Industrial Adjustment Research Articles

Analysis of How Industrial Policy and Competition Policy Promote the Development of Cross-border E-commerce EnterprisesTake the Unicorn Company Shein as an Example

Abstract: Since the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central government has proposed to realize the economic development model of domestic and international dual circulation. The development of China's cross-border e-commerce industry is in the ascendant, and the unicorn company Shein has achieved successive revenue achievements in recent years. However, there are still problems with the external environment, which is dominated by industrial policy and competition policy. This paper analyzes the current external environment of China's cross-border e-commerce, analyzes the relationship between China's industrial policy and competition policy, and enlightens the competition policy adjustment of China's cross-border e-commerce industry through foreign experience.

Analysing the multifaceted determinants of exorbitant medical expenses among senior citizens in Malaysia

This article analyses the complex factors contributing to rising medical expenses, focusing on the senior citizen demographic in Malaysia. With the global aging population, notably in lower and middle-income countries, the study highlights the escalating medical and health insurance costs, driven by age, income source, modern healthcare, and geographical residence. The research draws on an extensive literature review, demographic analysis, and quantitative methods to examine these determinants. It critically analyzes Malaysia’s healthcare system, which operates on a dual-tier model, and the financial burden placed on senior citizens. The findings indicate that age, source of income, and geographical residence significantly influence medical expenses, whereas modern healthcare’s impact is not statistically significant. The study calls for government intervention, insurance industry adjustments, and private sector support to mitigate the financial strain on senior citizens. Recommendations include tax relief adjustments, National Health Insurance Scheme implementation, and employment sustainability for seniors. This research provides some recommendations to policymaking, the insurance industry, and academia by providing insights into managing the healthcare needs of an aging population sustainably.

Medium and long-term energy demand forecasts by sectors in China under the goal of “carbon peaking & carbon neutrality”: Based on the LEAP-China model

Energy is a critical material foundation for sustainable economic and social development and national security, and it is of great significance to explore China's medium and long-term energy demand to realize the “dual-carbon” goal. Based on the current state of economic and social development and energy consumption, the LEAP-CHINA model is constructed to create baseline scenario, structural adjustment scenario, technology abatement scenario, and comprehensive scenario to forecast China's total energy demand, end-use industry subsectors, end-use energy subvarieties, processing and conversion sectors from 2022 to 2060. The results show: (1) China's total energy demand showed a “rapid increase before 2039, a slow increase between 2039 and 2049, and a gentle decrease after peaking in 2049". (2) The contribution rate of energy conservation and emission reduction was comprehensive scenario > technology abatement scenario > industrial adjustment scenario > baseline scenario > energy adjustment scenario. (3) Industry was the largest energy demand industry, and the rest of the industries' energy demand share was decreasing. (4) There is a definite trend towards power system decarbonization and energy system electrification, with non-fossil energy power generation anticipated to increase to 78%–82 % in 2060. Finally, it proposes countermeasures for China's energy development in the medium and long-term.

Problems and Countermeasures of Apple Agricultural Products Futures Market in China

In recent years, the improvement of quality and efficiency of national economy and agricultural modernization have directly promoted the innovative development of apple industry in China. At the end of 2017, the first Apple futures in China was born, and then the scale of Apple trading market continued to expand, and the standardization of Apple futures trading market increased year by year, which directly promoted the adjustment and upgrading of Apple industry. However, the development of Apple futures market lags behind the current situation of spot market development, and the imperfect risk management system, low internationalization level of Apple futures, imperfect laws and regulations of Apple futures market and chaos of market speculators still need to be solved urgently. In order to promote the rapid development of China's apple futures market, it is important to improve the trading system of bulk agricultural products; Strengthen the risk management mechanism; Strengthen international market cooperation and exchanges; Revise and improve the relevant laws and regulations of the Apple Futures Market and improve the level of market standardization; Take measures to limit speculation.

Design for disassembly and cultural sites. The use of modular architecture and prefabrication in exhibition venues

The article discusses the use of modular architecture and prefabrication in exhibition venues, looking at the possibility of designing installations with multiple temporalities. Through four concrete experimentations, we discuss ways of repurposing precast modules in new layouts with different functional programs in line with the “design for disassembly” concept. The article also emphasises the relevance of the massive residential construction programme based on modular and prefabricated systems launched by the German Democratic Republic in the mid-1970s, and the importance of reducing the environmental impact of concrete production today. Moreover, aiming at the need to devise new strategies, it presents a research agenda towards the adoption of prefabricated modules or the cultural sector. The four cases presented here are derived from the experimental use of modular solutions by the Porto-based practice SUMMARY: the GOMOS system indicates that prefabricated modules may have a longer lifespan than traditional building layouts, as they can be repurposed, making their reuse economically viable and environmentally friendly; the “Infrastructure-Structure-Architecture” installation at La Biennale 2016 reflects on possible adjustments in the construction industry; the project for the 2018 YAP MAXXI showcases the design process of a temporary installation that becomes a permanent building; and the VR exhibition “The Reasons Offsite” addresses prefabrication as a portable dissemination project.

