Industrial Classification Of All Economic Activities Research Articles

Role of Standard Setting Organizations in the Indian Ict Sector: an Intellectual Property Law Analysis

Introduction: Standard-setting organizations (SSOs) are critical policy-making bodies that have a decisive bearing on technical sectors that are not just global, but also in Indian society. They form rules that become the reference point for stepping up the development and deployment of the tech. This study is designed to open the curtains and delve into SSOs' standard-setting process in the Indian ICT sector and assess the challenges that emerge. Objectives: The worldwide efficient methods employed by the global SSOs and contrast them with the Indian ones to spot correlations. Moreover, Indian SSOs' IPRs hidden under Indian patent laws will be also looked at. In the end, apart from the recommendations for upgrading and aligning the policies regarding the standardization of ICT equipment in India, we will also provide some suggestions. Theoretical Framework: The sequel of this process will be the exploration of IP laws such as patents in India focused solely on patent licensing - the standardization practice carried out by patentees. Results and Discussion: Emphasize the standard-setting actions of Indian SSOs by highlighting the problems encountered. A comparative analysis of substantive cooperation between inter-planetary and Indian anti-space security organizations will be carried out. Lectures covering how Indian SSOs match the Indian Patent Act and Rules will accordingly be given. The implications of the high effect of ICT standardization in India will be suggested. Considerable facts will be culled from doctrinal law, and each of the methods used in the licensing of education institutions will be examined. Research Implications: Improving standard-setting processes by key Indian SSOs such as BIS(Bureau of Indian Standards), ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) and ISIF (Indian Standards and Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities) Moreover, the Indian IP legal system and licensing structure will be proposed to ensure integration barriers are addressed and the standardization of the ICT is improved.

Analyzing the incidence of silicosis across various industries in Taiwan: a study of occupational disease surveillance by linking national-based workers’ and medicoadministrative databases

ObjectivesThis study aimed to establish an occupational disease surveillance system by identifying high-risk industries for silicosis in Taiwan using a national database linkage approach. MethodsThe study was based on a comprehensive analysis of benefit claims from the National Labor Insurance Research Database and medical records from the National Health Insurance Research Database between 2004 and 2020, providing coverage for more than 88.5% of the workforce and 99.9% of citizens. Silicosis was defined as having received compensation for labor insurance benefits or having received a diagnosis of silicosis (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision: J62 or International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision: 502). The study used the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities for industry-specific classification. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the silicosis incidence and risk among each industry and identify high-risk industries for silicosis. ResultsThis study analyzed 1466 cases of silicosis between 2004 and 2020 and found that 28 industries had incidence rates of over 40 cases per 100,000 workers, indicating more than double the risk of developing silicosis. Of these industries, 14 were considered high risk (relative risk of over four times). Among these, this study identified industries rarely mentioned in the past, such as wholesale of brick, sand, cement, and products, artistic creation, landscape construction, and materials recovery. Stratification by years of work experience reveals those industries such as quarrying of stone, sand, clay, and other mining, construction of buildings, landscape construction, site preparation, foundation and structure construction, building completion and finishing, manufacture of ships, boats, and floating structures, and plumbing, heat, and air conditioning installation display higher hazard ratios for individuals with <10 years of work experience. ConclusionsThe current surveillance system has identified certain industries that are at a higher risk of developing silicosis, which could be used for future occupational epidemiological surveys and targeted preventive measures in these sectors.

