain to a certain extent the state of industrialization. Generally viewed, the area including sources of electricity in central Japan and the coast of the Inland Sea have high density of distribution of industries, beside the big 4 industrial districts.(4) Increase and decrease (Fig. 5) The industrial revolution in Japan was completed by World War I. In Fig. 5 are compared the increase and decrease of industries both in 1909 and in 1950.(5) Management of indnstries (Fig. 6). Whether industry is managed as modern industry or as home industry is shown in Fig. 6.(6) Industrial districts (Fig. 7). In Fig. 7 industrial districts are set up, taking into account all factors above mentioned. ‘A’ is the most advanced district; ‘B, ’ ‘C, ’ ‘D, ’ and ‘E’ are the districtcts less advanced than ‘A’.(7) Industrial cities (Fig. 8). Cities marked with black are noted for machine, metal and chemical industries; cities marked wi thoblique lines are noted for fiber industry; and cities marked with white for timber, food, and chinaware industries.