Inductive Factor Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF A FREQUENCY CONVERTER FOR INDUCTION HEATING OF OIL PIPELINE

The article provides a detailed overview of the history, development and applications of frequency converters, with particular emphasis on their use in the oil and gas industry. It traces the evolution of frequency converters from their inception in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to their modern applications, which use microprocessors and digital signal processing to precisely control the output frequency. In the oil and gas industry, frequency converters are critical to efficient and accurate induction heating of pipelines. They convert a fixed frequency and voltage power supply into a variable frequency and variable voltage output, controlling the speed of the induction motors used in the heating process. The article also covers the design and modeling of frequency converters, discussing the process of characterizing them, creating mathematical models, and using modeling software tools such as MatLab. It presents equations for inductive energy, capacitor energy, resonance conditions and power factor, which are necessary in the mathematical modeling of frequency converters. The article concludes by highlighting the impact of frequency converters on the efficiency and economics of induction heating systems. It emphasizes the need for careful design and modeling to ensure optimal performance and safety.

Single-cell sequencing reveals lung cell fate evolution initiated by smoking to explore gene predictions of correlative diseases

Continuous smoking leads to adaptive regulation and physiological changes in lung tissue and cells, and is an inductive factor for many diseases, making smokers face the risk of malignant and non-malignant diseases. The impact research is getting more and more in-depth, but the stimulant effect, mechanism of action and response mechanism of the main cells in the lungs caused by smoke components have not yet been fully elucidated, and the early diagnosis and identification of various diseases induced by smoke toxins have not yet formed a systematic relationship method. In this study, single-cell transcriptome data were generated from three lung samples of smokers and non-smokers through scRNA-seq technology, revealing the influence of smoking on lung tissue and cells and the changes in immune response. The results show that: through UMAP cell clustering, 16 intermediate cell states of 23 cell clusters of the 4 main cell types in the lung are revealed, the differences of the main cell groups between smokers and non-smokers are explained, and the human lung cells are clarified. Components and their marker genes, screen for new marker genes that can be used in the evolution of intermediate state cells, and at the same time, the analysis of lung cell subgroups reveals the changes in the intermediate state of cells under smoke stimulation, forming a subtype intermediate state cell map. Pseudo-time ordering analysis, to determine the pattern of dynamic processes experienced by cells, differential expression analysis of different branch cells, to clarify the expression rules of cells at different positions, to clarify the evolution process of the intermediate state of cells, and to clarify the response of lung tissue and cells to smoke components mechanism. The development of this study provides new diagnosis and treatment ideas for early disease detection, identification, disease prevention and treatment of patients with smoking-related diseases, and lays a theoretical foundation based on cell and molecular regulation.

Sertoli Cell-Conditioned Medium Induces Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Male Germ-Like Cells in Busulfan-Induced Azoospermic Mouse Model.

Non-obstructive azoospermia is a severe form of male infertility, with limited effective treatments. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate to different cell lines; therefore, transplantation of these cells is used for treatment of several diseases. Since these cells require induction factors to differentiate into germ cells, we co-transplanted bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) with Sertoli cell-conditioned medium (SCCM) into the testis of azoospermic mice. This study was carried out in two sections, in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro study, differentiating factors (c-kit and ID4) were examined after 15days of co-culture of bone marrow cells with Sertoli cell-conditioned medium, while for in vivo study, the azoospermia model was first created by intraperitoneal administration of a single-dose busulfan (40mg/kg) followed by single-dose CdCl2 (2mg/kg) after 4weeks. Mice were divided into 4 groups including control (azoospermia), BMSC, SCCM, and BMSC + SCCM. Eight weeks after transplantation, samples were assessed for proliferation and differentiation via the expression level of MVH, ID4, SCP3, Tp1, Tp2, and Prm1 differentiation markers. The results showed that BMSC co-cultured with SCCM in vitro differentiated BMSC to germ-like cells. Similarly, in vivo studies revealed a higher level of BMSC differentiation into germ-like cells with significant higher expression of differentiation markers in transplanted groups compared to the control. This study confirmed the role of SCCM as an inductive factor for BMSC differentiation to germ cells both in vivo and in vitro conditions.

