Industrial Research Institute Research Articles

Effects of Packaging Materials on Food Quality and Shelf Life in Australia

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of packaging materials on food quality and shelf life in Australia. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: In Australia, advanced packaging technologies such as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and active packaging extend the shelf life of perishables by inhibiting microbial growth. Sustainable packaging options are gaining traction, balancing environmental concerns with maintaining food safety. Intelligent packaging with condition indicators enhances consumer decisions by providing food safety information. Strict Australian regulations ensure that packaging materials meet safety standards, supporting food quality preservation. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Diffusion theory, mass transfer theory & shelf life prediction models may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the effects of packaging materials on food quality and shelf life in Australia. Practical recommendations should emphasize the adoption of innovative packaging technologies tailored to specific food products and storage conditions. Policymakers should prioritize initiatives aimed at fostering collaboration between industry stakeholders, research institutions, and regulatory bodies to address pressing challenges in food packaging.

Improving the Taste of Robusta Coffee by Fermentation with Yeast Inoculum and Its Effect on Caffeine Content

Harvesting coffee process by farmers generally executed entirety, resulting rainbow harvest. Coffee fermentation with yeast starter cultures Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y612, Candida parapsilosis Y207 and Torulospora delbrueckii Y594 was executed separately to determine the role of starter cultures on caffeine and robusta coffee taste at different maturity levels. The study was conducted at the Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute in Sukabumi,, from June to November 2022. The experiment used a factorial complete randomized design. The first factor was the maturity level of the coffee and starter culture as the second factor. Fermentation was implemented for 48 hours inoculated with 108 cells/mL starter culture. The results showed that the temperature fluctuated, the pH value always decreased to 4.50 and T. delbrueckii was the starter culture with the highest activity during fermentation. Inoculum-fermented robusta coffee caffeine content was higher than non-inoculum. The lowest caffeine content was found in spontaneously fermented red fruit of 1.39%, while the highest caffeine content was produced by red fruit samples inoculated with C. parapsilosis of 2.7%. Robusta coffee with S. cerevisiae inoculation brought the best taste of robusta coffee with 82.10%, there was no significant difference between the red harvest coffee fruit and the fermented rainbow color with a starter culture. Keywords: Caffeine, Harvest, Inoculation, Maturity level, Starter cultures

Theory behind an innovative non-disassembly repair technology for assembles in marine, railway, and motor transport, as well as industrial equipment in the Arctic

Tribological compositions on the basis of layered silicates and, specifically, serpentine have been known for over thirty years. Their effectiveness is confirmed by successful application in many industries, in agriculture, on sea and river vessels, on railroads, in mining equipment, on passenger and goods vehicles, as well as by tests conducted at many leading industrial research institutes and universities of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The article presents the theoretical aspects of the technology for applying friction geomodifiers related to innovative nanotechnologies, which enable a significant improvement in the operating characteristics of new, as well as worn-out, expensive equipment containing friction assemblies.The use of the proposed technology for restoring worn-out equipment components under harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic seems particularly feasible and economically justified.

Reviewing the advancements in offshore drilling technologies in the USA and their global impact

This study provides an overview of the significant advancements in offshore drilling technologies within the United States and their consequential global impact. As the world's leading innovator in the energy sector, the USA has played a pivotal role in shaping the future of offshore drilling, pushing the boundaries of technological capabilities and fostering sustainable practices. The review begins by highlighting the evolution of offshore drilling technologies in the USA over the past decade. Innovations such as advanced drilling rigs, smart sensors, and real-time data analytics have revolutionized the industry, enhancing operational efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability. These technological breakthroughs have not only increased the depth and reach of offshore drilling but have also significantly reduced exploration risks and minimized the environmental footprint. The global impact of these advancements is explored, emphasizing the ripple effect on international energy markets, geopolitical dynamics, and environmental stewardship. The USA's expertise in developing cutting-edge technologies has been instrumental in influencing global industry standards and best practices. International collaborations, knowledge exchange, and technology transfer have facilitated the adoption of these advancements in offshore drilling practices across the globe. Furthermore, the study addresses the role of regulatory frameworks and industry collaborations in shaping the trajectory of offshore drilling technologies. The USA's commitment to stringent safety and environmental regulations has set a benchmark for responsible offshore exploration, influencing other nations to implement similar standards. The study concludes by highlighting the future prospects and challenges in offshore drilling technologies. As the energy landscape continues to evolve, the USA remains at the forefront of research and development, driving innovation towards cleaner, more efficient, and sustainable offshore drilling solutions. The ongoing collaboration between industry stakeholders, government bodies, and research institutions is crucial for addressing emerging challenges and ensuring the continued positive global impact of USA's advancements in offshore drilling technologies.

