Rice Production In Indonesia Research Articles

Genetic parameters of yield component and yield in M1 rice (Oryza sativa L.) generation irradiated with gamma-ray

High-yielding varieties are the primary determinant of the success of increasing Indonesia's rice production. Plant breeding for new high-yielding varieties is possible through mutation induction and selecting desired traits. The effectiveness and efficiency of selection require comprehensive genetic parameters. This study aimed to study the genetic diversity, heritability, genetic advance, and relationship between yield components and yield in the M1 generation of mutant rice irradiated with gamma ray. This research used a factorial randomized complete block design, involving gamma irradiation doses of 100 Gy, 150 Gy, and 200 Gy, as the first factor; and the second factor was the rice genotype: UnsoedBDBP, UnsoedBDIU, UnsoedBPIU, UnsoedIUBD, and UnsoedIBP. Each treatment was repeated three times. Results showed that traits with broad genetic variation were tiller number plant-1, grain number panicle-1, and grain yield plant-1. High heritability and genetic advance values were found in plant height, grain number panicle-1, and yield plant-1, indicating that improvement in these traits can be achieved simply through selection methods. Panicle number plant-1 and filled grain percentage panicle-1 showed a unidirectional relationship and directly affected high values on yield plant-1. Therefore, these traits can be considered selection indicators for breeding high-yielding mutant rice.

Forecasting Average Rice Prices at Milling Level According to Quality Using Support Vector Regression

Indonesia is an agricultural country where the majority of the population work as farmers and one of the humongous commodities produced is rice. Rice is a very important commodity for the Indonesian people, because it is the main food of them. This is why rice production in Indonesia is the big concern to the government, including of the average rice prices at milling level. The fluctuative of the rice prices will be affect to the purchasing power of the people. One of the efforts that can be made to prepare a policy to increase people's purchasing power of the rice is by forecasting. This study used SVR to modeling the average rice prices using 114 datasets obtained from January 2013 to June 2023, then evaluating its performance using Mean Absoute Percetage Error (MAPE). The best model formed from a linear kernel with parameters ε = 0.078 and C = 3.1. The model produced the smallest MAPE value of 2.32% in testing data and 1.2% in training data which also less than 10% meaning that the performance of the model to forecast the average price of rice is very high.

Analysis of production projections and factors that correlated with rice production in Indonesia

Introduction: Meeting rice needs is largely determined by the level of domestic rice production. However, the various dynamics that occur provide encouragement to provide an overview of the conditions for meeting food needs, namely in the form of rice, based on trends in rice production and how independent variables correlate with rice production. The aim of this research is to determine the projected rice production for 2023-2032 and determine the strength of the relationship between the dependent variable (rice production) and the independent variables in the form of harvested area, price of harvested dry grain, price of urea fertilizer and price. Methods: namely a quantitative descriptive method with secondary time series data from 1993-2022. Data analysis techniques for forecasting studies are by using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) analysis. Meanwhile, in the correlation analysis of rice production using the Pearson correlation. Results: Projections for rice commodity production in Indonesia from 2023 to 2032 using the MA1 model show a positive trend. Analysis of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, namely harvest area (X1), rice price (X2), urea fertilizer price (X3), and price of other food commodities, namely corn (X4) shows a significant positive relationship with rice production in Indonesia. Conclusion: Projections for rice commodity production in Indonesia from 2023 to 2032, which were analyzed using the MA 1 model, obtained data with a positive trend which states that based on past data, Indonesian rice production will continue to increase every year in line with domestic food needs.

Calculation of Rice Farming Insurance Premium Price in Magelang City Based on Rainfall Index with Black-Scholes Method

