Conventional inductive contactless power transfer (ICPT) systems have only one energy transmission path, which makes it challenging to meet the power transmission requirements of high-power and reliability. This study proposes a novel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ICPT system. The three-dimensional finite element analysis tool COMSOL is utilised to study various magnetic coupling structures, analyse the influence of cross-coupling between coils on the same side, design the circuit based on this, propose a parameter configuration method for resonance compensation, and, finally, build an experimental platform with small magnetic coupling structures for single-input single-output systems (SISO) and MIMO systems. The results indicate that the co-directional connection of the coils of the E-shaped and UE-shaped magnetic coupling structures has a strengthening effect on the secondary side coupling. The magnetic coupling structure of the E-shaped iron core exhibits the best transmission performance. The transmission power of the MIMO system with the E-shaped magnetic coupling structure as the core device is significantly improved. In addition, the output power is unchanged after a secondary side fault, which verifies the accuracy of the proposed method.