Evolution of ozone-precursor sensitivity in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China under the backdrop of climate change

China is facing the dual challenges of worsening ozone (O3) pollution and climate change. Better understanding the cause of O3 pollution and its response to climate change is crucial for developing an effective O3 control strategy in the coming years. In this study, a localized three-dimensional numerical modeling system was applied to investigate the long-term evolution of ozone-precursor sensitivity (OPS) over the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) during September 2030, 2040 and 2050 under different climate scenarios, including four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP), the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), and carbon neutrality (NEU). RCP emissions were corrected both temporally and spatially by bounding with the actual emissions in 2020 to reduce the uncertainty of future emission estimation. The atmospheric oxidative capacity-based HO2/OH indicator was used to quantify the variations of OPS. The percentage of NOx-limited area over the GBA will increase by 9.8%, 14.8% and 16.9% under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 in 2050, comparing with those in 2020. NOx-limited area under NEU showed a greater increase by 23.1%, as a result of larger reduction degree of NOx than VOCs. This highlights that deep NOx emission reduction, mostly driven by the structural adjustments in industry, energy, and transportation under the “2060 carbon neutrality” strategy, will accelerate OPS transition into NOx-limited and ensure the gradual improvement of O3 pollution. NOx emission control in some urban areas still in the VOCs-limited OPS in 2050 under NEU, e.g., Guangzhou and Hong Kong, need to be strengthened to speed up O3 mitigation. The findings of this study would improve our understanding on the long-term trends of OPS in the GBA under the backdrop of climate change, and provide guidance for the synergistic reduction of greenhouse gases and air pollutants in the future.

A Water Resource Consumption Control Method for Energy Development Bases Based on IoT Technology and Energy–Water Correlation Law

Abstract To achieve the rational development and utilization of water resources in energy development bases and sustainable economic and social development, research is conducted on the control method of water resource consumption in energy development bases based on the law of energy–water correlation. Using Internet of Things technology to collect water resource consumption data from energy development bases, based on the results of data collection, taking Shanxi Coal Development Base as the research area, based on the objective relationship between energy and water, a multiregion input–output model and linear programming model are established, with objective functions and constraints set to achieve water resource consumption control in energy development bases. Under the dual constraint scenario of energy con-servation and water conservation, the optimization effect of the industrial structure of the water resource carrying capacity level in the research area is explored. The outcomes show that the water resource in the research area can bear 1,949.58 billion Yuan for 22.0336 million people. The water resources holding capacity is at the general level. Based on the limitations of energy consumption, raising the share of the mining sector and decreasing the share of the industrial and commercial service sectors can minimize the overall consumption of energy and water resources while ensuring the growth of the local economy. Reducing the extent of agricultural expansion supports both water conservation and regional economic growth because water resource consumption is constrained. A clear difference in the production and utilization effect of energy resource per unit will result from the direction difference in structural adjustment of the mining industry, which is based on the dual restrictions of energy–water resource.

Project Risk Analysis and Early Warning of Culture and Tourism Group Financial Leasing Company

Under the background of strict regulation, due to the cyclical adjustment of the financial leasing industry, some top companies have maintained a growth trend in asset size and net profit. Internal differentiation has emerged in the financial leasing industry, increasing operational pressure, and a slowing trend in asset size growth. Although the overall pressure on credit quality has eased, downward pressure on asset quality is widespread, and the recovery period for narrowing profit space is still long. With the continuous upgrading and iteration of digitization, intelligence, and specialization, Culture and Tourism Group Financial Leasing Company should strengthen its professional ethics, improve its risk analysis and prediction capabilities, design integrated business guidelines for due diligence information collection and risk analysis, rely on big data to build a leasing asset identification, evaluation, monitoring, and early warning system, and establish a comprehensive, multi angle, and lean risk analysis and early warning mechanism. Through case analysis, problems are identified in a timely manner, and continuous reflection and improvement are made. Business process diagrams are drawn according to different scenarios, crisis warning indicators are set up, and a lean risk management team is formed. Crisis warning signals are continuously tracked and released, and processes and asset quality management are continuously improved. A lean risk control system is established to reduce risk losses and create benefits for the enterprise.

