Induced Nephrotoxicity In Rats Research Articles

Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin E on Paraquat Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat

The kidney is a very vital organ required for excretion of metabolic waste products in the body and when the kidney is damaged, this function is compromised. Paraquat is a toxicant that is known to have toxic injuries in different organs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to uncover the treatment effect of vitamin E in paraquat inflicted kidney injury. The experimental animals (male rats) were 200 and they were classified into 4 groups designated as A, B, C and D. The A served as the control group, B, C and D were test groups classified based on dose of paraquat administered. A was not treated with paraquat, B, C and D were treated with 0.02g, 0.04g and 0.06g of paraquat respectively every two weeks for three months. Each group mentioned had subgroups designated “0” and “VE”; “0” subgroups were subgroups not treated with vitamin E while “VE” were subgroups treated with 500mg of vitamin E. Treatment of vitamin E occurred weekly for one month. Both vitamin E and paraquat treatments occurred orally. After treatment period rats were sacrificed and blood sample collected via cardiac puncture for urea and creatinine assay. The results showed that there was no significant difference in urea levels among paraquat alone treated groups but there was a significant increase in creatinine levels among paraquat alone treated groups. There was a significant decrease in creatinine level after vitamin E treatment. This study has shown that vitamin E is a therapeutic hope for paraquat inflicted nephrotoxicity in rats.

Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin E and C on Paraquat Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat

The kidney is an exceptionally essential organ required for metabolic byproducts elimination in the body and when the kidney is impaired, this role is compromised. Paraquat is a poison that is known to have harmful effect in various organs. Subsequently, the point of this study was to reveal the treatment impact of vitamin E and C in paraquat poisoned kidney in rat. The rat were 200 and they were classified into 4 groups assigned as A, B, C and D. The A group was the control, B, C and D were test groups classified in light of dose of paraquat given. “A” was not treated with paraquat, B, C and D were treated with 0.02g, 0.04g and 0.06g of paraquat separately at regular intervals of 2 weeks for 3 months. Each group had subgroups assigned "0" and "VEC"; "0" subgroups were subgroups not treated with vitamin E while "VEC" were subgroups treated with 500mg of vitamin E and 2000mg/dl vitamin C. Treatment of vitamin E and C happened week after week for one month. Both vitamins and paraquat treatment happened orally. After treatment period, the rats were sacrificed and blood sample collected through cardiac puncture for urea and creatinine assay. The outcomes showed that there was no significant difference in urea levels among only paraquat treated groups yet there was a significant increase in creatinine levels among only paraquat treatment groups. There was a significant decrease in creatinine level after vitamin E and C treatment. This study has shown that vitamin E and C is capable of restoring kidney function paraquat induced nephrotoxicity in rat.

Renoprotective effect of Lycopene on Renal Functional and Histopathological changes in Gentamycin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats.

Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on renal function. There are various forms, and some drugs may affect renal function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of lycopene inhibition in lesions of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity, Mature 24 male mature Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups of 6, group1: control, group 2 sham received daily lycopene injection (200 mg/kg) for 12 days, group 3 received daily GS injection (100mg/kg) for 12 days, group 4 received daily GS (100 mg/kg) and lycopene injection (100mg/kg)) for 12 days. After 12 days, rats were anaesthetized, blood sample were obtained and kidneys were removed then stained with hematoxylin and eosin method and then were studied histophatologically. Serum creatinine and urea were measured. lycopene significantly decreased the levels of urea and creatinine in treated group compared with the nephrotoxic untreated group. treatment of nephrotoxic animals with lycopene could significantly inhibit leukocyte infiltration and tubular necrosis in comparison with the nephrotoxic untreated group the findings showed that lycopene alleviates loss of leukocyte infiltration and tubular necrosis and exerts beneficial effects on kidney function test in nephrotoxic group

Comparison of Effect of Silymarin and Ethanol Extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum on Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Background: A variety of drugs and chemicals possess nephrotoxic potentials; therefore it is of keen interest to the researchers to obtain ways and means for alleviation of nephrotoxicity.
 Objective: The present study was designed to compare the ameliorative effect of silymarin with ethanol extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum in an experimental model of gentamicin- induced nephrotoxic rats.
 Methodology: This animal study was conducted by giving distilled water intraperitoneally to control group for seven days (1ml/rat/day) and was sacrificed on 8th day. To induce nephrotoxicity, gentamicin (GM) was administered (80 mg/kg/day for 7 days) intraperitoneally and sacrificed on 15th day. The ethanol extract of T. foenum-graecum was administered (500 mg/kg/day for 14 days) orally concomitantly with GM (7 days) and sacrificed on 15th day. To another group of rats, silymarin was administered (500 mg/kg/day for 14 days) orally concomitantly with gentamicin (7 days) and sacrificed on the 15th day. Biochemical indices like serum creatinine and serum urea levels were estimated to determine nephrotoxicity and amelioration of nephrotoxicity in all rat groups. To determine the status of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, the renal cortical glutathione (GSH) and renal cortical malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated.
 Results: Statistically significant amelioration was observed in all the biochemical parameters in T. foenum-graecum and silymarin treated groups.
 Conclusion: The ameliorating effect of T. foenum-graecum is much more effective in comparison to that of silymarin in nephrotoxicity.
 Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):23-27