Novel perspectives on nanotechnological and biomedical implications of monotherapy or combination regimen of lactoferrin.

Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein molecule with a wide variety of physiological properties. LF has broad-spectrum antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and antitumor, and possesses immunomodulatory properties to regulate immunity and gastrointestinal function. The main aim of this review is to explore the recent investigations on the functional role of LF against several human disorders and diseases through monotherapy or combinatorial regimens with other biological/chemotherapeutic agents through novel nanoformulations. We significantly searched public databases such as Pubmed, National Library of Medicine, relemed, Scopus and collected published reports pertaining to these recent reports on lactoferrin as a monotherapy or combination therapy, and its nanoformulations. We have discussed vividly the role of LF as a growth factor with substantial potential that can promote cell growth and regeneration potential for repairing tissues such as bone, skin, mucosa, and tendons. In addition, we have discussed novel perspectives on the role of LF as an inductive factor for the proliferation of stem cells in tissue recovery and discussed its novel modulating effects in ameliorating cancer and microbial growth through several signaling cascades via monotherapy or combinatorial regimens. Furthermore, the regeneration potential of this protein is reviewed to explore the efficacy and prospects of new treatment methods. This review benefits various microbiologists, stem cell therapists, and oncologists to explore the efficacy of LF in several segments of medicine by examining its ability as a stem cell differentiation factor, and anticancer agent or antimicrobial agent through novel formulations in preclinical or clinical study.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD): A Promising Enzyme in the Area of Biopharmaceuticals in Its Native and Immobilized Form: A Review

Abstract: Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) an ubiquitous potent antioxidant enzyme primarily scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide radicals, which causes oxidative damage to a living organism’s essential proteins, lipids and its DNA. The accumulation of ROS in the body is a major inductive factor aging related diseases. It is important to maintain ROS at an appropriate level to prevent these diseases. SOD is a vital enzyme in defending against oxidative damage in vivo. The SOD enzyme promises to be a good therapeutic agent against ROS. The present review describes the therapeutic effects of SOD in some physiological and pathological conditions. Because of the defects in the direct application of SOD or SOD mimics, different mounting delivery systems (immobilization enzyme systems) have been developed for the efficient applications of SOD to realize antioxidant treatment.

Establishment of relapse risk model and multivariate logistic regression analysis on risk factors of relapse in children with primary nephrotic syndrome.

This study aimed to investigate relapse risk factors in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) for prevention and early intervention via logistic regression.One hundred thirty-seven children with PNS were enrolled in this study. Clinical variables were analyzed by single-factor and multiple regression analysis to establish the regression equation. The predictive ability of the regression equation was investigated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Files of 17 patients were lost, and 120 patients were enrolled finally in the study, among whom 55 cases (45.8%) had frequently relapsed. Single-factor analysis and multiple regression analysis revealed that concurrent infection on first onset, irregular glucocorticoid therapy, severe hypoalbuminemia, and persistent severe hyperlipidemia were the significant risk factors for frequent relapse on PNS (P < .05), among which infection remained to be the main inductive factor. Among the 4 indicators, serum albumin had the best diagnostic efficacy based on the area under the ROC curve (0.933), sensitivity (89.09%), and specificity (81.54%). The area under curve, sensitivity, and specificity for the combined diagnostic model of the 4 indices were 97.8%, 98.18%, and 90.77%, respectively, which had good predictive power for the relapse of patients.Concurrent infection, irregular glucocorticoid therapy, severe hypoalbuminemia, and persistent severe hyperlipemia were all the risk factors for PNS relapse. The established logistic regression model based on these factors above is reliable for predicting frequent PNS relapse. Much attention should be paid to these critical factors, and early intervention should be taken to reduce the incidence of relapse.