Progression of an emission inventory of China integrating CO2 with air pollutants: A chance to learn the influence of development on emissions

An emission inventory, involving both air pollutants (APs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs), is needed so that the questions of air pollution and climate change can be co-addressed, coordinated, and collaborated upon. In this study, an emission inventory, including both APs and CO2 (representing GHGs), was developed for China 2019 using two special measures. First, the framework of air pollution source classification was used for the integrative inventory and then the CO2 emissions for each sector/subsector/source in the GHG inventory were precisely arranged into the framework of APs by every possible means such as drawing on the constraints from the International Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), which enabled the sharing of common or intrinsically connected activity data for both APs and CO2. Second, an attempt was made to deduce the activity data of various industrial processes through proper interpretation of the information carried in Pollutant Permits. The calculated emissions of APs and CO2 were found to be comparable to the results of other studies. Additionally, the average per capita CO2 and pollution equivalents (PEs) were 10.29 ± 6.75 tons and 11.72 ± 7.35 tons, respectively, over the provincial regions with per capita gross domestic product (GDP) lower than ￥70000 (about $10000). Whereas the average per capita CO2 and PEs dropped to 6.10 ± 1.83 tons and 6.70 ± 2.09 tons, respectively, over the provincial regions with per capita GDP higher than ￥70000. This somewhat supports the philosophy of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) regarding the close connection between emission and development. Moreover, the two emission intensities (for APs and CO2) were found to vary synchronously among the provinces, reflecting the inter-linked fates of the two emissions under the control measures oriented toward either APs or GHGs.

Could we estimate industrial wastewater flows composition using the UN-ISIC classification system?

Although we have extensive datasets on the location and typology of industries, we do not know much on their generated and discharged wastewater. This lack of information compromises the achievement of the sustainable development goals focused on water (Sustainable Development Goal 6) in Europe and globally. Thus, our goal was to assess to which degree the chemical composition of industrial wastewater could be estimated based on the industry's typology according to its International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) class. We collected wastewater effluent water samples from 60 industrial wastewater effluents (before any wastewater treatment process), accounting for 5 samples each of 12 ISIC classes, analyzed the composition of key contaminants (i.e. European Commission rated priority compounds and watchlist), and statistically assessed the similarities and differences amongst ISIC classes using ordination and random forest analyses. The results showed statistically significant linkages between most ISIC classes and the composition of produced wastewater. Among the analytical parameters measured, the random forest methodology allowed identifying a sub-set particularly relevant for classification or eventual contamination prediction based on ISIC class. This is an important applied research topic with strong management implications to (i) determine pollution emission caps for each individual ISIC class, (ii) define monitoring schemes to sample and analyze industrial wastewater, and (iii) enable predicting pollutant loads discharged in river basins with scarce information. These encouraging results urge us to expand our work into other ISIC classes and water quality parameters to draw a full picture of the relationship between ISIC classes and produced wastewater.

Prevalence and gender disparity of those who screen positive for depression in China by the classification of the employer and industry: a cross-sectional, population-based study

BackgroundThe important role of mental health in sustainable economic development is gradually being recognized. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and gender disparity of those who screen positive for depression in China by the employer and industrial classification.MethodsWe used data from a nationally representative survey, the China Family Panel Studies. Depression was judged by the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Employer classifications were categorized according to the local characteristics of Mainland China. Industrial classifications were defined using level-1 of the China version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities. Weighted logistic regressions were fitted to estimate the gender disparities, controlling for confounders.ResultsForty eight thousand six hundred twenty eight adults were included. 18.7% (95%CI 18.1–19.4) of sampled adults were screened positive for depression symptoms, with 16.6% (95%CI 15.8–17.5) in males vs 21.0% (95%CI 20.1–22.0) in females. By classification of the employer, the prevalence was lowest among those employed by Government/party organisations (11.8%, 95%CI 8.9–15.4), and highest in those self-employed (21.8%, 95%CI 20.8–22.9); the gender disparity was mainly found in those employed by Sole proprietorship (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.95, 95%CI 1.19–3.19) and Private enterprise (AOR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.13–1.59), as well as those self-employed (AOR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.3–1.17). By industrial classification, the prevalence was lowest among those who worked in the industry of Real estate (7.2%, 95%CI 4.8–10.6), and highest among those who worked in the industry of Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing (22.9%, 95%CI 15.5–32.4); the gender disparity was mainly found in those who worked in the industry of Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing (AOR = 3.29, 95%CI 1.18–9.15), Manufacturing (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.09–1.82), Wholesale and retail trade (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.07–2.06), and Accommodation and food service (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.15–3.18).ConclusionThe prevalence of depression in China had a wide variation by classifications of the employer and industry. Gender disparities were identified among workers from Sole proprietorship, Private enterprise, and self-employed, or workers from the industry of Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing, Manufacturing, Wholesale and retail trade, and Accommodation and food service.