Pomegranate protects renal proximal tubules during gentamicin induced-nephrotoxicity in rats

Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of pomegranate in gentamicin induced-nephrotoxicity in rats.
 Methods: Thirty Sprague Dawley Male rat were used, which randomly divided into 3 groups, 10 rats in each group. Group1 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water for 12 days.Group2 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water + Gentamicin .Group3 (n=10): Rats treated with pomegranate + gentamicin. Blood urea, serum creatinine, serum malondialdehde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) , glutathione reductase (GSH) , Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) , kidney injury molecules (KIM-1) and Cystatin-c were measured .
 Results: Blood urea and serum creatinine were significantly elevated in gentamicin group compared to the control p=0.007 and p=0.04 respectively. Also estimated GFR was significantly decreased in gentamicin group compared to the control p=0.04. Cystatin-c serum level and MDA serum level were increased but SOD and GSH were decreased insignificantly in gentamicin group compared to the control p>0.05. Pomegranate reduced blood urea significantly p=0.002. Pomegranate improves endogenous anti-oxidant capacity since; it increase GSH significantly compared to gentamicin group p=0.02. There were insignificant effects on MDA and SOD. Moreover, pomegranate reduce serum levels of KIM-1and NGAL in gentamicin group p<0.05.
 Conclusion: Pomegranate attenuates gentamicin induced-nephrotoxicity through potentiation of endogenous anti-oxidant capacity and inhibition of inflammatory pathway.

Protective effects of piperine on lead acetate induced-nephrotoxicity in rats.

Objective(s):In this study, we investigated the protective effects of piperine on lead acetate-induced renal damage in rat kidney tissue.Materials and Methods:Forty male rats were divided into 5 groups: negative control (rats were given aquadest daily), positive control (rats were given lead acetate 30 mg/kg BW orally once a day for 60 days), and the treatment group (rats were given piperine 50 mg; 100 mg and 200 mg/kg BW orally once a day for 65 days, and on 5th day, were given lead acetate 30 mg/kg BW one hr after piperine administration for 60 days). On day 65 levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) were measured. Also, kidney samples were collected for histopathological studies.Results:The results revealed that lead acetate toxicity induced a significant increase in the levels of BUN, creatinine, and MDA; moreover, a significant decrease in SOD and GPx. Lead acetate also altered kidney histopathology (kidney damage, necrosis of tubules) compared to the negative control. However, administration of piperine significantly improved the kidney histopathology, decreased the levels of BUN, creatinine, and MDA, and also significantly increased the SOD and GPx in the kidney of lead acetate-treated rats.Conclusion:From the results of this study it was concluded that piperine could be a potent natural herbal product exhibiting nephroprotective effect against lead acetate induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Effects of Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) on Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat.

Background The main side effect of gentamicin is nephrotoxicity. The effect of cobalamin (Cob) was investigated on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats. Methods Renal injury induced by i.p. injection of gentamicin (100 mg/kg) for 8 consecutive days. Cobalamin (6 mg/kg/day, i.p) treatment was done for 8 consecutive days as co-treatment and post-treatment protocol. Results Cobalamin significantly increased creatinine clearance levels and renal blood flow which were reduced by gentamicin. Also, cobalamin significantly improved serum electrolytes (sodium and potassium) levels which were disturbed by gentamicin. Cobalamin significantly compensated deficits in the antioxidant defense mechanisms, suppressed lipid per oxidation and ameliorated renal tissue damage mediated by gentamicin. Conclusion The results of the current study indicated that cobalamin effectively protected the kidney tissue against gentamicin induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities can be supposed the main factors responsible for the nephroprotective effect of cobalamin.

The protective effect of Buffalo's milk against toluene induced-nephrotoxicity in rats.