Unveiling the changes of carbon emissions along supply chains: Drivers and sustainable mitigation strategies

China's annual carbon emissions decreased year by year during 2013–2016 and increased after 2016. Such fluctuation prompts important questions about the factors that drove the decrease and increase, and the desired pathway(s) to sustain a continuous reduction. With the consideration of supply-demand relationships, we quantitatively evaluate the socioeconomic drivers of carbon emission changes along supply chains. Here we find that from a supply perspective, industrial adjustment has negative impacts on the emission reduction of service-driven paths. For paths involving the electricity-generation sector, the adjustment of primary input structure has positive effects on path-level emission reduction (since 2007). The construction sector can adjust its consumption structure to help accelerate the system's low-carbon transition. For the supply- and demand-oriented paths, the mitigation effects of emission intensity will weaken if more sectors are involved in production activities. Further emission reductions may rely on both reducing emission intensity and minimizing the utilization of deep-processed products.Synopsis: An extensive path-and layer-related decomposition analysis may have significant implications for fast-growing economies in pursuing carbon neutrality.

Analysing the Impact of Low-Carbon Economy on International Trade of China

Developing a low-carbon economy plays an important role in China. This energy structure that relies too much on coal resources has become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of Chinas economy and society. Therefore, developing a low-carbon economy can effectively avoid the drawbacks of Chinas reliance on high carbon energy. However, there are many adverse effects and difficulties in exploring low-carbon energy. This paper analyzes the multi-dimensional impact of over-reliance on high-carbon energy on the structural adjustment of the energy industry, less developed areas and the transportation industry. Government should realize the requirements of low-carbon technology funds and it needs to deal with the sufferings. The overall impact of low carbon on international economy and trade make issues more prominent. To deal with these problems, the measures suggested in this article are to reduce dependence on multiple levels, improve technical level and capabilities, strengthen international cooperation and exchanges, jointly formulate policies to make carbon emissions more standardized, and optimize research and development costs to reduce unnecessary expenses and government financial support.

Evaluation on evolution of spatial relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is not only an important economic center in China, but also one of the major regions contributing to China's carbon emissions. Revealing the spatial distribution between carbon emissions and economic growth is essential for the formulation of low-carbon development policies. Following the principle from macro to micro, this paper investigates the spatial evolution trend and distribution characteristics between carbon emissions and economic growth in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2005 to 2020 by applying imbalance index model, the rank-scale rule, and decoupling index model. The results show that the imbalance index of carbon emissions decreased between 0.0601 and 0.0533 in a fluctuating way, indicating that the imbalance of spatial distribution of carbon emissions decreases. The imbalance index of economic growth increased between 0.0738 and 0.0851, indicating that economic growth has become more disequilibrated, and the spatial evolution of carbon emissions is not coordinated with economic growth. The Zipf dimension of carbon emissions declined from 1.1806 in 2005 to 0.9594 in 2020, and carbon emissions declined in big cities and increased in cities of the middle order. The Zipf dimension of economic growth increased from 1.1384 in 2005 to 1.2388 in 2020, and the economic growth monopoly in big cities increased. The decoupling coefficient of carbon emissions to economic growth declined, and the driving effect of economic growth on carbon emissions diminished. It is recommended that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region should coordinate the allocation of factors and coordinate industrial adjustment. Hebei should accelerate industrial upgrading and establish a diversified industrial system.

Study on the predicament and sustainable development of the alumina smelting industry in China

On the basis of a comprehensive review of the production and technology status of China's alumina industry, the main contradictions and challenges in the development of China's alumina industry in terms of resources, energy and environmental governance are analyzed, and the production cost is compared and analyzed worldwide. It is believed that the main factors restricting the sustainable development of alumina industry in China are the lack of sufficient high-quality bauxite resources in China, the production technology needs to be further optimized, and the generated solid and hazardous waste is difficult to realize harmless and resource utilization. In this regard, this paper puts forward the strategy for the sustainable development of China's alumina industry, that is, strictly control the disorderly and rapid expansion of production capacity and reasonable layout, optimize the resource and energy supply structure, implement the industrial development strategy of high quality, energy saving and low consumption to improve the core competitiveness, and accelerate the realization of the standard discharge and resource utilization of waste gas, wastewater and solid waste. The results of this paper are of great significance to the strategy of industrial structure adjustment and sustainable development of alumina industry in China.

Applicability of control systems for predicting adjustments of body shop fixtures

In automotive body-in-white production, geometry determining clamping technology is used. In order to counter deviations from the target geometries, fixtures are adjusted manually in an experience-based process that comprises iterative loops. Lately, AI based approaches have led to the question if they may reduce the time and material requirements of this process. This work provides an overview of literature that employs control methods for predicting adjustments of body shop fixtures. Applicability into automotive series production is evaluated and open requirements defined. Results show that there are multiple strategies that may help improve fixture adjustments in automotive industry.