Innovation management in tech start-ups: A review of strategies for growth and sustainability

In the dynamic landscape of the technology sector, start-ups play a pivotal role in driving innovation, disrupting traditional industries, and shaping the future of business. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of innovation management strategies adopted by tech start-ups to achieve sustained growth and long-term sustainability. The paper synthesizes existing literature on innovation management, drawing from a diverse range of sources such as academic journals, industry reports, and case studies. It aims to shed light on the key challenges faced by tech start-ups in managing innovation and explores effective strategies employed by successful ventures. The review categorizes innovation management strategies into three main pillars: organizational culture, strategic partnerships, and agile development processes. Firstly, it delves into the significance of fostering an innovative culture within start-ups, emphasizing the role of leadership in creating an environment that encourages creativity, risk-taking, and continuous learning. Success stories of tech start-ups that have successfully embedded innovation into their organizational DNA are analyzed to distill best practices. Secondly, the paper discusses the critical role of strategic partnerships in fostering innovation and driving growth. It explores how tech start-ups strategically collaborate with established industry players, research institutions, and other start-ups to leverage complementary strengths, access new markets, and share resources. Lastly, the review examines the importance of agile development processes in ensuring rapid adaptation to changing market dynamics. It discusses how tech start-ups utilize agile methodologies, such as Scrum and Lean Startup, to iterate quickly, test hypotheses, and respond effectively to customer feedback. The paper concludes with a synthesis of the key findings, highlighting the interconnected nature of these innovation management strategies and their collective impact on the growth and sustainability of tech start-ups. The insights presented in this review provide a valuable resource for entrepreneurs, researchers, and policymakers seeking to understand the intricacies of innovation management in the context of technology start-ups.

On the Centennial of the Academic Careers (1919–2019) of Llewellyn M. K. Boelter and William H. McAdams: American Pioneers in Heat and Mass Transfer

Abstract In the early 1900s, the heat transfer state of the art in the United States of America (U.S.) lagged far behind that in Europe, especially in Germany. The initial 35 years of the 20th century, however, saw major changes take place as the process industry and other research institutions increasingly began requiring a better understanding of heat and mass transfer. While many individuals have since made important contributions to the field, both past and contemporary peers in the heat and mass transfer community have identified two pioneers as having played key roles in this effort in the U.S.: Llewellyn Michael Kraus Boelter of the University of California—Berkley (UC-Berkley) and the University of California—Los Angeles (UCLA), and William Henry McAdams of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). They both started their respective academic positions in 1919, one on the East Coast and the other on the West Coast of U.S. In this paper, the centenary (1919–2019) of their seminal contributions is celebrated by highlighting the early heat and mass transfer developments in the U.S. and the careers of both McAdams and Boelter, which have been integral to this rich history. Many of their heat transfer contributions to the evolution of the field, up to the prevailing times in the 21st century, are documented, along with commentaries and annotations.

Evolution and impact of high content imaging.

The field of high content imaging has steadily evolved and expanded substantially across many industry and academic research institutions since it was first described in the early 1990's. High content imaging refers to the automated acquisition and analysis of microscopic images from a variety of biological sample types. Integration of high content imaging microscopes with multiwell plate handling robotics enables high content imaging to be performed at scale and support medium- to high-throughput screening of pharmacological, genetic and diverse environmental perturbations upon complex biological systems ranging from 2D cell cultures to 3D tissue organoids to small model organisms. In this perspective article the authors provide a collective view on the following key discussion points relevant to the evolution of high content imaging: • Evolution and impact of high content imaging: An academic perspective • Evolution and impact of high content imaging: An industry perspective • Evolution of high content image analysis • Evolution of high content data analysis pipelines towards multiparametric and phenotypic profiling applications • The role of data integration and multiomics • The role and evolution of image data repositories and sharing standards • Future perspective of high content imaging hardware and software.