Indonesia is a country with two seasons, the rainy season and the dry season. Unstable rainfall can affect rice production and may cause crop failure. The amount of rice production in Indonesia, one of which is in Magelang City, is quite large, so the losses that may be experienced are quite significant. Therefore, a way to reduce the impact of losses experienced by farmers is needed, one of which is through the rice farming insurance program. The purpose of this study is to determine the premium price of rice farming insurance based on rainfall index based on the exit value and trigger value in each growing season. Insurance using the rainfall index can provide protection to farmers due to too little rainfall or too much rainfall. Too much rainfall can cause damage to rice plants resulting in crop failure. The premium calculation method uses the Black-Scholes principle, while the exit value and trigger value are determined by the Historical Burn Analysis method. The result of this study is to obtain various trigger values and exit values as well as premiums that must be paid by farmers in each normal, high, and low (dry) rainfall condition. This value determines the premium price obtained for normal rainfall which is IDR 735,739.66 to IDR 871,698.64, for high rainfall the premium price obtained is IDR 1,404,184.75 to IDR 1,643,307.75, and for low rainfall (dry season) it is IDR 5,541,806.10 to IDR 6,689,629.88.

Dampak Pemberhetian Ekspor Beras Dari Negara-Negara Pengekspor Utama Terhadap Ketahanan Pangan Indonesia

The development of rice production in Indonesia is very important to support national economic growth. Considering the importance of rice as a fundamental element in the national food system, rice is the most important food ingredient that needs to be produced a lot. In Indonesia, more rice is produced than people consume. To maintain and increase food security, as well as close the gap between domestic consumption and local rice production, the government is still importing rice. Apart from that, rice imports also aim to maintain rice supplies and keep rice prices stable. So what happens if Indonesia no longer accepts rice imports from major rice exporting countries such as Vietnam, Thailand and India? This research aims to provide in-depth insight into the impact of stopping rice exports and its implications for food security in Indonesia. The data obtained used descriptive statistical analysis techniques to compare the amount of rice consumed, produced and imported into Indonesia. The findings of this research indicate that Indonesia's food security will not be significantly impacted if major rice exporting countries stop sending rice to Indonesia. This is because over the last five years (2018–2022), rice production has exceeded Indonesia's rice consumption. However, if the level of rice production in Indonesia at any time decreases, rice supplies will not be sufficient and the price of rice will increase significantly.

Policy pathway to resilience: Shifting to high-yielding rice seeds to reduce emissions and strengthen rice production in Indonesia

Policy pathway to resilience: Shifting to high-yielding rice seeds to reduce emissions and strengthen rice production in Indonesia

Root causes of underutilisation of assisted agricultural machinery on rice production in Indonesia

Root causes of underutilisation of assisted agricultural machinery on rice production in Indonesia

Ketahanan Lingkungan Dan Adaptasi Sosial Dalam Konteks Perubahan Iklim Di Kabupaten Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

Climate change affects agriculture through its impact on plant growth, development and yield. Research on indications of climate change and its impact on rice production in Indonesia in South Sumatra This research aims to examine climate change and its impacts on rice production in Indonesia. This study uses data from temperature, bulk rain, agroclimate, and rice production as well as socio-economic data. Methodology This research is an explanatory descriptive study using the concept of risk assessment where risk (risk) is a function of danger (hazard) and vulnerability (vulnerability). Study results shows that in Indonesia there has been climate change with indications of increasing temperature, changes in rainfall patterns, changes in hitergraphs, and changes in Oldeman classification.

PROYEKSI TREN SUHU UDARA DI JAWA TIMUR BERDASARKAN SKENARIO RCP 4.5

Changes in the pattern and intensity of climate parameters, including air temperature, can be used to detect climate changes. It is very important to study air temperature trends related to climate change in East Java because this region is one of the provinces that contributes the largest rice production in Indonesia. Food security is negatively impacted by climate change. The research aims to determine changes temperature trend in detail on a regional scale. Climate change detection is carried out by analyzing the air temperature index issued by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). Apart from looking at current conditions, this study examines projected future temperature trends using the RCP 4.5 scenario. RCP 4.5 is the scenario that most closely describes current climate conditions. Based on the research results, MPI-ESM-LR is the model that has the best accuracy compared to other methods. The air temperature index for the baseline period (1991-2020) shows an increasing trend of several significant intensity indices (p<0.05) at the maximum and minimum temperatures, which causes the air temperature during the day and at night to increase. The frequency index (TN10p TN90p, TX10p, and TX90p) shows a warming trend and several regions experience a significant upward trend. The projection period (2021-2050) shows an increasing trend in most of East Java and several indices such as TNn, TXn and TX90p show an increasing trend of warming which is higher than the baseline period.

