Inductance Simulation Circuit Research Articles

CC-CBTA-Based Floating Inductance Simulator with CM/VM PID Controllers

This work describes voltage-mode (VM), current-mode (CM) PID controllers and an electrically controllable floating inductance (FI) simulator circuit. Only a single current-controlled current backward transconductance amplifier (CC-CBTA) and a grounded capacitor are used in the proposed FI simulator circuit. One CBTA, one CC-CBTA, two capacitors and one resistor are used in the proposed PID controllers. All of the proposed circuits have appropriate input and output impedance values, allowing them to be utilized in cascade connections without requiring a buffer circuit. There is also no matching constraint between the active and passive values of the proposed circuit. The SPICE software environment and experimental results were used to validate theoretical derivations and associated outcomes. The layout of the CC-CBTA has been built, and the post-layout simulations are carried out using the netlist extracted from the layout. Comparisons were made with similar circuits found in the professional literature.

Electronically tunable compact inductance simulator with experimental verification

AbstractA novel inductance simulation circuit employing only two dual‐output voltage‐differencing buffered amplifiers (DO‐VDBAs) and a single capacitance (grounded) is proposed in this paper. The reported configuration is a purely resistor‐less realization that provides electronically controllable realized inductance through biasing quantities of DO‐VDBAs and does not rely on any constraints related to matched values of parameters. This structure exhibits excellent behavior under the influence of tracking errors in DO‐VDBAs and does not exhibit instability at high frequencies. The simple and compact metal‐oxide semiconductor (MOS) implementation of the DO‐VDBAs (eight MOS per DO‐VDBA) and adoption of grounded capacitance make the proposed circuit suitable for on‐chip realization from the perspective of chip area consumption. The function of the pure grounded inductance is validated through high pass/bandpass filtering applications. To test the proposed design, simulations were performed in the PSPICE environment. Experimental validation was also conducted using the integrated circuit CA3080 and operational amplifier LF‐356.

Single operational transresistance amplifier‐based grounded resistance‐controlled synthetic inductor configuration

AbstractIn this paper, a grounded lossy inductance (parallel RL type) simulator circuit employing an operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA), five resistors, and a virtually grounded capacitor is proposed. The value of simulated inductor can be controlled independently through a grounded resistance and/or virtually grounded capacitor without affecting the parallel equivalent resistance. Application examples using the presented lossy inductor have been provided. The performance of the application examples has been verified by sample experimental results employing an OTRA implemented using AD844‐type current feedback operational amplifiers.

Electronically-Controllable Grounded-Capacitor-Based Grounded and Floating Inductance Simulated Circuits Using VD-DIBAs

New Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier (VD-DIBA) based lossless grounded and floating inductance simulation circuits have been proposed. The proposed grounded simulated inductance circuit employs a single VD-DIBA, one floating resistance and one grounded capacitor. The floating simulated inductance (FI) circuits employ two VD-DIBAs with two passive components (one floating resistance and one grounded capacitor). The circuit for grounded inductance does not require any realization conditions where as in case of floating inductance circuits, a single matching condition is needed. Simulation results demonstrating the applications of the new simulated inductors using CMOS VD-DIBAs have been included to confirm the workability of the new circuits.

Grounded and Floating Inductance Simulation Circuits Using VDTAs

New electronically-controllable lossless grounded and floating inductance simulation circuits have been proposed employing Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTA). The proposed grounded inductance (GI) circuit employs a single VDTA and one grounded capacitor whereas the floating inductance (FI) circuit employs two VDTAs and one grounded capacitor. The workability of the new circuits has been verified using SPICE simulation with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.

OTRA-based Grounded-FDNR and Grounded-Inductance Simulators and Their Applications

New grounded frequency-dependent negative-resistance (FDNR) and grounded inductance simulation circuits, employing an operational trans-resistance amplifier (OTRA) along with two capacitors, two resistors and a voltage follower have been introduced. The application of the new simulators in the realization of a single-resistance controlled oscillator (SRCO) and a single-capacitance controlled oscillator (SCCO) has been demonstrated and the effect of parasitic capacitance and input and output resistances of the OTRA on the performance of these circuits has been evaluated. The workability of the application circuits has been confirmed by experimental results using an OTRA-implemented from commercially available AD844-type current-feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs).