Analysis of Factors Affecting The Implementation of The Integrity Zone Reviewing From The Gap Analysis of Employee Competency in Surabaya Industrial Research and Standardization Institute

Bureaucratic reforms launched by the government are manifested in the form of regulations or policies that must be implemented by all government agencies under the ministry. One form of this policy is the implementation of the integrity zone and the standardization of human resources as a strategic plan which is realized in the form of a competency gap analysis. This study aims to measure compliance behavior, level of complexity, clarity of organizational goals, and level of employee participation in competency gap analysis and implementation of the integrity zone. This descriptive quantitative research takes employee sampling through saturated sampling technique and data analysis is measured through path analysis. The results of the analysis prove the value of t = 2.166; p=0.034 (p<0.05), which proves that there is an effect of the level of compliance on the competency gap; t value = -0.399; p=0.691 (p>0.05) the effect of the level of program complexity on the competency gap was not proven and the value of t = 12.835; p = 0.000 (p <0.05) proves that there is an effect of the competency gap on the implementation of the integrity zone. Competency gap analysis and employee participation levels are classified as being more capable of contributing to the implementation of the integrity zone at the Surabaya Industrial Research and Standardization Institute.

The effect of various harvesting techniques and drying methods on the yield and quality of Liberoid coffee

In the upstream process, the dominant factor determines the quality of green coffee beans. Harvest and post-harvest techniques can influence the physical, chemical, and taste qualities by up to 60%. The goal of this study was to see how different harvesting techniques and drying methods affected the yield and quality of Liberoid coffee green beans grown in a dry process. From June to August 2022, the research was carried out at the Agricultural Science Park, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute Sukabumi West Java. The study used a factorial randomized block design, with Liberica and Excelsa coffee as the first factor, various harvesting techniques (cherry and rainbow fruit harvest) as the second factor, and the drying method as the third. There were eight treatment combinations, each of which was repeated three times. According to the findings, all Liberica and Excelsa coffee varieties found the highest yield in the cherry fruit. Furthermore, when compared to direct drying, the decrease in water content and weight loss/day is faster and more evenly distributed when using Hybrid tools. A berry provided the best physical quality and chemical content.

Innovation efficiency evaluation of industrial technology research institute based on three-stage DEA

Innovation efficiency evaluation of industrial technology research institute based on three-stage DEA

Hemolysis and hypersensitive tests ease culture collection management of antagonistic bacteria

A biosafety assessment is a crucial first step in the management of microbial culture collection to screen and determine unexpected potential plant and human pathogenic bacteria. It is common to collect and store as many fresh culture collections from natural resources before being further evaluated for antagonist bacteria. As a result, a bulk of isolates must be preserved which required more effort and budget. Safety evaluations based on the hemolysis and hypersensitive reactions offer simple tests to ease culture collection management of antagonist bacteria. The study aimed to evaluate the safety of bacterial culture collection for their hemolysis and hypersensitive reactions. Ninety-five isolates of rhizosphere and endophytic bacterial isolates from the culture collections of the Department of Plant Protection-IPB University, Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crops Research Institute, and Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, were evaluated their safety using the hemolysis and hypersensitive tests. The hemolysis test was conducted using blood agar media, from which isolates with a negative (?) reaction were then tested for the hypersensitivity reaction on tobacco leaves. Bacterial isolates passed from both hemolysis and hypersensitivity tests were then preserved by the lyophilization method for long-term storage of culture collection. Based on the hemolysis test, 68 out of 95 bacterial isolates (71.57%) were found to be positive (? or ?) reactions. The hypersensitive test showed that 22 of 27 negative hemolysis isolates did not trigger hypersensitivity reactions in tobacco leaves, therefore, they were preserved by lyophilization. The study indicated that a high number of bacterial isolates in the present collection, 68 positive hemolysis, and 5 hypersensitive, need to be re-evaluated due to their safety concerns. The present study highlights the importance of biosafety tests performed in an early stage before the to permanent collection of antagonist isolates.

Experience of innovation management in the process of creation and implementation of inventions

The purpose of this article is to highlight the Soviet experience of the author as head of a creative team involved in transforming research results into formalized inventions. As a result of cooperation between the industrial research institute and the military enterprise, these inventions were introduced into prototypes of new equipment. The research methodology used in this article includes analysis of patent activity, questionnaire surveys, the nonparametric sociometry method, and a methodology for assessing the satisfaction of inventive activity.The article discusses the challenge of increasing the patent activity of domestic inventors of new technology and how this can be achieved using economic and psychological factors of creative participation such as sociometric coherence, emotional-volitional unity, and intellectual and creative potential. It is important to note that the effectiveness of research in scientific and inventive activities can be assessed using financial, personnel, innovation, and scientometric indicators. Additionally, promising directions of inventive activity in the ergonomic support of the creation of new systems of products and technologies are outlined.