Agronomic and economic study of the application of some rice cropping systems in irrigation rice land

In response to rising population growth and the increasing demand for staple foods like rice, the Indonesian government is adopting new strategies including the Jajar Legowo planting system. This research, conducted on farmland in Jebed Utara Village, focused on two factors: five rice varieties and three planting systems. The data, collected during the dry season, was assessed in a randomized block factorial experimental design. All varieties showed potential for increased productivity using the Jajar Legowo system. The 2:1 Jajar Legowo planting system yielded the highest grain output (7.99 t ha-1), marking a 15.2% increase compared to the conventional system. Additionally, it achieved the highest R/C ratio, indicating its viability as a planting system. The study suggests that adopting the Jajar Legowo planting system, particularly the 2:1 model, could significantly enhance rice production in Indonesia.

Implementasi Program GHIPPA dalam Meningkatkan Kebutuhan Irigasi Air

The government has an important role so that the implementation of the fulfillment of community food is carried out the same as the fulfillment of other rights. Therefore, efforts to fulfill community food are a serious problem in development programs, both those that have been launched by the Regional Government and the Central Government. Efforts to fulfill food by the Regional Government by realizing food availability are also carried out by the government in Java. Java Island itself is the center of rice production in Indonesia because it is able to produce the largest rice production, especially East Java Province with a total production of 12,198,707 tons. The aim of this community service is to increase socialization of the GHIPPA program to meet the water irrigation needs of the village. In order to achieve this target, the Nganjuk Regency Government has started implementing various programs to increase agricultural production. However, there is a major obstacle to increasing production, namely the availability of deep water. Therefore, the Nganjuk Regency Government is trying to overcome the availability of water. These include providing irrigation network infrastructure, Farmer Business Level Irrigation Network/Village Irrigation Network (JITUT/JIDES), Farming Business Roads, Pumping and Empowerment of the Water User Farmers Association (GHIPPA).

Perlakuan Air Panas dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria untuk Menekan Cendawan Terbawa Benih pada Padi Varietas IPB-3S

Hot Water Treatment and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria to Suppress Seed-Borne Fungi on Rice Variety IPB-3S
 IPB-3S is a new rice variety which was developed to improve national rice production in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine seed-borne fungi associated with IPB-3S variety and to determine the potential of hot water and PGPR treatment to suppress the fungal infection. The study consisted of five experiments, i.e. seed health test by dry seed observation and by blotter test, pathogenicity test, seed treatment using hot water and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Seven genera of fungi were found in IPB-3S seeds, namely Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Rhizoctonia, Curvularia, Fusarium and Colletotrichum. All of these fungi are pathogenic based on pathogenicity test. Seed treatment using hot water at 54 ℃ and PGPR reduced fungal infections and increased germination of IPB-3S seeds.

Mating disruption technology: An innovative tool for managing yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) of rice in Indonesia

Yellow stem borer (YSB) of rice, Scirpophaga incertulas Walker, causes significant damage to rice production in Indonesia. YSB management largely depends on insecticide applications and alternative management practices are very few and impractical. Pheromone-mediated mating disruption (MD) is a new way to manage YSB while reducing dependence on conventional insecticides. Pheron™ RSB is an low-density polyethylene (LDPE) MD dispenser, containing 1.25 g of a four-way blended insect sex pheromone components - Z11-Hexadecenal, Z9-Hexadecenal, Z13-Octadecenal, Z9-Octadecenal in a ratio of 75, 8.6, 9.4, and 7 respectively. The objective is to evaluate MD by Pheron™ RSB as a tool for season-long management of YSB. Dispensers were applied at a rate of 20 dispensers/ha in a minimum area of 4 ha. We conducted these trials at 74 locations, non-replicated, across Java, in the wet and dry seasons of 2020–2021 where YSB are endemic and problematic. Efficacy of MD in pheromone foundational practice (PFP) was compared to conventional grower practice (CGP). Trap reduction, a measure of MD was significantly higher (>70%) in PFP as compared to CGP. A major benefit of MD is reduction in damage. Significantly lower damage to rice tillers (40–46%) was seen in PFP compared to CGP. Lower damage in PFP likely protected yield by 0.43 to 0.76 ton/ha compared to CGP. Compared to PFP, CGP required 40–56% higher insecticide applications to manage YSB. Pheron™ RSB provided season-long MD and proved to be a powerful tool for integrated management of YSB.

