Industrial Complex Site Research Articles

Health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds exposure near Daegu dyeing industrial complex in South Korea

BackgroundStudying human health in areas with industrial contamination is a serious and complex issue. In recent years, attention has increasingly focused on the health implications of large industrial complexes. A variety of potential toxic chemicals have been produced during manufacturing processes and activities in industrial complexes in South Korea. A large number of dyeing industries gathered together in Daegu dyeing industrial complex. The residents near the industrial complex could be often exposed to volatile organic compounds. This study aimed to evaluate VOCs levels in the ambient air of DDIC, to assess the impact on human health risks, and to find more convincing evidences to prove these VOCs emitted from DDIC.MethodsAccording to deterministic risk assessment, inhalation was the most important route. Residential indoor, outdoor and personal exposure air VOCs were measured by passive samplers in exposed area and controlled area in different seasons. Satisfaction with ambient environments and self-reported diseases were also obtained by questionnaire survey. The VOCs concentrations in exposed area and controlled area was compared by t-test. The relationships among every VOC were tested by correlation. The values of hazard quotient (HQ) and life cancer risk were estimated.ResultsThe concentrations of measured VOCs were presented, moreover, the variety of concentrations according the distances from the residential settings to the industrial complex site in exposed area. The residential indoor, outdoor, and personal exposure concentrations of toluene, DMF and chloroform in exposed area were significantly higher than the corresponding concentrations in controlled area both in summer and autumn. Toluene, DMF, chloroform and MEK had significantly positive correlations with each other in indoor and outdoor, and even in personal exposure. The HQ for DMF exceeded 1, and the life cancer risk of chloroform was greater than 10− 4 in exposed area. The prevalence of respiratory diseases, anaphylactic diseases and cardiovascular diseases in exposed area were significantly higher than in controlled area.ConclusionsThis study showed that adverse cancer and non-cancer health effects may occur by VOCs emitted from DDIC, and some risk managements are needed. Moreover, this study provides a convenient preliminarily method for pollutants source characteristics.

Chemical composition, diurnal variation and sources of PM2.5 at two industrial sites of South China

Diurnal PM2.5 samples were collected during summer and winter at an industrial complex site (site A) and an electronic waste (e–waste) recycling site (site B) in Qingyuan, South China. The concentration of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble ions (WSI) and elements were investigated for their seasonal and diurnal variations. Organic matter (OM) was the most abundant specie in winter, accounting for 40.2% and 48.8% of PM2.5 in sites A and B, respectively; while in summer, excluding the elemental portion, WSI was the biggest part, which accounted for 37% and 49.4% of PM2.5 mass in sites A and B, respectively. Significantly higher concentrations were observed for most of the analyzed chemical species in winter. Average acidity of PM2.5 at both sites was significantly higher in summer. Diurnal variation with elevated concentrations of PM2.5 in nighttime samples was found at site B. Secondary inorganic aerosols (NH4+, NO3− and SO42−) exhibited clear day–to–night variation. Concentration of SO42− was about 15% higher in daytime samples. NH4+ and NO3− co–varied in winter, but were weakly associated with each other in summer. Sites A and B samples were almost all ammonium–rich in winter, whereas the summer samples were ammonium–poor during the daytime but ammonium–rich in the night. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model analysis showed that secondary formation, biomass burning, regional industries, coal combustion and dust had significant contribution to PM2.5. Among them, secondary formation and biomass burning together contributed approximately 50% of PM2.5 mass at both sites. Additionally e–waste recycling activities resulted in high pollution of Cu at Site B.

Floral Analysis of Large Scale Development Area Considering Biotope Groups - Focused on Daegu Science Parks National Industrial Complex Site -

Floral Analysis of Large Scale Development Area Considering Biotope Groups - Focused on Daegu Science Parks National Industrial Complex Site -

Characterization of PM2.5-bound nitrated and oxygenated PAHs in two industrial sites of South China