Sticky Solutions

This article explores the agency of animal materiality, class, and context in shaping social values within wood research and manufacturing communities in mid-twentieth-century Japan, with a focus on animal glues (nikawa 膠) in relation to other adhesives. It relates the materiality and affordances of adhesives to their value within multiple technosocial contexts, in which glues made from mammalian skin, bones, and hooves remained the predominant adhesive within wood product manufacturing microenterprises but were being replaced by casein-, soybean-, and carbon-based adhesives in academic and corporate laboratories. Working primarily from research reports and consultation records compiled by industrial research institutes embedded within small-scale manufacturing communities, the article proposes that the materiality of animal glues and the larger assemblage of materials-energy-environment-tools-skill-knowledge present in, between, and around labs and workshops both rendered that materiality highly evident to human users and prompted them to value nikawa in highly divergent ways, depending on class and context. The affordances of animal-based glues, alongside those of plant- and carbon-based glues and other substances used with them in manufacturing, led different social groups to value them differently. The result was a bifurcation of value between adjacent but separate social groups, with workshop owners preferring to use animal glues, even as technical advisors labored to dissolve small workshop owners’ attachment or adherence to animal glues, and to prompt them to adopt newer, more “modern” adhesives as part of industrial rationalization and modernization. This paper is part of a special issue entitled “Making Animal Materials in Time,” edited by Laurence Douny and Lisa Onaga.

Effect of application time of NPK fertilizer with a watering system on the growth of macadamia seedlings

The growth of macadamia seedlings takes ± 1 year to become rootstock or planted in the garden. Acceleration of seedling growth can be accelerated through NPK fertilization by a watering system. The advantage of the watering system is easy to apply and the response of the seeds is faster because the fertilizer is immediately absorbed by the roots and leaves. The study aimed to determine the application time of NPK fertilization with the best watering system for the growth of macadamia seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crops Research Institutes(IIBCRI) Sukabumi Regency West Java, from September 2020 to February 2021. The study was conducted by a randomized block design with 5 treatments (application times of NPK fertilizer by watering). Types of treatments are : (P1) once a week, (P2) every 2 weeks, (P3) every 3 weeks, (P4) 4 weeks, and (P0) watering without fertilizer once a week. The experimental results showed that watering NPK fertilizer intervals of 2 weeks were the best treatment for the growth of macadamia seedlings with a height of up to 16 cm, a number of leaves (13.2) strands, root length of 19.82 cm, and dry weight, a total of 8.01 and a root-shoot ratio of 3.77. The dose and application time of NPK fertilizer can be used as information for effective and efficient fertilization so that it can be recommended as balanced fertilization to support sustainable agriculture.

Evonik joins consortium to develop new processes for using sustainable materials

Essen, Germany. A consortium of 19 industrial companies and research institutes, including the BMW Group, Evonik, Thyssenkrupp, the Fraunhofer Institute, and the Technical University of Munich, has set itself the goal of developing new processes for using sustainable materials for circular automotive production. Evonik is contributing its expertise in plastics and additives for recycling to the project. The project, which is funded for three years by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Climate Protection (BMWK), was launched at the end of last year.

The Effect of Tempeh Substitution and Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Addition on The Acceptance and Nutrition of Lempuk Nugget (Gobiopterus sp.) as A Snack for PEM Patient

This study aims to: (1) determine the effect of the substitution of Tempeh and the addition of Carrots on the acceptability of Nugget Lempuk as a snack for PEM patients, (2) identify the nutritional content of the best formulation of soft fish nugget from the hedonic test results. This study is an experimental study using a RAL research design with 6 treatments. The treatments involved factor T as a substitute for tempeh with 3 proportions, namely 25%, 35%, and 45%. In addition, factor W was the addition of carrots with 2 proportions, namely 75% and 100%. The panelists in this study were expert panelists and untrained panelists. The data collection technique in this study employed the hedonic test. Organoleptic data were statistically analyzed using a non-parametric test, namely the Kruskal-Wallis test, and continued with the Mann-Whitney test with a confidence interval <0.05. The results of statistical analysis showed that the T1W2 nugget with 25% tempeh substitution and 100% carrot addition was the best treatment based on the results of De Garmo test with a productivity value of 0.946. The analysis of nutritional content was carried out at the Laboratory of the Surabaya Industrial Standardization and Research Institute. This analysis of protein content using the Kjeldahl test marked a value of 10.60%, and another analysis of calories employing the Bomb Calorimeter test marked a value of 395.80 Kcal/100g. UV-vis spectrophotometry test on Vitamin A marked a value of 135.65 mg/100g. Finally, the Gravimetry test on fibre identified a value of 4.16%.