Community Empowerment through Utilization of Rice Husk Waste in Cirebon Regency

The amount of rice production in Indonesia every year is always increasing. The results of the rice mill produce waste material, namely husks. Along with the increase in rice production, the amount of rice husk waste has also increased. The purpose of this service is to assist the community in utilizing husk waste to make a useful product. The approach used in implementing the KKN program for the people of Jagapura Kulon Village, Gegesik District, Cirebon Regency, is a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) with five stages of design thinking. The dedication results show that the shoe rack and sandals that will be made use eco-friendly materials that use the waste from rice husks. The culture of reuse, reduce and recycle must also be applied to organic waste to reduce the use of new materials or materials. The manufacture of shoe and sandal racks is also expected to reduce the felling of trees used to make conventional shoe racks made of wood. Through RASENDAL products, we can reduce the use of new materials using unused waste.

Productivity and Agronomic Efficiency of Inundation Tolerance Rice in the Swampland: A Review

Swampland is one of the potential agroecosystems of rice production in Indonesia, but it is classified as marginal in terms of unpredictable inundation, primarily due to global climate change impact. Submergence-resistant variety’s high-yielding and efficient input are one of the efforts to overcome these constraints. The review aims to explore information on the availability and potentiality of immersion-resistant varieties, the efficiency of cultivation technology, and the availability and potentiality of local rice as a source of genes in creating immersion-resistant varieties. The review method is a reference study of different research results. The review results show that five varieties of swampland rice are mainly assembled to withstand immersion in all vegetative phases, namely for six days (Inpara 3) and fourteen days (Inpara 4-5, Inpari 29-30). Based on the Relative Agronomic Efficiency (RAE) parameter, cultivation technology is available. However, information on the research results and its implementation on these five varieties and other high-yielding rice varieties in the swampland is still limited. Sixteen local accessions of inundation tolerance have been identified. Further research is needed on different varieties of immersion resistance, RAE parameters-based cultivation technology, and new immersion-resistant varieties using available local varietal gene donors. This way the availability of effective technology and its dissemination efforts will have the opportunity to be adopted by the stakeholders, thus increasing their productivity and income.

Implementation of agricultural insurance for sustainable food crop in Mutiara Timur and Suka Makmur Sub Districts

The extreme climate has caused anomaly in rainfall, so there is the potential for floods and droughts to have a direct impact on the agricultural sector, particularly the decline in rice production. To overcome this, the government issued a policy in the form of an agricultural insurance program known as agricultural insurance to protect rice plants from the threat of crop failure. Aceh Province, which is one of the central provinces of lowland rice production in Indonesia, has implemented the agricultural insurance program since 2016, but it did not run smoothly due to several weaknesses of the program. Currently, agricultural insurance programs have developed rapidly, one of which is climate index-based agricultural insurance that can overcome the weaknesses of indemnity-based agricultural insurance. Based on the above background, researchers are interested in studying the Willingness To Join (WTJ) and Willingness To Pay (WTP) of farmers on climate index-based agricultural insurance. The analytical methods used are binary logistic regression analysis, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), and Heckman Selection Models. The results showed that socio-economic factors namely farmer’s age, experience in rice farming, land area, and income from rice farming had a significant effect on WTJ and WTP agricultural insurance premiums with an average premium was Rp168,667 ha−1 per planting season. There are 2 things that the government needs to do to make the agricultural insurance program more successful. First, the application of cheaper insurance premiums and second, increasing farmers’ knowledge about the insurance scheme through more intensive socialization.