Background: Toluene is widely used in different activities of industrial, commercial and household applications. It can cause damage to the human body. Buffalos’ milk has a good nutritive value. Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the negative effects of toluene on kidney tissues and to investigate the protective effects of buffalo’s milk against toluene-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats (180-220 g weight) were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 5). Animals in groups I to IV received oral gavage 1 mL distilled water (DH2O) and groups V to VIII received oral gavage 1 mL buffalo’s milk. Ten minutes later, animals were received toluene (i.p) at doses of 300 mg/kg (groups I and V), 600 mg/kg (groups of II and VI), and 900 mg/kg (groups of III and VII), respectively. The animals in groups IV (control) and VIII were injected vehicle (corn oil) only. The experiment repeated for seven consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, animals were killed with overdose of sodium pentobarbital. Blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). One part of the kidney tissues were excised for measuring the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Another parts were excised for histopatholgical examination. Results: Administration of toluene to male rats produced dose-dependent damage in the kidney. This was noted by elevation of BUN, Cr and MDA levels. In contrast, diminished the CAT, GR and SOD enzyme activities in rats treated with toluene when compared to those in control animals. Histopathological manifestations were also observed in dose related manner in toluene-treated rats. Buffalo’s milk had no effect on the biochemical parameters and kidney morphology when compared to those in control. However, it was able to prevent rat kidney against toluene toxicity. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that toluene damages kidney tissue and is a nephrotoxic substance. Buffalo’s milk was able to prevent the renal damage as an antioxidant and a nephroprotective agent.

NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PETROSLINUM CRISPUMS LEAVES AGAINST RIFAMPIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS.

30Nov 2016 NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PETROSLINUM CRISPUMS LEAVES AGAINST RIFAMPIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS. Esraa Ramadan , Tarig. H. A. Bilal , Idris , O. F and Samia H. Abdelrahman. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Laboratories Sharg Alneel college. Khartoum Sudan. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and technology, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan. Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Research Institute, Animal Resources Research Corporation. P.O.Box. 8067 Alamarat Khartoum Sudan.

Quantitative Assessment of Protective Effects of Antioxidant Agents against Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a method for quantifying the extent of renal dysfunction due to drug-induced nephrotoxicity using dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) and to investigate the protective effects of various antioxidant agents against cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (cisplatin)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using this method. Materials and Methods: The DCE-CT studies were performed in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. The CT scanning started 4 s before a bolus intravenous injection of iodinated contrast agent (CA) (150 mgI/kg) from the tail vein using an automatic injector and lasted 90 s at 1-s intervals. The contrast clearance per unit renal volume (K1) was estimated from the DCE-CT data using the Patlak model. The renal volume (V) was calculated by manually delineating the kidney on the CT image. The contrast clearance of the entire kid-ney (K) was obtained by . First, to investigate the effect of CA itself, the DCE-CT studies were performed without injecting cisplatin 2, 4, and 7 days after the first DCE-CT study on day 0. Second, to investigate the effect of injected dose of cisplatin, the DCE-CT study was performed after the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cisplatin (1.8 mg/kg) and was repeated every other day for one week. Finally, to investigate the protective effects of antioxidant agents [L-arginine (300 mg/kg), N-acetylcysteine (500 or 1000 mg/kg), methimazole (40 mg/kg), captopril (60 mg/kg), and taurine (750 mg/kg)], the DCE-CT studies were performed on days 0, 2, 4, and 7 after the i.p. injection of cisplatin (3.6 mg/kg). For comparison, the DCE-CT data were also acquired without injecting the antioxidant agents (CDDP group). Results: When cisplatin was not injected, there were no significant changes in the K value as compared to that on day 0 within the studied period. The K valuesignificantly (p < 0.05) decreased with increasing dose of cisplatin. Although some differences were observed in the extent of change in the K value normalized by that on day 0, depending on the antioxidant agents and their injected dose and schedule, the normalized K values on day 7 in the groups injected with the antioxidant agents were significantly higher than those in the CDDP group, suggesting that the antioxidant agents studied here had protective effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in varying degrees. Conclusion: Our method appears useful for quantitatively evaluating the protective effects of antioxidant agents against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and for investigating the optimal injected dose and schedule of the agents, because it allows repeated measurements of split renal function in a single animal.

Silibinin: A Bioactive Flavanone in Milk Thistle Ameliorate Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Silibinin: A Bioactive Flavanone in Milk Thistle Ameliorate Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Evaluation of efficacy of natural astaxanthin and vitamin E in prevention of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat model

ObjectiveWe evaluated the effect of astaxanthin (ASX) and vitamin E (vit E) on colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) induced-nephrotoxicity in rats. MethodsAnimals were treated with sterile saline, 300000 or 450000IU/kg/day of CMS, CMS+ASX (20mg/kg), CMS+vit E (100mg/kg), or CMS+1ml/kg olive oil (OO) for 7 days. The plasma/urine creatinine (Cr) level, urine γ-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) level, and renal tissue activities in malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GSH), as well as renal histology were performed. ResultsCMS induced a tubular damage, increased the GGT and MDA levels, and decreased the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH. Co-treatment with ASX or vit E restored all biochemical parameters cited above and improved the histopathological damage. ConclusionNephrotoxicity induced by CMS might be due to oxidative damage. The improvement by ASX or vit E seems to be related to their antioxidant properties.