Orange Economy: definition and measurement – the case of Jordan

ABSTRACT Cultural and creative industries, also known as the Orange Economy, are characterized by both cultural and commercial value and considered as an important engine for economic growth and employment. Notwithstanding the increasing attention by policy makers worldwide, statistics relating to their economic contribution are still lacking and/or outdated. This study aims to provide an operational definition of the Orange Economy and suggest a pragmatic approach for estimating its direct economic impact, based on the latest version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC-4). Applying this methodology to the case of Jordan for the period 2011–2018, it emerges that the Orange Economy has been almost duplicating its value added creation since 2011, to reach 2.4% of GDP in 2018. Further estimations reveal that, in 2018, the Orange Economy employed 3% of the workforce, profiling itself as labor intensive, and therefore, as a potential driver of employment.

Analisis Efisiensi Industri Manufaktur Besar dan Sedang di Provinsi Jawa Barat

Abstract: Purpose: This study aims to analyse technical efficiency of large and medium manufacturing industries (LMMIs) in West Java Province, Indonesia. Method: The slacks-based measure (SBM) of efficiency in data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to accomplish the objective of the study. The output is measured by total output value in thousand rupiahs; while the inputs are: labour cost, cost of materials, cost of fuels, cost of electricity, and fixed capital cost. Results: This study uses data from the annual survey held by Statistics Indonesia of Central Java Province for the period of 2019. The LMMIs are divided into 24 different industrial classifications following the International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4. Result shows that among 23 ISIC classifications, five of them are considered as efficient, they are: tobacco products; leather and related products and footwear; paper and paper products; coke, refined petroleum products, and electrical equipment. Limitations: This study is performed in a cross-sectional setting. It is recommended to conduct similar analysis in a panel data setting since more information of efficiency and changes in efficiency can be obtained. Contribution: Literature about assessing technical efficiency of manufacturing industry in Indonesia using SBM-DEA is quite limited; therefore, this study contributes to the literature by providing such analysis. Keywords: 1. data envelopment analysis 2. efficiency 3. large and medium enterprise 4. manufacturing industry 5. slacks-based measure

An Analysis of the International Law on Waste Statistics

The article contains an analytical review of the regulatory framework in the waste statistics. By summing up documentary evidences (conventions on protection of the population health and environment, objectives and indicators of Sustainable Development Goals, related with waste), it is demonstrated that waste statistics plays important role in identifying waste-specific problems, priority setting in waste management, formulating and implementing policy goals in waste management. &#x0D; It is shown that the waste statistics is collected by various international entities, and reports on waste generated in the process of economic activities are made up using two main classifications: International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), and Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE). The EU practices in the waste statistics are highlighted. The EU approach to waste treatment is based on “waste hierarchy”. In practice, a major part of EU countries collects the data on waste types by the List of Waste. After that, the conformity between the types of waste and EWC-Stat is set using the translation table given in Annex III to the Waste Statistics Regulation. Only several countries collect data by the reliance on EWC-Stat.&#x0D; Problems faced by the waste statistics are discussed (inadequate comparability of waste statistics due to different methods and definitions used in the data production; incomplete coverage of waste-specific issues by the official waste statistics), sources of these problems are determined. &#x0D; The analysis demonstrates that the waste statistics is a rather new field in EU, which evidence is the ongoing change in the EU regulatory framework. The countries producing waste data with reference to it or implementing it should do it by taking account for the most recent change. The need for harmonization of national methodologies in the waste statistics is highlighted.

Frequency of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Various Occupational Sectors in an Industrialized Area of Northern Italy from May to October 2020.