The Coupling Effect of Traditional Culture and Rural Tourism Industry Development--The Case of Shandong Province Domain

Abstract While the rural tourism industry is developing and expanding rapidly, the structural adjustment and optimization of the traditional culture industry has also gradually attracted academic attention. This paper explores the deep integration of two industries based on the coupling mechanism of conventional culture and the development of rural tourism industries. Then, it constructs the index system of the development level of the traditional culture industry and rural tourism industry in Shandong, utilizes the entropy value method to calculate the weights of the indexes of the development level of the two industries, and adopts the linear weighting method to calculate the comprehensive evaluation value. Among them, “the development scale of the traditional culture industry (0.444)” and “the scale of the rural tourism industry (0.2918)” have the largest weight value. The comprehensive evaluation value of the development level of traditional culture and rural tourism industry of Shandong Province in 10 years rises respectively by Finally, by constructing the coupling degree model of conventional culture and rural tourism industry and the coupling coordination degree model, the stage-specific coupling evaluation of traditional culture and rural tourism industry is measured as 0.85<C≤1, which indicates that the development level of conventional culture and rural tourism industry of Shandong Province is in the stage of high coupling. The study provides a decision-making reference for promoting the high-quality development of traditional culture and rural tourism industries, which has important theoretical and practical significance.

How can China’s coal cities achieve high-quality development?—An empirical study based on the “resource curse” hypothesis

The relationship between the utilization of natural resources and high-quality economic growth has always been a concern of the academic community. China’s coal cities to varying degrees suffer from population outflow, economic stagnation or even negative growth, precipitous drop in housing prices, serious environmental damage, and other problems. There is a negative correlation from the perspective of location between the enrichment of coal resources and economic development in China, confirming the existence of coal “resource curse” in China’s interprovincial scope. Through establishing quantitative models. This article analyzes the transmission mechanism of the nonlinear impact of coal industry development on regional total factor productivity (TFP) from the 2 paths of industrial structure evolution and factor allocation efficiency. The sample panel data of 44 coal cities in China from 2003 to 2017 are examined to empirically test the impact of coal industry development in China’s coal cities on TFP and its transmission mechanism. In the coal industry development, the service industry is being squeezed out to some degree, while the manufacturing industry is suffered from “double deindustrialization” and severe shrinkage. Such an industrial structure transformation is one of the transmission paths of “resource curse.” The development of human capital (HC) and finance has a threshold effect on the impact of the coal industry development on the TFP of coal cities. The excessive growth of coal industry has a restraining effect on the development level of HC and finance that influences the efficiency of resource allocation, resulting in failure of such industries to promote the TFP. With the improvement of HC and finance sectors in coal cities, the development of coal industry has promoted the TFP. Therefore, this article holds that the government should aim at improving the efficiency of factor allocation, formulate scientific and reasonable industrial adjustment policies, upgrade industrial structure, and actively develop manufacturing and producer services. Meanwhile, in the process of coal city development, it should pay attention to improving HC input, actively develop green finance industry to promote the development of capital market, and promote the green transformation of coal industry. Actively develop new sources of energy. The sustainable development of coal cities should be guided according to different life cycle stages in order to achieve healthy and sustainable development and break the “resource curse.”

Dynamics of speed of leverage adjustment and financial distress in the Indian steel industry

Business managers strive to attain the optimal capital structure (OCS), which allows them to raise capital at a minimal cost, thereby maximising their returns. Balancing risk and reward is crucial in determining the target capital structure. Therefore, understanding the optimal leverage ratio and the Speed at which leverage adjustments are made is vital to managers. This study examines the optimal leverage ratio, the speed of adjustment, and the factors contributing to achieving the target capital structure for select 208 steel firms, particularly in an emerging economy like the Indian steel industry. A partial adjustment model is utilised, employing the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) technique. Additionally, the Altman Z-score is employed to evaluate the financial distress of these steel firms. Very few studies have specifically focused on determining the Speed of adjustment (SOA) using GMM of emerging economies like the Indian steel industry. The findings indicate that steel firms take approximately 2.13 years to reach their target leverage, supporting the existence of the dynamic trade-off theory. The results also highlight the relationship of selected variables (Profitability, Growth, Size, Tangibility, NDTS, Liquidity, and Financial Distress) with the Speed of leverage adjustment and the weak financial position of these businesses.

Spatial distribution and influencing factors of China's household biogas: evidence from provincial-level data.