Immobilization of Superoxide Dismutase in Mesoporous Silica and its Applications in Strengthening the Lifespan and Healthspan of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Senescence is a major inductive factor of aging-related diseases in connection with an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, it is important to maintain ROS at an appropriate level to keep homeostasis in organisms. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a vital enzyme in defending against oxidative damage in vivo. Because of the defects in the direct application of SOD and SOD mimics, mounting delivery systems have been developed for the efficient applications of SOD to realize antioxidant treatment. Among these systems, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been widely studied because of various advantages such as desirable stability, low toxicity, and adjustable particle sizes. Herein, SOD was immobilized on MSNs using a physical absorption strategy to construct the nanosystem SOD@MSN. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was selected as the model organism for the subsequent antioxidant and anti-aging studies. The research results suggested the nanosystem could not only be effectively internalized by C. elegans but could also protect the nematode against external stress, thus extending the lifespan and healthspan of C. elegans. Therefore, SOD@MSN could be applied as a promising medicine in anti-aging therapeutics.

A pregnant woman died of sudden cardiac death: Should esophageal foreign body be considered an inductive factor? A case report and literature review

A pregnant woman died of sudden cardiac death: Should esophageal foreign body be considered an inductive factor? A case report and literature review

Molecular structure modification of ovalbumin through controlled glycosylation with dextran for its emulsibility improvement

Ovalbumin (OVA) is a high nutritious protein, but the poor emulsibility limited its application. The present study glycosylated OVA with dextran (Dex) by controlled wetheating (60–90 °C for 3 h). Temperature was an inductive factor for glycosylation degree (DG and browning intensity), and higher temperature could accelerate the reaction. Variations in molecular structure of OVA were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, FTIR, fluorescence spectroscopy and UV spectroscopy, which verified successes in the generation of glycoconjugate with more flexible structure. Emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsion stability index (ESI) for the emulsion of OVA-Dex glycoconjugates were significantly enhanced with the increasing of glycosylation temperature. Moreover, confocal laser scanning results revealed that the emulsion exhibited smaller size and more uniform distribution, and slower transmission profiles were checked by LUMiSizer centrifugal analysis as well, confirming the emulsibility improvement of OVA. Thus, controlled glycosylation reaction is an available method to improve the emulsifying properties of OVA.

K-Carrageenan Stimulates Pre-Osteoblast Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation: A Potential Factor for the Promotion of Bone Regeneration?

Current cell-based bone tissue regeneration strategies cannot cover large bone defects. K-carrageenan is a highly hydrophilic and biocompatible seaweed-derived sulfated polysaccharide, that has been proposed as a promising candidate for tissue engineering applications. Whether κ-carrageenan can be used to enhance bone regeneration is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether κ-carrageenan has osteogenic potential by testing its effect on pre-osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Treatment with κ-carrageenan (0.5 and 2 mg/mL) increased both MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast adhesion and spreading at 1 h. K-carrageenan (0.125–2 mg/mL) dose-dependently increased pre-osteoblast proliferation and metabolic activity, with a maximum effect at 2 mg/mL at day three. K-carrageenan (0.5 and 2 mg/mL) increased osteogenic differentiation, as shown by enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (1.8-fold increase at 2 mg/mL) at day four, and matrix mineralization (6.2-fold increase at 2 mg/mL) at day 21. K-carrageenan enhanced osteogenic gene expression (Opn, Dmp1, and Mepe) at day 14 and 21. In conclusion, κ-carrageenan promoted MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast adhesion and spreading, metabolic activity, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that κ-carrageenan is a potential osteogenic inductive factor for clinical application to enhance bone regeneration.

Simulation And Development Of Electronic Ballast for High Pressure Discharge Lamps

The advantages and disadvantages of using electromagnetic ballasts for power supply of high pressuredischarge lamps (HPDL) are considered. The advantages of using electronic ballasts for supplying HPDL are shown. The analysis is fulfilled of the operation of the HPDL when powered by a high-frequency current, in particular, high-pressure sodium lamps (HPSL). It is indicated that when high-pressure discharge lamps are supplied with a high-frequency current, acoustic resonance may appear. The basic requirements to be met by electronic ballasts for HPSL have been determined. The topology of construction of electronic ballasts for supplying HPDL with a capacity of up to 1 kW has been selected. It has been established that half-bridge converters with inductive ballast and active power factor corrector (PFC) allow maintaining a stable power on the lamp while changing its parameters and efficiency. Mathematical modelling of the electronic ballast based on a half-bridge converter and an ignition device for the sodium discharge lamps DNaT type has been carried out. According to the proposed topology, the electronic ballast was developed for a DNaT 600 lamp powered from the 380 V network. Test operation of the lamps confirmed the reliability of the proposed electronic ballast topology.