New Selection Algorithm on Priority Service for Certification Queue Service Information System in BARISTRAND

Queue management for product certification of perishable goods is a major problem faced by the Surabaya Industrial Standardization and Research Institute (BARISTAND). The purpose of this study is to combine the use of the First in first out (FIFO), First Expired First Out (FEFO) and Least Shelf Life First Out (LSFO) methods into an automatic queuing system that can ensure effective service performance in queue management. This research was conducted using qualitative methods with observations to collect data and processes about how the product certification queue process flow at the Surabaya Industrial Standardization and Research Institute (BARISTRAN). The results show that the service only requires an average service completion time of 0.14 products per minute, meaning that every hour it can serve approximately 8.4 products. The conclusion of the research system has succeeded in determining the queue based on the use of the First in first out (FIFO), First Expired First Out (FEFO) and Least Shelf Life First Out (LSFO) methods, and customers can perform the tracking process to find out the certification process for the registered products.

Universities vs. research institutes? Overcoming the Soviet legacy of higher education and research

Universities and non-university research institutes have been recognised as two key sectors producing research globally. The Soviet model of research organisation included a large network of research institutes, affiliated with the USSR Academy of Sciences and republican academies, as well as industry research institutes, affiliated with sectoral ministries. Universities played a minor role in research. Post-Soviet higher education and research systems went through reforms in the last three decades which led to changes in the patterns of knowledge production. This study offers an overview of the reforms and a bibliometric analysis of 319410 publications in journals indexed in the Web of Science database to examine how selected post-Soviet countries have overcome the Soviet legacy of organisational separation of higher education and research. While universities now produce the bulk of research output in selected countries, in the majority of national contexts, Academies of Sciences continue to be important players in research.

Close together or far apart? The geography of host-country knowledge sourcing and MNCs’ innovation performance

ABSTRACT We investigate the influence of different host-country knowledge sources on the quality and generality of multinational corporation (MNC) innovation. We suggest that the quality of MNC innovation increases with the geographical distance from local industrial organizations. We also argue that the generality of MNC innovation increases with the distance from local research institutions, but decreases after a certain threshold. We explain these relationships based on the different cognitive and geographical distances separating MNC innovation activities from industrial organizations and research institutions. We test our arguments on a sample of US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) patents developed in the United States by foreign semiconductor MNCs.

On the use of maritime training simulators with humans in the loop for understanding and evaluating algorithms for autonomous vessels

The prospect of a future where the maritime shipping industry is dominated by autonomous vessels is appealing and gaining global interest from industry majors, research institutions, and academia. Potential advantages include increased operational safety, reduced costs, and lower environmental footprint. However, the transition will not happen overnight and is not without challenges. For example, algorithms for autonomous navigation must take into consideration safety concerns of the own ship, its crew and passengers, other surrounding ships, and the surrounding environment. This raises a need to test and verify safety, performance, and robustness of the algorithms responsible for the autonomous functionality. In addition, the transition towards fully autonomous ships is likely to be gradual and involve remote control centres and ships with varying degrees of autonomy. Hence, humans will inevitably have to interact with autonomous vessels in a variety of scenarios, including overriding own ships from land or on board, as well as communicating with autonomous ships from other fleets. Inevitably, full scale scenario testing involving real vessels and humans is costly, impractical, time-consuming, and potentially dangerous. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach, and explore how maritime navigation training simulators with humans in the loop can be used as a testbed for understanding and evaluating algorithms for autonomous vessels. In the proposed setting, we can directly compare choices made by an algorithm with those of a skilled human navigator for a variety of navigational tasks. Moreover, we can study in real-time the behaviour and decision-making of human navigators in mixed scenarios that also include autonomous ships, whether this is known beforehand or not. Our paper provides an overview of related work, details on maritime simulators and how algorithms can be tested, and some of the technical requirements. To exemplify our approach, we present two example test setups, and provide a brief discussion of our findings. We conclude that using maritime training simulators enables the study of several interesting and vital research questions, including that of the interaction between autonomous and traditional vessels operating side by side.