Daytime and nighttime PM2.5 samples were collected between August 5 and 16, 2009 and between January 24 and February 4, 2010 in an industrial complex site (site A) and an e-waste recycling site (site B) to determine the seasonal and diurnal variations of nitrated (nitro-) and oxygenated (oxy-) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The two sites show similar composition for nitro- and oxy-PAHs although the composition of parent PAHs was quite different. 3+2-Nitrofluoranthene (3+2NFL) was the most abundant nitro-PAH, while 9,10-anthraquinone (Anquin), benzanthrone (Bzone) and 6H-benzo[cd]pyrene-6-one (Bpone) were the three major oxy-PAHs species. The concentrations of Σnitro-PAHs and Σoxy-PAHs were about 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than those of Σparent PAHs. Most of the nitro- and oxy-PAHs show notable seasonal variation. 7-Nitrobenz[a]anthracene (7NBaA), Bzone and benzo[a]anthrancene-7,12-dione (Bzdion) demonstrated a pronounced diurnal variation. The occurrence of nitro- and oxy-PAHs in the two sites can be accounted by direct emission and atmospheric secondary formation.

Optimal management design of a pump and treat system at the industrial complex in Wonju, Korea

The optimization of the management design for the remediation of contaminated groundwater, using a pump and treat system, was performed for an industrial complex site in Wonju, Korea. The groundwater in the study area was contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and other solvents. The pump and treat system was selected as a remediation technique, with a genetic algorithm selected as the optimization technique. The groundwater flow and contaminant transport were simulated using MODFLOW, MT3D and RT3D. Three possible scenarios were considered to obtain a cost effective remediation strategy. The cost effectiveness was determined by the total cost, including the installation cost of pumping wells and the operational cost of the pump and treat system. Scenario 1 involved the removal of TCE from the entire contaminated area using pre-existing candidate pumping wells and additional candidate wells. The results with scenario 1 showed that additional candidate wells were required to reduce the total remediation cost. Scenario 2 involved the simultaneous removals of TCE and other solvents from the entire contaminated area. The total cost of scenario 2 was 180% that of scenario 1. Scenario 3 entailed containing the TCE within a compliance line, with another remediation technique applied to the rest of the contaminated area to reduce the total remediation cost. The total cost of scenario 3 was reduced to 37% that of scenario 1 under the same cleanup time constraint. If the cost of the other remediation technique does not exceed the difference between the total costs of the other two scenarios, the optimal management design of scenario 3 would be the most cost effective remediation strategy.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with molecular weight 302 in PM2.5 at two industrial sites in South China

Daytime and nighttime PM(2.5) samples were collected between August 5 and 16, 2009 and between January 24 and February 4, 2010 in an industrial complex site (site A) and an electronic waste recycling site (site B) to determine the seasonal and diurnal variations of 19 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with molecular weight 302 (MW302) including four highly carcinogenic dibenzopyrene (DBP) isomers dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBalP), dibenzo[a,e]pyrene (DBaeP), dibenzo[a,i]pyrene (DBaiP), and dibenzo[a,h]pyrene (DBahP). This is the first report on DBP isomers in air particles from South China. The total concentration of PAH MW302 isomers ranged from 1.65 to 3.60 ng m(-3) in summer and 3.82 to 9.81 ng m(-3) in winter. The strongest peaks in the chromatograms of the MW302 isomers were naphtha[2,1-a]pyrene (N21aP), dibenzo[j,l]fluoranthene (DBjlF), naphtha[1,2-b]fluoranthene (N12bF), naphtha[1,2-k]fluoranthene (N12kF) and dibenzo[a,e]fluoranthene (DBaeF), constituting 52.0 to 55.4% of the total MW302 isomers. All the MW302 isomers showed notable seasonal variations. Most of the MW302 isomers in site B showed distinctive diurnal variations with higher concentrations occurring in the night. Taking into account both concentration and potency equivalence factors (PEFs), the strongest carcinogen in the analyzed samples was DBaiP, and the ratios of sum carcinogenic potency of four highly carcinogenic DBP isomers to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was about 0.94 in winter to 1.89 in summer, indicating the importance of DBP isomers for the risk assessment. Health risk assessment indicated that on average, 1 in 100 000 residents in the two industrial sites may have an increased risk of cancer due to PAH exposure.