Design of Ultra-Low Power High-Q Single Ended Active Inductors for IF BPF of Receiver Frontend Using 130 nm BiCMOS Technology

In this work, performance of conventional gyrator-C based active inductor is studied and two designs of single-ended active inductors based on modified gyrator-C topology employing SiGe HBTs are proposed using 130 nm BiCMOS technology which provides high quality factor with low-power consumption. The performance in terms of inductive bandwidth, S11, noise figure, quality factor and power consumption have been compared and the tradeoff between performance parameters are discussed. In the proposed work, first design of active inductor produces high value of inductive bandwidth (271 MHz–3.7 GHz) with moderate value of quality factor (437), whereas second design produces moderate range of inductive bandwidth (182 MHz–2.3 GHz) with high quality factor (6014). The proposed active inductors are used in second order LC band pass filter and the performance metrics of filter in terms of 1 dB compression point (− 18.88 and − 18.55), IIP3 (− 14.68 and − 9.02) and passband gain is investigated. The study suggests that proposed designs of active inductors are suitable candidate for high performance, low power RF applications with nearly 1 GHz bandwidth.

Higher Education Music Teacher Educators and Assessment: Their Understandings, Efficacy, and Satisfaction

In this study, we report what music teacher educators (MTEs, N = 149) in higher education understand about assessment. We include their assessment pedagogy, their levels of assessment pedagogy efficacy (APE) at both programmatic (unit level) and personal levels (ProAPE and PeAPE respectively), and the relationship this efficacy has with their (MTEs) satisfaction of assessment pedagogies within their institutions. This mixed-methods study uses a convergent parallel design, with qualitative inductive coding and quantitative factor analyses, correlational analyses, and non-parametric tests. We determine that MTEs report some misunderstanding of the assessment lexicon nevertheless they hold mostly high levels of both personal and programmatic assessment pedagogy efficacy. Differences were observed between MTEs that graduated after 2008 than those who graduated prior to 2008. Findings center on higher education faculty comfort with assessment in higher education with implications for professional development and continued research in the area.

Incidental pathologies on magnetic resonance imaging in delayed milestones pediatric patients

Background: Delayed in achieving milestones is a rare but still devastating effect with a vast amount of etiologies resides in it. At least 89% of patients with development delay showed additional clinical features. One of the best techniques used to investigate such patients is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI helps in the early diagnosis of children's delayed milestones that helps for parental counselling and identifies any recurrence risk in patients’ siblings. The study aims to identify the incidental pathologies on MRI in patients with developmental delay.&#x0D; Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study of MRI that includes 22 patients diagnosed with additional clinical features associated with developmental delay. All the patients enrolled in the study were recruited from Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro and Hyderabad, developing decay for six months from January 2019 to June 2019. History and clinical examination with MRI of the included study participants were made on GE 1.5 Tesla with appropriate sequence after sedation. Various anatomical structures like ventricles, corpus Collosum etc., were further examined systematically.&#x0D; Results: A total of 22 patients were enrolled in the study, including 11 male and 11 female. MRI findings suggest that most of the presentations, i.e. 45.5% in the study, were around 2-5 years. Furthermore, mostly founded incidental pathologies were atrophic brain (13.6%), enlarged arachnoid Space (13.6%) and Sinusitis (13.6%). Besides this, Canavan Disease and sigmoid sinus thrombosis were found together. MRI scans suggest that sinusitis usually involved mastoid antrum most often and, in some cases, it is found together with a subdural hematoma and mucosal enlargement.&#x0D; Conclusion: In conclusion, MRI findings in delayed milestones patient's show atrophic brain (13.6%), enlarged arachnoid spaces (13.6%) and sinusitis (13.6%). All these are not uncommon pathologies that can be the inductive factor for the pathogenesis of delayed milestone brains. This suggests that further cross-sectional studies are required to develop the findings associated with clinical features regarding incidental pathologies in developmental delay in pediatric patients.

