Inductively-coupled Plasma Atomic Spectroscopy Research Articles

Occurrence of rare earth element and yttrium (REY) in Tanjung formation coking coal from Sekako area, Central Kalimantan

Inorganic geochemistry of coal become a point of interest on coal study, especially relating with the occurrence of rare earth element. Tanjung Formation is one of coking coal bearing deposits in Barito Basin, Central Kalimantan. The aims of this study to determine the occurrence of Rare Earth Element and Yttrium (REY) especially in term of concentration and enrichment type in coal seam A and B of Tanjung Formation in Sekako Area, Central Kalimantan. A number of 10 coal samples were collected from both seams. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis was conducted to determine the REY in coal. Based on this study, coal seam A and B generally have very low concentration of REY elements deposits. The REY elements of coal seam A and B in the study area are typically characterized with M and H-type enrichment, which might be caused by the mafic basalt rocks in the surroundings.

Synthesis and Characterization of Mg doped LaCoO3 Nano-Catalyst for Soot oxidation in Diesel Engines

A series of Mg doped LaCoO3 perovskite nano catalysts were synthesized using sol gel method. The prepared nano catalysts were characterized using the various characterization techniques such as X-Ray, Powder Diffraction, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett Teller. The XRD results showed the purity of the prepared catalyst as no segregated phases were observed and also confirming the crystallinity of the prepared catalyst. The catalytic evaluation shows that upon introduction of Mg into the perovskite structure, the catalytic performances of the catalyst were greatly increased with La0.8Mg0.2CoO3 giving the lowest T50 at 480 °C.

Vapor-Phase Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to 1,2-Propanediol over Cu/Al2O3 Catalyst at Ambient Hydrogen Pressure

In this paper, we report that the hydrogenolysis of glycerol can be carried out at atmospheric pressure and low temperature with high selectivity to 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) over reduced copper catalyst. The vapor-phase reaction was carried out over the copper-based catalysts supported on alumina at ambient pressure, and the effects of temperature, space time, and H2 molar fraction in the feed were analyzed. The textural and structural characteristics of the catalysts with increasing copper loading were determined by N2 sorptometry (BET), inductively coupled plasma-atomic spectroscopy (ICP-AES), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and N2O chemisorption (metallic area). On the basis of both characterization and activity results, it was possible to conclude that the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol in vapor phase at atmospheric pressure over copper-based catalysts is a structure sensitive reaction. Activity results suggests that the most probable pathway fo...

The effect of iron loading and hydrothermal aging on one-pot synthesized Fe/SAPO-34 for ammonia SCR

The current commercially-available technique for NOx reduction for diesel engines is the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 over Cu zeolites. One of the problems of this technique is their limited ability to convert NOx at diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration temperatures. In addition, during regeneration of the DPF there is a risk of thermally deactivating the SCR catalyst. Thus, the aim of the current work was the development of a catalytic system that can reduce NOx both at low as well as high temperature and in addition is stable at high temperature. In order to reach this goal, a Fe/SAPO-34 with chabazite (CHA) structure was combined in a system with a commercial Cu/CHA catalyst. Earlier studies have shown that it is difficult to ion-exchange Fe into CHA structures due to steric hindrance, and we have therefore used a novel synthesis procedure which incorporated iron directly into the zeolite structure. Fe/SAPO-34 with three different Fe-loadings (0.27; 0.47 and 1.03wt.% Fe) were synthesized and the catalysts were characterized using inductively coupled plasma atomic spectroscopy (ICP-AES), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, BET area measurements and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chemical composition, porous and crystalline structure of the parent SAPO-34 sample were found to be only slightly affected by addition of small amounts of Fe in the framework zeolite structure. However, more visible changes in the crystallinity were observed in the Fe/SAPO-34 catalysts with higher Fe content, which were attributed to the unit cell size expansion provoked by integration of higher amounts of Fe into the zeolite SAPO-34 framework. The Fe/SAPO-34 with the lowest Fe-loading (0.27wt.%) was found to be the best catalyst when considering activity as well as high temperature stability. The synthesized Fe/SAPO-34 catalyst demonstrated a significantly improved NOx reduction performance at high temperatures (600–750°C) when compared to a commercial Cu/CHA SCR system, and the combined system (Fe/SAPO-34+Cu/CHA) exhibited a very good performance in a large temperature interval (200–800°C) that encompasses most diesel exhaust gas conditions.