해안지역 산업단지조성 따른 해양 부유물질 거동에 관한 연구

정부는 지역제조산업 육성을 목적으로 기존 부지를 개선 확장하거나 해안지역 매립을 통하여 신설하는 방향으로 산업단지조성을 위한 정책을 펼치고 있다. 따라서, 물리적 환경적인 특성의 관점에서 해안지역매립으로 인한 영향의 분석은 반드시 필요하다. 본 논문도 임해지역 국가산업단지 조성에 따른 영향을 인근 해역의 해양물리적 특성, 퇴적 및 확산 체계 변화, 해양환경 변화 등의 현상을 현장관측조사 및 수치시뮬레이션을 통하여 분석하고자 한다. 적용대상역은 울산광역시의 온산국가산업단지 인근의 해안선경계역이다. 검증을 위해 조석, 조류 및 퇴적에 관한 기존의 관측자료를 확보하였으며 일부 특정지점에서는 현장관측도 수행하였다. 검증한 모델로 실제대상해역에 적용하고 장래변화를 분석하였다. The government is now driving a policy that development of industrial complex site for the local manufacturing industry by reengineering and expanding the existing sites or reclamation of coastal zone. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the impact of the coastal reclamation work in terms of physical and environmental characteristics. This study is also dealing with the impact of coastal reclamation for national industrial complex site to the ocean physical characteristics, variation of sedimentation and diffusion system and marine environment from the analysis of the field measurement and numerical simulation. The site for application is at the coastal boundary near Onsan national industrial complex, Ulsan metro city. In order to verify the numerical simulation result, it is compared to the collected data for tide, current, and sediments of the existing measurement and field observation at the selected stations for this study. The verified numerical models were applied to the actual field and the future change was analyzed.

국내 하천들의 수질, 하천 퇴적물, 주변 토양 및 별늑대거미 체내 중금속 축적량을 통한 환경오염도 평가

A comprehensive quality survey for heavy metals, organophosphorous and organochlorine residual pesticides, and coplanar PCBs in samples such as water, sediments and soils as well as spiders has been implemented. The samples were undertaken at nine stream sites and their vicinity in August 2006, representing different surrounding environments. The levels of PCBs were expressed as concentrations and WHO-TEFs. Among 12 coplanar PCBs as target compounds in this study, 2,3', 4,4', 5-PentaCB (IUPAC # 118) was the congener with the highest concentration. The total concentrations and TEF values of coplanar PCBs in Siheung stream sediment (heavy industrial complex site located in Ansan city) were 3915.50 pg/g and 0.8366 pg-TEQ/g on a dry weight basis, respectively. Such levels were around 40 times higher compared to sediment from Gapyung stream (green site located in the upper of Myunggi mountain). It is probably due to the direct input of PCBs trom PCBs treatment materials. Organophosphorous (EPN, dementon-s-methyl, diazinon, parathion, and phenthoate) and organochlorine (alpha-BHC, aldrin, 4,4'-DDT, 4,4'-DDE, endosulfan alpha and etc.) pesticides were not detected above 5 ppb of detection limits. The concentrations of Cu and Cd in water and sediment samples from Siheung stream were 44.11 and and and , respectively, which contained times higher concentrations than those from Gapyung stream. In addition to the water and sediment samples, the levels of heavy metals in spider from designated sampling sites were also determined. Heavy metals in spider collected near Siheung stream was appeared to be equivalent and/or a little higher levels with respect to other spiders. Furthermore, the ratio of relative heavy metals (Cu, Cd, and Pb) in spider from each stream site showed a correlation as similar as that of heavy metals in soil samples.

Geochemical and textural properties of carbonate and terrigenous sediments along the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba

The physicochemical properties of 21 marine sediment samples were investigated, collected from five different localities along the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. According to the chemical parameters, sediments were categorized into three groups: carbonate (80% CaCO3), composed mainly of materials of calcareous skeletal structures; terrigenous (<10% CaCO3) depositional areas for land-derived materials from surrounding rocks and alluviums; and a admixture of the first two (19–37% CaCO3). High significant linear correlations were found between organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN), indicating the occurrence of these components in a common phase (organic matter). Despite the co-occurrence of TP in organic matter, these two elements were negatively correlated, indicating anthropogenic sources of pollution such as phosphate exportation (hotel areas and clinker port sites) and industrial activities (industrial complex site). The study found that variations in texture properties and mud contents were due to differences in sediment sources, topography and their response during currents and waves. The finer, well-sorted sediments contain lower elemental concentrations of OC, calcium carbonate and TN (excluding TP) than coarser, poorly-sorted sediments.