New grounded simulated inductance circuit using a single PFTFN

A new single-PFTFN based lossless grounded inductance simulation circuit has been presented. The proposed circuit employs a single PFTFN along with four resistors and a single capacitor and realises a lossless grounded inductance subject to the fulfillment of only one realization condition. Some sample results of circuits realized with the new simulated inductor using existing CMOS FTFN implementation have been given to demonstrate the workability of the new circuit.

Vibration Damping Using CCII-Based Inductance Simulators

In this paper, we present an application of second- generation current-conveyor (CCII)-based active inductance simulators to mechanical vibration damping. The oscillation amplitude of a metallic beam, which is near some resonant frequencies, can be reduced by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy through a piezoelectric transducer that is bonded to the beam. An electric circuit, which is made up of the piezoelectric transducer, a resistance, and an inductance, accomplishes the task of dissipating the energy. To this end, the natural frequency of the circuit should be close to the natural frequency of interest of the mechanical system. The high value that is requested for the inductance (thousands of Henrys) can only be achieved through an inductance-simulator circuit. In the literature, the circuit implementations of the inductance simulators are typically based on operational amplifiers, such as the Antoniou circuit. In this paper, we make use of the CCIIs, which allow us to obtain both grounded and floating equivalent inductances that work within a regulated frequency range from three to four decades. The effectiveness of the traditional inductance simulators and CCII-based simulators is discussed, comparing the responses of an experimental mechanical-electrical system, with different circuit implementations, through experimental results. The use of series-resistance compensation, which is obtained through the use of a suitable topology based on the CCIIs, in the implementation of the equivalent inductance, allows one to obtain the best vibration damping, as confirmed by measurements, for all the natural mechanical frequencies of the realized system.

Electronically tunable floating inductance simulator

In this letter, a new floating inductance simulator circuit is presented. The proposed structure consists of only one grounded capacitor without any external resistors and two different active elements. The active elements are dual-output current-controlled current conveyor (DO-CCCII) and operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The proposed inductance simulator can be tuned electronically by changing the biasing current of the DO-CCCIIs or by changing the current of the OTA. Moreover, the circuit does not require any conditions of component matching. It has a good sensitivity performance with respect to tracking errors. As an application, the proposed inductance simulator is used to construct a fourth-order resistively terminated LC band-pass filter. The theoretical analysis is verified by the SPICE simulation results.

A design of MOSFET‐C impedance simulation circuits based on a GIC

AbstractThis paper proposes a systematic design method of MOSFET‐C impedance simulation circuits based on a generalized immittance converter (GIC). The design method can realize inductance simulation circuits, capacitance multipliers and frequency‐dependent negative resistances (FDNRs) only by MOSFETs, capacitors and two operational amplifiers. Although MOSFETs are used instead of passive resistors, the realized impedance simulation circuits have good linearity since the nonlinearity caused by MOSFETs are cancelled out. The proposed design method derives three inductance simulation circuits, five capacitance multipliers and two FDNRs systematically from a GIC. All of them are summarized in this paper. As an example, inductance simulation circuits are designed by using the proposed design method. The inductance simulation circuits are applied to a filter realization and validity of the design method is confirmed by HSPICE simulations. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Comment: Floating inductance simulation based on current conveyors

For the original article see ibid., vol. 33, p. 1748-49 (1997). This comment relates to the aforementioned Letter which presents a floating inductance simulation circuit. The proposed circuit uses four plus-type second-generation current-conveyors (CCII+), two floating resistors and one grounded capacitor. It is shown here that such a realisation is a special case of three already published circuits for floating inductance realisation.