To address the adjustment of the Chinese agricultural industry and to better promote the development of Chinese household biogas, this article summarizes and analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of the type and number of biogas digesters, biogas production, biogas fermentation materials, and methods of fermentation residue utilization and ecological agriculture with household biogas by compiling a dataset covering 31 provincial administrative regions in China. The results show that hydraulic biogas digesters are distributed mainly in northwestern and northeastern China; in addition, continuously stirred biogas digesters and bottom-discharging biogas digesters are distributed mainly in southern and northern China, respectively. Because of temperature and population, the Sichuan and Henan Provinces have the highest number of biogas digesters and biogas production. The type of biogas fermentation materials depends on the local raw materials. Biogas slurry and residue are widely used as fertilizers; furthermore, biogas slurry is used for seed soaking in northeastern and southern China, and biogas residue is used as feed in central southern and northern China. The "Three-in-one" and "Four-in-one" biogas ecological models are used mostly in southern and northern China, respectively, and both are mainly affected by temperature. Finally, we propose various problems and countermeasures to enhance the development of the household biogas industry in China. Our findings are critical for China's policymakers to adopt effective measures for promoting the development of cleaner energy and the layout of the agricultural industry.

Mega FTA 확산에 따른 한국 통상정책의 패러다임 전환 모색에 관한 연구

This article aims at exploring the search for the paradigm shift of trade policy of Korea to cope with the proliferation of Mega FTAs. It scrutinizes the recent changes of trade norms caused by the global economic reshuffling in the amidst of globalization and regionalization after recapitulating previous studies on the effect of Mega FTA such as the CPTPP and the RCEP. It also strongly recommends to augment the corporate strategy to the framework of trade policy by reflecting the increased role of multi-national enterprises on the ongoing mega-trend of globalization as well as regionalization. It puts forward the critically important role of industrial adjustment policy which encompasses corporate strategy boosted by the enhancement of product differentiation and architectural capability. The welfare gains of such an industrial adjustment policy of Korea, which is designed for sterilizing the negative effects of the proliferation of mega FTA and the fortification of trade laws of powerful nations, may eclipse those of trade policy in the long run.

A hybrid coal prediction model based on grey Markov optimized by GWO – A case study of Hebei province in China

Accurate prediction of coal consumption is crucial to the structural adjustment and high-quality development of the coal industry, and provides an effective basis for the government to formulate energy strategies. To enhance the prediction accuracy, a hybrid prediction model combining grey wolf optimization algorithm and grey Markov model (GWO_Markov_DNGM) is proposed in this study, which introduces the idea of Markov interval division in order to make up the defect of obtaining interval by experience in the past. In this research, coal consumption in Hebei Province from 2001 to 2020 is used as an example to verify the accuracy of the model and the results show that the proposed model has higher accuracy than the comparison models, including ARIMA, GM (1, 1), DGM (1, 1), DNGM (1, 1) and the grey Markov model with equidistant division of state interval. In addition, this study also discusses the influence of numbers of state intervals on the prediction accuracy of the proposed model, which further illustrates the high prediction accuracy of the proposed hybrid model. Finally, the proposed model is employed to predict the coal consumption of Hebei Province under three scenarios from 2021 to 2025, and several suggestions are put forward.

Recent progress and emerging strategies for carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China

AbstractAs the global climate crisis intensifies, ecosystems, human society and economic activities are significantly affected. Countries around the world have successively put forward the goal of carbon neutrality or zero carbon. At the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, the Chinese government explicitly proposed making efforts to reach the goal of Carbon Peak (peak of carbon emissions before 2030) and Carbon Neutrality (Dual Carbon) (carbon neutrality before 2060). In October 2021, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the “Opinions on Fully, Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Concepts to Achieve Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality” and the Action Plan for Achieving Carbon Peak before 2030, specifying the targets and tasks related to achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China. As the world's largest developing country, the world's largest manufacturer, and a country with the most complete industrial categories, China will face multiple challenges such as climate change, economic transition, and environmental protection, which requires systematic support from policy, economy, technology, and society. How to achieve the goal will be a great challenge to China's sustainable development. The academic community has conducted extensive exploration on the realization of China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality in many fields, such as energy transformation, industrial structure upgrading, transportation carbon reduction, urban planning and construction, carbon sink enhancement, low‐carbon technologies, green finance, and supporting policies. Among them, policy planning and technological innovation are the most important to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Second, industrial adjustment and enterprise implementation are also important. Therefore, this review will focus on the development status and prospects of policy support, technological innovation, industrial adjustment, and enterprise implementation for achieving dual carbon goals in China. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.