Thymoquinone and curcumin attenuate gentamicin-induced renal oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats.

The present study was aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ) and curcumin (Cur) on gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats were divided into four groups as follows: group 1 received normal saline and served as normal controls, group 2 received GM only, group 3 concurrently received GM and TQ and group 4 concurrently received GM and Cur. At day 21, rats were sacrificed and samples were collected for assaying serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), urea and creatinine levels, and renal lipid peroxidaion, glutathione (GSH) content as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. In addition, kidneys were collected for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical determination of the antiapoptotic protein, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). The biochemical results showed that GM-induced nephrotoxicity was associated with a significant increase in serum TNF-α, urea and creatinine as well as renal lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, renal GSH content and GPx and SOD activities were significantly declined. Concomitant administration of either TQ or Cur efficiently alleviated the altered biochemical and histopathological features. In conclusion, both TQ and Cur showed more or less similar marked renoprotective effect against GM-induced nephrotoxicity through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic efficacies.

Effect of Costus afer Leaves' Juice on Nitrocellulose Thinner Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Effect of Costus afer Leaves' Juice on Nitrocellulose Thinner Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Comparison between the Effect of Melatonin and Zinc sulfate in Prevention of cisplatin induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Cisplatin is an inorganic complex; the therapeutic effects of it are significantly improved by dose escalation. However high-dose therapy with cisplatin is limited by its cumulative nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. The aim of study was to compare between the effect of melatonin and zinc sulfate in prevention of cisplatin induced-nephrotoxicity in rats. Forty male albino rats weighing (200-250gm) were equally divided into four groups: normal group (0.2 ml isotonic saline group), control group "cisplatin group" (12 mg/kg cisplatin, single dose I.P.), melatonin group (15 mg/kg I.P.)prophylactically one day prior to cisplatin administration and continued for further 3 days, and zinc sulfate group (50 mg/ kg I.P.) prophylactically one day prior to cisplatin administration and continued for further 3 days.There was significant difference (p&lt;0.05) between zinc sulfate and melatonin in reducing serum creatinine and BUN (melatonin more effective in reducing these parameters), and there was no significant difference (p&gt;0.05) between them in reducing serum malondialdhyde (MDA) and increasing serum glutathione (GSH).As a conclusion, melatonin (15 mg/ kg I.P.) and zinc sulfate (50 mg/ kg I.P.) had protective effects against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Melatoninwas found to be more effective than zinc sulfate in its ability to reverse the abnormal renal function and preventing histopathological changes

Protective Effect of Trianthema portulacastrum Linn Leaves on Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Objective : To evaluate the nephro protective effect of ethanolic extract of Trianthema portulacastrum leaves in gentamicin induced renal damage in rats. Materials and methods : The nephro protective activity of ethanolic extract of T.portulacastrum leaves was evaluated against gentamicin induced renal damage in rats. Various biochemical parameters were assessed and histopathological section of the kidney was taken. The protective effect was further studied from analyzing the potential of the extract to scavenge the free radicals. Results : i.p administration of ethanolic extract of T.portulacastrum restored the levels of the biochemical factors determined significantly and exhibited a significant potential to scavenge free radicals with respect to control. Conclusion : The ethanolic extract of T.portulacastrum exhibited significant (P< 0.001) nephro protective activity.

Preventive effect ofcalcium channel blocker in tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity in rats

：Objective To study the calcium metabolism intacrolimus(FK506)induced rats nephrotoxicity and the preventive effect of calcium channelblocker.Methods Twenty-four Spragueinduced or FK506-induced nephropathy model.Bloodcreatinine,blood electrolytes,renal tissue histopathology(HE stain)and the change ofultrastructural organization in renal cells by transmission electron microscope wereobserved.Results The blood creatinine levels of both CsA and FK506 groups [(36.00±2.61)and(34.17±4.54)μmol/L]were significantly higher than those of the FK506+Dilgroup and control group(all P＜0.05).Theblood calcium levels of both CsA and FK506 groups (2.00±0.04 and 2.05±0.04 mmol/L) weresignificantly lower than those of the FK506+Dil group and control group(all P＜0.05).Theblood creatinine and calcium levels of FK506+Dil group were not significantly differentwith those of control group(P＞0.05).Histopathologyexamination showed cloudy swelling and vacuolization of the renal tubular epithelial cellsand intra-cellular mitochondria swelling and vacuolization in the CsA and FK506groups.However,the pathological changes of the FK506+Dil group were remarkably milder incomparison with the CsA and FK506 groups.Concluum channel blocker,Dil,could prevent theFK506-induced nephrotoxicity. Key words: Tacrolimus; Nephrotoxicity; Calcium channel blocker; Diltiazem