The results of a voluntary screening campaign for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 serum antibodies are presented, performed on workers in the highly industrialized province of Modena in northern Italy in the period 18 May–5 October 2020. The employment activities of the subjects that tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and/or IgG antibodies were determined and classified using the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC). The distribution across different sectors was compared to the proportion of workers employed in the same sectors in the province of Modena as a whole. Workers with anti-SARS-CoV-2 serum antibodies were mainly employed in manufacturing (60%), trade (12%), transportation (9%), scientific and technical activities (5%), and arts, entertainment and recreation activities (4.5%). Within the manufacturing sector, a cluster of workers with positive serological tests was observed in the meat processing sector, confirming recent data showing a possible increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in these workers.

ПІДХОДИ ДО КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ТОРГОВЕЛЬНИХ ПОТОКІВ ПІД ЧАС АНАЛІЗУ СТРУКТУРИ ТОВАРНОГО ЕКСПОРТУ

The quality of the analysis of the structure of merchandise exports depends on the groups of trade flows, according to which the study is carried out, therefore, the choice of the classification on the basis of which the analytical study of the export structure is carried out can give answers regarding the choice of the further direction of development of foreign trade. The article discusses the main approaches to the classification of trade flows, identifies their features, advantages and disadvantages. It has been determined that the most common of these are the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), Lall classification used by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTADstat) and the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISGC) or The International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC). The national classification of trade flows includes the Ukrainian Classification of Goods for Foreign Economic Activity (UKT FEA), compiled on the basis of the Harmonized System of Description and Coding of Goods and the Combined Nomenclature of the European Union (used in 207 countries), which promotes the closest relationship between foreign trade statistics and production statistics. Different classifications of trade flows are based on different approaches and different classification features. On the one hand, each classification should cover all groups of goods, on the other hand, show the quality component of exports. The Lall classification, which takes into account the technological complexity of exported goods, is most consistent with these two requirements. This classification is based on the available indicators of technological activity in production. It corresponds to the concept of most analysts regarding the technological rating of manufactured products. The success of a country's export directly depends on the quality of exported goods, therefore, the analysis of the structure of merchandise exports should be based on approaches that take this indicator into account.

Predictive Maintenance in SCADA-Based Industries: A literature review

The purpose of this paper is to mapping and review what has been done on the topic of research on predictive maintenance in SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) based industries. In the research area of predictive maintenance, various methods for predicting damage or time to failure of a machine have been proposed and applied in various industries. This paper systematically categorizes predictive maintenance in SCADA-based industries research based on industry classifications according to ISIC (International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities). Furthermore, the research scope is explored its connection to the topics of Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). It is found that 81.5% of the research was conducted on the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply industries, 11.1% of research was conducted on the mining and quarrying industry, and 7.4% of the research conducted in the manufacturing industry. It is also found that 85.2% of studies used AI and ML, 18.5% of the studies used IoT, and 18.5% of research used AI/ML and IoT technology together.

Identification of Distorted Official Hospitality Statistics’ and Their Impact on DMOs’ Funding’s Sustainability: Case Notes from Slovakia

Analyzing the usability of open machine-readable registries in the context of minimizing gaps for local occupancy tax evasions in the example of Slovakia is the main purpose of this paper. The concept uses the Registry of Financial Statements’ and Registry of Legal Entities’ application programming interfaces (APIs) for extracting public data on companies’ and entrepreneurs’ business nature, in accordance with Eurostat’s Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community (NACE) and United Nations’ International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) at the level of entities’ registered address. The resulted data sets are compared with open official data that is available at the municipality level (LAU2), as gathered by the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic’s monthly surveys and municipalities’ annual accounts. The comparison’s outcomes indicate the deviations between the official and the possible numbers of entities with occupancy tax obligations, as well as tax revenues. The results conclude with how the incorporation of used open APIs in official processes may be beneficial for public and state institutions in the matter of potential local tax evasions, as well as for state regulated public-private partnership destination management organizations. The notes also discuss solutions for the minimization of data and the industry’s official impact distortion.

Tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship ban enforcement index at sales points in Panama, 2017.

INTRODUCTIONWe assess the tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) ban enforcement in sales points in Panama in 2017.METHODSA nationwide observational survey to assess TAPS ban enforcement in sales points was conducted and involved retail sale in non-specialized stores with food, beverages or tobacco predominating according to the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities Rev. 4. A TAPS ban enforcement index was developed from factorial analysis by principal component with a polychoric correlation matrix to calculate the mean national index value.RESULTSThe national TAPS ban enforcement index value was found to be 3.03. The index value in sales points according to the tobacco products advertisement was 1.98, which was significantly lower where the advertisement was present and 3.09 where it was absent (t=7.57, p<0.05). Each of the three health regions corresponding to Indigenous Territories had an index below the national mean: Emberá-Wounáan (2.52), Guna-Yala (2.65), and Ngäbe-Buglé (2.91). Similar findings were observed among health regions with a west national border: Chiriquí (2.80) and Bocas Del Toro (2.93). On the other hand, the top indices were observed in Panama Metro (3.25), Darién (3.53) and Coclé (3.63).CONCLUSIONSThere is a high level of enforcement of the TAPS ban as a consequence of the full implementation of the FCTC as a law in Panama. However, indigenous territories and west national border areas had the lowest TAPS ban enforcement, making these populations vulnerable. A fertile ground for future research includes the identification of possible vulnerable targets for tobacco products advertisement, particularly in urban areas.

Classification of economic activities in Colombia according to workplace accident and disease rates using a data clustering algorithm

In 2002 the Colombian Government issued a classification of economic activities according to their level of occupational risk, taking into account the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC). Since 2008, the federation of Colombian insurance companies (FASECOLDA) has gathered data related to workplace accident and occupational disease rates reported by companies with employees affiliated to the legal labour system. In this study, economic activities have been categorized according to the average rates of workplace accident and occupational disease presented between 2008 and 2016, using some techniques of the Data Clustering Algorithm. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the current classification system, and propose recommendations for a new approach, taking into account the analysis of historic data available.

Contribución de la tecnología a la productividad de las pymes de la industria textil en Ecuador

Technology currently has an important role in global business management, and has become a key tool for companies to become more effective, efficient and competitive. This paper studies how the use technology relates to the productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the textile industry in Ecuador. This industrial sector has been prioritised in Ecuadorian industry, and the SMEs that are the purpose of this study is within the International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC) C13, “Textile manufacturing” distributed throughout the country. In order to determine the relationship between technology and productivity, Solow's economic model was applied, using the variables: production, capital, workforce, and technology, which are found in production procedures of these business organisations. The results of the study, in general, show the scope that the previously mentioned variables contribute to the productivity of companies of the textile industry, and in particular, the influence of the use of the technology in the increase or decrease of the productivity.

Compensation for Asbestos-Related Diseases in Japan: Utilization of Standard Classifications of Industry and Occupations

Background:Asbestos-related diseases (ARD) are occupational hazards with high mortality rates. To identify asbestos exposure by previous occupation is the main issue for ARD compensation for workers. This study aimed to identify risk groups by applying standard classifications of industries and occupations to a national database of compensated ARD victims in Japan.Methods:We identified occupations that carry a risk of asbestos exposure according to the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC). ARD compensation data from Japan between 2006 and 2013 were retrieved. Each compensated worker was classified by job section and group according to the ISIC code. Risk ratios for compensation were calculated according to the percentage of workers compensated because of ARD in each ISIC category.Results:In total, there were 6,916 workers with ARD who received compensation in Japan between 2008 and 2013. ISIC classification section F (construction) had the highest compensated risk ratio of 6.3. Section C (manufacturing) and section F (construction) had the largest number of compensated workers (2,868 and 3,463, respectively). In the manufacturing section C, 9 out of 13 divisions had a risk ratio of more than 1. For ISIC divisions in the construction section, construction of buildings (division 41) had the highest number of workers registering claims (2,504).Conclusion:ISIC classification of occupations that are at risk of developing ARD can be used to identify the actual risk of workers’ compensation at the national level.