High-inductance simulator for calibration purposes

A simulator of high inductance (L=10 H) based on a capacitor switching circuit is described. The dependence of the Q factor on the compensation error of the resistive component in various inductance simulation circuits is analyzed. Capacitor switching circuits are shown to have a much higher Q than resistive RC circuits.

Floating inductance simulation based on current conveyors

A basic floating inductance simulation circuit with grounded capacitance using only noninverting second-generation current conveyors as active elements is introduced. The circuit is modified by using current controlled conveyors, yielding electronically tunable inductances. Simulation results are also presented.

Two‐phase controlled switched‐capacitor inductance simulation circuits using one second‐generation current conveyor (CC II)

AbstractRecently, second‐generation current conveyors (CC II) have been used widely in various analog circuits to simplify the circuits and to develop new circuits. However, there have been few reports on the application of CC to element level switched capacitor (SC) simulation.This paper reports the development of an SC inductance simulation circuit using CC II, which is one of the complex cases of element level SC simulation. the proposed circuit uses one CC II active element and is operated by a two‐phase clock. the circuit has a smaller number of switches, capacitors, spread of capacitor values, and sum of capacitor values compared to the previously reported two‐phase controlled circuits using a single operational amplifier or a voltage follower; and the circuit configuration also is simpler. Moreover, its basic operation is confirmed by discrete components and the effect of parasitic capacitance is described.

A synthesis of switched capacitor inductance simulation circuit using voltage followers

Voltage followers are used for the switched capacitor (SC) circuit simulating the ungrounded inductance based on the bilinear s-Z transform. The operation is confirmed by experiments. In the circuit configuration, it is pointed out that the block diagram often used in the derivation of the SC inductor complicates the circuit and the control clock and a new block diagram is proposed. The circuit derived by this method is simple since the control clock has two phases and the spreading of the capacitance value is only 2. Further, the circuit is not affected by the parasitic capacitance caused by the substrate-side electrode of the integrated capacitor which typically affects the characteristics significantly. Although two voltage followers are needed for realization of one inductor, it can be considered that effectively one inductor is constructed with one voltage follower if the adjacent SC resistance and SC inductor are shared with a voltage follower. It is described that the spread of the capacitance value in the entire filter can be made smaller than other SC inductors when this SC inductor is used in the SC filter. Simplification of the circuit with this filter is investigated.

High-Q inductance circuit using an integrator and its application

In this paper we propose a high- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> inductance simulation circuit using an integrator and a voltage-current converter. This is followed by a description of an application of this circuit to realize a high- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> bandpass amplifier. The input voltage <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E_i</tex> , is integrated and the resulting output <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E_0</tex> is converted to a current <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I_i</tex> whose magnitude and phase are proportional to those of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E_0</tex> . So the phase angle of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I_0</tex> lags <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E_i</tex> by almost 90 degs. The design of the integrator circuit which provides a phase lag of 90 degs is described; analysis of the effect of element tolerances and temperature variations, frequency range over which the effective inductance has nearly constant value, and the maximum value of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> attainable by adjusting the circuit parameters are presented. It is also shown that over a frequency range of about 1 Hz-500 kHz, maximum values of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> in the range of 500-1500 may be realized stably. Finally, a frequency selective amplifier using an inductance circuit with an unloaded <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> of 830 is described to illustrate the stability of such high- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> circuits.

Low-sensitivity switched-capacitor ladder filters

A switched-capacitor filter design technique based on the LDI transformation is presented which uses a novel floating inductance simulation circuit. By choosing the filter terminations properly, the circuits are shown to preserve the maximum power transfer property. A low-pass filter design example is presented to illustrate the low-sensitivity property of this technique.

Improved circuit elements for switched-capacitor ladder filters

A new switched-capacitor floating inductance simulation circuit which does not depend on matching of passive elements is presented. A switched-capacitor source termination circuit which functions as a sample-and-hold circuit for a filter is also described.

Multipurpose simulation network with a single amplifier

A network consisting of an operational amplifier, one or two capacitors and several resistors can be connected to form several f.d.n.r. circuits or an inductance-simulation circuit.