Potensi Kompos, tepung Azolla dan Dedak sebagai bahan Pembawa Bakteri Pemfiksasi N (BPN) dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil gabah Padi Gogo pada Inceptisols Jatinangor

Rice is an important commodity in Indonesia because rice is the main source of carbohydrates for the Indonesian. Rice production in Indonesia relies on lowland rice, but the productivity of lowland rice is decreasing. One of the efforts to increase rice national production is utilizing upland rice plants. The problem with upland rice is its low productivity. Nitrogen-fixing biological fertilizers can be used to increase the productivity of upland rice plants. The effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen fixing bacteria with different carrier materials on the growth and yield of upland rice in Inceptisols Jatinangor was studied. Randomized block design with two factors: the recommended dose of urea fertilizer (100% and 50%) and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria factor with different carriers (compost, rice bran, and Azolla powder) were applied as an experimental design. The experimental results showed that the interaction of nitrogen fertilizer dose and nitrogen-fixing bacteria with different carriers had no significant effect on plant height, number of panicles, root shoot ratio, and weight of 1000 grains of upland rice plants. Application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria with compost, bran, and Azolla powder as carriers was able to increase the average weight of the filled grain higher than the control.

Assessing the Challenges and Opportunities of Agricultural Information Systems to Enhance Farmers’ Capacity and Target Rice Production in Indonesia

Current technological developments make it easier for users to access the information needed in handling their farming. The study’s objectives are to determine the performance of the agricultural information system (AIS) service for rice commodities and the relationship of these service indicators to each other in increasing farmer capacity and rice production in Indonesia. The research was conducted in three rice center provinces, North Sumatra, South Sumatra, and Yogyakarta, from October to December 2021. The number of respondent farmers is 473 people who have obtained or applied for AIS for at least two years. Survey techniques using purposive sampling with a non-probability method with the criteria used are farmers or officials who have received information about AIS. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis with the help of SmartPLS v.3.2.9 software was performed to see multivariate relationships and continued by using importance performance analysis (IPA) to evaluate the performance of information system attributes. The results showed that the productive age, education level, and experience in rice farming were more than 10 years, enabling the application of AIS in Indonesia by strengthening the internet network and improving the attributes of security services, ease of application, accuracy, suitability, output interpretation, and accuracy, which will increase user loyalty.

System of Rice Intensification in Indonesia: Research, Adoption and Opportunities

The conventional rice cultivation method is observed to be ineffective in increasing rice production in Indonesia, compounded further by the frequent occurrence of various diseases, pest infestations, and weather uncertainties. The long-term practice of using high agrochemical inputs has adversely affected natural resources such as water, soil, and air. Thus, farming transformation is much needed in order to address the nation’s food security. This transformation can be done via the adoption of agroecological practices which rely on biological processes rather than on agrochemicals to maintain soil fertility and protect plant health. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an agroecological method of rice cultivation that relies primarily on creating conditions for healthy plant growth by minimizing inter-plant competition through individual planting and wide spacing, at the same time improving soil structure and functioning by applying organic amendments, facilitating soil-surface aeration during weeding, and managing water to avoid both continuous flooding and water-stressed conditions. This combination of management practices results in better rice growth and yield compared with standard cultivation methods. For this purpose, the impacts of the SRI method on the economic, environmental, and social perspectives were studied. We conclude that the high productivity obtained by the SRI farmers and field trials has proven the suitability of the SRI method for sustainable rice farming in Indonesia. SRI improves the productivity of land, water and increases rice yield by three times higher than the conventional method. SRI is now regarded as a good option to be practiced by farmers in order to bring about a new kind of green revolution that relies upon ecosystem services to increase yield.

Rice Plant Health Spatial Study with Sentinel and SPOT Imagery in Parakansalak District

The Rice plant is a food plant cultivated through lowland, one of the world community’s basic needs and source of livelihood for most Indonesian people. However, the amount of rice production in Indonesia is still relatively low compared to the consumption rate of the people, so it needs to get more attention in supporting the realization of food self-sufficiency. One of the efforts to achieve this is made by monitoring, such as health conditions. The purpose of this research is to identify the health condition of rice plants in Parakansalak District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java, by applying high-resolution satellite imagery, Sentinel-2 and SPOT-6 processed with NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) algorithm to the monitoring plants health. The result concluded that rice plants have good health with an area of 197 hectares or 52 % of the existing paddy field area by Sentinel-2, and the distribution of NDVI values in higher resolution images SPOT-6 has a similar spatial pattern. This percentage shows that the distribution of NDVI values is relatively high and indicates that the plants have a high density.