OECD Structural Analysis Databases: Sectoral Principles in the Study of Markets for Goods and Services

This study focuses on the characteristics of the information database of the OECD structural business statistics in the analysis of markets of goods and services, and macroeconomic trends. The system of indicators of structural statistics is presented in OECD publications and on-line access to a wide range of users. Collected data sources generated by the OECD offices are based on the national statistical offices of country-members, Russia and the BRICS. Data on the development of economic sectors are calculated according to the methodology of individual countries, regional and international standards: annual national accounts of countries, annual industry and business surveys, methodology of short-term indicators, statistics of international trade in goods. Data are aggregated on the basis of complex indicators statements of the enterprises' questionnaire and business surveys. Information system of structural statistics which is available and continuously updated, has certain features. It is composed of several subsystems: Structural Statistics on Industry and Services, EU entrepreneurship statistics, Indicators of Industry and Services, International Trade in Commodities Statistics. The grouping of industries is based on the International standard industrial classification of all economic activities (ISIC). Classification of foreign trade flows is made in accordance with the Harmonized system of description and coding of goods. The structural statistics databases comprise four classes of industries' grouping according to the technology intensity. The paper discusses the main reasons for the non-comparability of data in the subsystems in certain time intervals.

296 Influence from non-occupational factors on self-reported occupational lifting among pregnant women: findings from the Danish National Birth Cohort

ObjectiveTo establish exposure estimates based on prospective interviews in a cohort of pregnant women using a job and industry group-based approach, and to evaluate whether non-occupational factors should be considered...

Risk-based air pollutants management at regional levels

► Justified the use of a health risk-based approach to address air pollution problem. ► Demonstrated its technical feasibility in addressing SO 2 in Beijing and its vicinity. ► Studied health risks associated with the SO 2 emissions from different sectors. ► Found different marginal risks by unit emissions from different sectors. ► Results help improve efficiency in resource utilization for abating SO 2 emissions. The ultimate objective of abating air pollution is to protect the health and welfare of the public, while in the past, health and welfare are seldom used as the direct policy target. Often, emissions or concentrations are used as the direct target. In this paper, we put heavy weight on the justification of using a risk-based approach to address air pollution problems, and use a case study to demonstrate its technical feasibility in a Chinese setting. In the case, we study the health risks associated with SO 2 emissions from the different sectors in Beijing and its surrounding areas (the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region), to inform control responsibility assignment and control option design. The emission inventory was classified by sectors according to Chinese Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities. The Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system is used to simulate the fate and transport of SO 2 in the study region. Intake fraction, which is defined as the incremental intake per unit of pollutant released from a source or a category of sources, is borrowed to indicate the marginal risk posed by SO 2 from the major sectors. The results show that the intake fraction avoided per unit of SO 2 emissions abated from the four major sectors (power sector, smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, and chemical industry) varies greatly, which implies that using a risk-based approach has the potential to help improve the efficiency in resource utilization for assigning pollutant control responsibilities and prioritizing pollutant control options.

Growth of Firms in Manufacturing Sector

This article focuses on growth, one of the important aspects of firm behaviour, in Iran’s manufacturing sector with regard to large firms and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It attempts to analyze the factors that have had an effect on the firms’ growth in this period and tries to show the differences between SMEs and large firms in pattern of growth by using generalized method of moment (GMM) estimator for 137 sub-sectors (4-digit International Standard of Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities [ISIC] code) during 1995–2002. The evidences suggest that some elements such as growth in previous year, minimum efficient scale, total factor productivity, export, capital–labour ratio, import, technology usage, sunk cost and age have effect on firms’ growth in both SMEs and large firms. In Iran manufacturing sector, some specific variables such as oil and ownership are important for growth of firms. Moreover, the result implies that the pattern of growth for SMEs and large firms is different.