Involving adolescents in the development of research tools for adolescent mental health in China: a qualitative research study

BackgroundThe research tools for the assessment of adolescent mental health are mostly developed for high-income settings, and are used elsewhere without linguistic or cultural modification. Youth involvement in the development of research aimed at young people is recommended by WHO, but few studies have involved young people in the design of mental health tools. In this study we aimed to develop a self-completion questionnaire to assess adolescent mental health based on perceptions of Chinese adolescents. MethodsWe did a literature search to initially identify 11 scales suitable for assessing adolescent mental health and influencing factors and help-seeking behaviour. Students from rural and urban areas, and from public and private schools in Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan, and Jiangsu provinces, China, were invited to work with researchers to develop a questionnaire. Inclusion criteria were students aged 13–20 years who were willing to be involved in the study. Students initially independently completed the draft questionnaire, and provided detailed feedback in one-to-one interviews with researchers and in focus group sessions. Researchers recorded student inputs. Analysis involved inductive summarisation and factor extraction. Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of Zhejiang University. We obtained verbal consent from the volunteers and from the parents of those younger than 18 years. FindingsFrom Feb 9, 2019, to May 16, 2019, 46 student volunteers (30 male and 16 female; mean age 16 years, SD 13–20) were recruited into our study. We finalised a self-completion questionnaire with 99 items including three psychological scales. With youth involvement, we found that standard Chinese translations of widely-used scales were not understandable. Students felt that some items would not be answered honestly, and so they were changed or removed. The students were very eager to include sensitive topics, such as suicide and self-harm, and some suggested more attention should be paid to this. At their request, questions about academic pressure were expanded, with questions on social media added, including specific questions on posting modified pictures and sharing of personal problems online. InterpretationAdolescent participation in questionnaire design improves the structure and content of tools assessing mental health, making such research tools more acceptable and understandable. FundingGlobal Health Centre of Zhejiang University.

Consistent and Efficient Modeling of the Nonlinear Properties of Ferroelectric Materials in Ceramic Capacitors for Frugal Electronic Implants

In recent years, the development of implantable electronics has been driven by the motivation to expand their field of application. The main intention is to implement advanced functionalities while increasing the degree of miniaturization and maintaining reliability. The intrinsic nonlinear properties of the electronic components, to be used anyway, could be utilized to resolve this issue. To master the implementation of functionalities in implantable electronics using the nonlinear properties of its electronic components, simulation models are of utmost importance. In this paper, we present a simulation model that is optimized in terms of consistency, computing time and memory consumption. Three circuit topologies of nonlinear capacitors, including hysteresis losses, are investigated. An inductively coupled measurement setup was realized to validate the calculations. The best results were obtained using the Trapezoid method in ANSYS with a constant step size and a resolution of 500 k points and using the Adams method in Mathcad with a resolution of 50 k points. An inductive coupling factor between 7% and 10% leads to a significant improvement in consistency compared to lower coupling factors. Finally, our results indicate that the nonlinear properties of the voltage rectifier capacitor can be neglected since these do not significantly affect the simulation results.

Production of Reactive Oxygen Species, Unbalanced by Endogenous Antioxidant Capture Mechanisms Monitored in Surgically Treated Breast Cancer

Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production of oxygen reactive species (ROS) and their endogenous capacity of capturing them. Oxidative stress activates multiple effects generated by the non-specific growth of the ROS and by the decrease of antioxidant concentrations and neutralization mechanisms. The most accurate understanding of the mechanisms underlying oxidative stress and the deepening of its implications in different cancers has become very important in recent decades. Cancer cells are usually subjected to high levels of ROS, which continually activates the malignant phenotype by stimulating cell proliferation � by increasing the mitotic rate, angiogenesis, invasiveness and metastasis rates. The role of the ROS in the etiology and progression of breast cancer is in continuous processing. However, less attention has been paid to the development of redox-targeted breast cancer therapy strategies. Excess ROS production is detrimental for the survival and proliferation of neoplastic cells, through the oxidative-destructive mechanisms of biomolecules essential for life. This study departs from the hypothesis that the tumor is an inductive factor of oxidative stress, and an antioxidant treatment prior to surgery may influence the response to surgical treatment in breast cancer patients. This response is highlighted by determining certain essential compounds of the redox balance, after initiating the antioxidant therapy. Moreover, we have tried to assess the possible biochemical changes given by age, tumor size and asymmetry/laterality of the neoplasm in the investigated patients, and to determine the prognostic or predictive factors of these changes.