Copper Content of Surface Waters in Mures County, Romania

Abstract The paper presents a comparative study regarding the presence of copper in drinkable waters in various localities in Mures County. In certain places (Târnaveni, Tirgu Mures) there are persistent pollution sources that can affect the quality of water, this is why the study is welcome for the interpretation of the evolution of the presence of heavy metals (in this case, copper). Through this paper we wish to emphasize the necessity for regular monitoring of drinkable water in areas that are more or less polluted. Samples were taken from wells and taps in more localities in Mures county in the past two years: 2013 and 2014. The method used was inductively coupled plasma atomic spectroscopy (ICPOES). Sampling was made in accordance with ISO5667-1 and the method is ISO 11885: 2009 SREN. The six analyzed samples did not present evidence of excess of CMA (0,1 mg / l). The highest copper content value was recorded in sample 2 (15.391 mg / l, in 2013, 15 851 mg / l in 2014 respectively).

From Implement to Outcrop: a model for identifying implement source rock at outcrop

Traditionally, the sourcing of prehistoric stone tools in Britain has been done most successfully by comparing the petrological and geochemical characteristics of individual stone tools with rock and debitage from known prehistoric quarry sites and stone tool production sites. However, this is a very rare occurrence because only a very small proportion of stone tools in Britain have a secure archaeological provenance, including those from prehistoric quarries or production sites. Substantial numbers of stone tools in the British archaeological record are chance finds; they lack a secure archaeological context. Through a case study of Carrock Fell and the Implement Petrology Group XXXIV, this article presents a new methodological and statistical model for assembling, analysing and interpreting fieldwork evidence, which combines petrological, geochemical portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) data, and geochemical inductively coupled plasma-atomic spectroscopy (ICP) data to establish a signature for 17 gabbroic prehistoric stone implements (Table 1). These results are then compared with similar data gathered from rocks at outcrop. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, seven gabbroic implements could be securely provenanced to rock from particular outcrop locations. The model is transferable to other similar contexts where sources of implement rock are sought from apparently random distributions of stone tools.

Clinical phase-I study of NA 2B 12H 11SH (BSH) in patients with malignant glioma as precondition for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)

Purpose : Within the European collaboration on boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), a clinical Phase I study is being carried out to establish BNCT as an alternative treatment modality for malignant glioma (WHO III/IV). Data about the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of the boron compound Na 2B 12H 11SH (BSH) are of great importance to avoid radiation damage of healthy tissue and to deliver a sufficient radiation dose. Methods and Materials : Twenty four patients suffering from a glioblastoma multiforme entered the study to date, infused with a maximum concentration of up to 50 mg BSH/kg. Boron concentration measurements in tissues, urine, and blood were carried out, using inductively coupled plasma-atomic spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and quantitative neutron capture radiography (QNCR). A cross-calibration of these boron determination techniques was carried out. Results : In tumor tissue, confirmed by histopathology of small biopsies, we found a consistently high but heterogeneous boron uptake. Necrotic parts contain much lower amounts of boron; normal brain tissue has shown no significant uptake. In skin, bone, muscle, and dura mater only small amounts of boron were found. In blood samples, we found biphasic kinetics, but with variations of the half-lives from patient to patient. The compound is mainly excreted through the urine, but an additional entero-hepatic pathway can be demonstrated. Systematic investigations revealed no toxic side effect of the intravenously administered BSH. Comparable data were obtained by using ICP-AES and QNCR for boron concentration measurements. Conclusion : Taking into account the radiobiological considerations of the neutron beam source, we found promising facts that BNCT could be a useful irradiation method for highly malignant brain tumors. Favorable amounts of the boron compound BSH were found in tumor tissue, whereas healthy brain tissue has shown no significant uptake.