Expression of Nerve Injury-Induced Protein1 (Ninj1) in Endometriosis

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to clarify the expression of Ninj1 in endometriosis and adenomyosis lesions, and its inductive factor in human endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs).BackgroundNerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninj1) is a molecule originally identified in dorsal root ganglion neurons and Schwann cells after nerve injury and promotes neurite outgrowth. The aim of this study was to clarify the expression of Ninj1 in endometriosis and adenomyosis lesions, and its inductive factor in human endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs).Materials and MethodsTissues were obtained with consent from patients diagnosed with ovarian endometrioma (n - 15 in total), peritoneal endometriosis (n - 5), adenomyosis (n - 5), and other gynecological disorders (n - 5, control) during surgery. Immunohistochemistry was conducted in order to detect Ninj1 protein expression in the lesion of endometriosis, adenomyosis, and eutopic endometrium. Nerve fibers in the ovarian endometrioma were detected by positive staining of PGP-9.5. To evaluate the effects of IL-1β on Ninj1 gene expression in endometriosis, ESCs isolated from ovarian endometrioma (n - 5) were treated with IL-1β (5 ng/mL) for 3 or 6 hours. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for Ninj1 was examined using quantitative RT-PCR.ResultsThe Ninj1 protein was expressed by ovarian endometrioma, peritoneal endometriotic, and adenomyotic tissue. Nerve fibers were found in the areas of positive staining for Ninj1 in ovarian endometrioma. IL-1β, an indicator of inflammation in endometriosis, significantly increased Ninj1 mRNA expression by ESC.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that Ninj1 is expressed in endometriosis and adenomyosis and is induced by the inflammatory stimuli. Given the neurogenetic property of Ninj1, our results imply that Ninj1, induced by inflammation in endometriosis lesion, may contribute to the pathogenesis of pain symptoms characteristic of endometriosis.

Minimum-Hard-Switching-Number Modulation Method for High-Frequency SiC-Based Impedance-Source Inverters

This paper discusses switching performance and power losses of silicon carbide (SiC) Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors in a high-frequency quasi-Z-source inverter operating at unity power factor. Basic types of switching processes are distinguished and precisely analyzed. Necessity for using deadtime in impedance-source converters is explained. Shoot-through states with one, two, and three phase legs are investigated and observed processes, such as an unintentional “snubber effect” of nonswitched MOSFET s, are described for the first time. As a result of this analysis, a novel modulation method with minimum number of hard-switching transitions is developed. All discussed aspects are illustrated with experimental results of a 100-kHz/6-kW quasi-Z-source inverter built with SiC elements. The newly developed method is compared with other state-of-the-art methods, and the result is that even for high voltage boost (B = 1.9) losses are reduced by 1%, and efficiency reaches 97% at nominal conditions. At inductive power factor, the developed method also outperforms the other methods.

Normas y exigencias familiares con adolescentes que presentan problemas conductuales en UDIPSAI. Septiembre 2017- Enero 2018

OBJETIVO: mostrar los resultados de normas y exigencias familiares utilizadas con adolescentes que presentan problemas conductuales en la Unidad de Diagnóstico e Investigación Psicopedagógica y de Apoyo a la Inclusión (UDIPSAI) que han sido diagnosticados con anterioridad y que no presentan sintomatología que pueda caracterizar un trastorno especifico. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se utilizó la metodología cuali- cuantitativa, la muestra es de 50 padres o representantes y 50 hijos adolescentes ya que la Escala de Normas y Exigencias está destinada tanto para padres como para hijos; dicha escala pretende evaluar los factores inductivo, rígido e indulgente de los estilos de crianza en el sistema familiar. RESULTADOS: la percepción de los jóvenes sobre normas y exigencias familiares corresponde al factor inductivo, seguido por el factor rígido y finalmente el factor indulgente. CONCLUSIONES: realizar talleres en las instituciones educativas y centros vinculados a la atención integral de familias.