Indonesian Imports Research Articles

Transforming Indonesia's Import Regulations: Challenges and Opportunities in Realizing Economic Efficiency and Fairness

Transforming Indonesia's Import Regulations: Challenges and Opportunities in Realizing Economic Efficiency and Fairness

PENGARUH DETERMINAN PERDAGANGAN BILAT- ERAL INDONESIA-AUSTRALIA TERHADAP TOTAL EKSPOR INDONESIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN GRAVITY MODEL

The economic cooperation between Indonesia and Australia has existed for a long time, including in terms of export and import, one of which is contained in the IA-CEPA agreement. However, the trend of growth in Indonesia's imports to Australia tends to be more stable in value than its exports. Geographical proximity is also important for the two countries to support each other's economy, especially in terms of trade, so this study uses a gravity model approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the distance from the exporting country (Indonesia) to the destination country (Australia), Australia's GDP, Australian population, real exchange rate, and the economic crisis on Indonesia's total exports. This study is a quantitative study using secondary time series data in the form of annual data for the period 1991 to 2020. In this study, the authors used E-views 9 software for processing the collected data.

ANALYSIS EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT REVENUES ON INDONESIA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH ON 1991-2020

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact that exports, imports, and tax revenues have had on the rate of economic growth in Indonesia between the years 1991 and 2020. This study follows a quantitative approach to research methodology. The data that were used in this analysis were secondary data that were gathered from the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia and the World Bank. The data for this study were compiled by using time series data from 1991 all the way up until 2020. The approach of using Ordinary Least Squares with an Error Correction Model as the analytical model that is applied is utilized. According to the findings of this study, both long-term and short-term variables related to exports have an effect that is detrimental to the economic growth of Indonesia. Both long-term and short-term changes in Indonesia's imports have no effect on the country's overall economic growth. Further, the impact of long-term tax revenue on economic growth in Indonesia is negative, while the impact of short-term tax revenue is meaningless to the country's overall development.

DAMPAK NILAI IMPOR DAN EKSPOR INDONESIA TERHADAP PENANAMAN MODAL ASING AS DI INDONESIA 2000-2020

This study aims to understand Indonesia's exports -the value of US imports to Indonesia from 2000 to 2020. The independent variables of this study are Indonesia's export value from 2000 to 2020 (X1), Indonesia's import value from 2000 to 2020 (X2) and the dependent variable i.e. Indonesia's foreign countries in the United States from 2000 to 2020. It is a direct investment (Y). The data used is from the official website of the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. The data analysis used is a multiple regression analysis. The stimulus test (F-test) results show that the simultaneous value of Indonesia's imports and exports does not have a significant impact on US foreign investment in Indonesia. On the other hand, the partial test (t-test) results show that the import and export variables do not show a partially significant effect on US foreign investment in Indonesia from 2000 to 2020

Measuring Dependency of International Trade Aerospace Sector

This research aims to quantify the specialization stage of Indonesia, followed by the dependencies of Indonesia's imports on the aerospace sector. Since, there are still few studies about the aerospace sector, especially from an economic perspective. This research conducted to fulfill the gap studies on international trade aerospace sector phenomenon. The sample used in this research is 9 countries between 2001 – 2018. Methods will be conducted in two steps. First, by using Trade Specialization Index (TSI), we try to identify the specialization stage of each country in the aerospace sector. Second, we used Import Dependency Ratio (IDR) to identify the level of Indonesia's dependency in the aerospace sector on other countries. We found that Indonesia still reaching the introduction stage of specialization. Adding relevancy to the result, Indonesia is also considered as highly-dependent on other countries in terms of the aerospace sector. We therefore suggest that Indonesia needs to raise traction in the aerospace sector by increasing its budget and conducting technology transfers, so Indonesia’s competitiveness will raised.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF TOTAL PRODUCTION, PRICE, AND COMSUMPTION ON RICE IMPORTS IN INDONESIA IN 2010-2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Jumlah Produksi, Harga, Dan Konsumsi Terhadap Impor Beras Di Indonesia Tahun 2010-2019. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Metode ini yang digunakan dalam penelitian skripsi ini adalah metode analisis data. Penelitian ini menggunakan aplikasi Eviews 9 dalam menentukan hipotesisnya. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu produksi beras, harga beras, dan konsumsi beras. Jenis data yang digunakan data time series dengan antara tahun 2010-2019. Dan sumber data berasal dari sumber Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang analisis pengaruh jumlah produksi, harga, dan konsumsi terhadap impor beras di Indonesia 2010-2019 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa produksi beras, harga beras, konsumsi beras di Indonesia berpengaruh signifikan terhadap impor beras di Indonesia tahun 2010-2019, dimana produksi beras berpengaruh positif (+) dan signifikan terhadap impor beras di Indonesia, dan dimana harga beras berpengaruh positif (+) dan signifikan terhadap impor beras di Indonesia, sedangkan konsumsi beras berpengaruh negatif (-) dan signifikan terhadap impor beras di Indonesia.

Balance of sugarcane plantation land needs in Lamongan Regency in 2031 based on land-use changes using SPOT imagery

The volume of Indonesia's sugar imports in 2019 reached 4,09 million tons. The high volume of imports was influenced by the decreasing area of sugarcane plantations. Lamongan Regency is one of the sugarcane and sugar-producing regencies in East Java. Sugarcane and sugar production in Lamongan Regency has experienced quite diverse dynamics and has been influenced by changes in land-use conditions. This study aims to analyze the balance of land needs for sugarcane plantations in Lamongan Regency in 2031 based on an analysis of land-use changes using SPOT imagery of 2007, 2013, and 2019. The study was conducted by analyzing land-use changes, population projections, and land demand balance analysis for sugarcane plantations. The results of the analysis showed that the population of Lamongan Regency in 2031 is projected to reach 1.419.843 people with a land requirement for sugarcane plantations of 2.362,29 ha. There will be a land surplus of 1.276,92 ha but it is still concentrated in 7 of the 27 sub-districts. Sugarcane plantations in Lamongan Regency have the potential to be developed considering that the land allocation for plantations in the Lamongan Regency Spatial Plan of 2011-2031 reaches 10.022,42 ha.

Analisis Kurs, Inflasi dan Konsumsi Beras Perkapita Terhadap Impor Beras Di Indonesia

This study analyzed the relationship between exchange rates, inflation, andrice consumption per capita on rice imports in Indonesia. The data used inthis study are secondary data during the 2007-2018 period and by 6 mainrice exporting countries. The analysis tool used was the panel data analysismethod (a combination of cross-section and time-series) with the OrdinaryLeast Square (OLS) approach. The results indicated that the relationshipbetween exchange rate and inflation did not affect the level of rice imports inIndonesia because the exchange rate and inflation cannot influenceconsumption and import needs in Indonesia. Meanwhile, per capita riceconsumption also did not have a significant effect on rice imports inIndonesia because there has been a change in consumption patterns at thehead of household level in Indonesia so that the level of rice consumptioncontinues to decline each year.

Analsis determinan yang mempengaruhi perdagangan luar negeri Indonesa terhadap dua negara yang terlibat perang dagang Amerika Serikat VS China

The purpose of this study is to analyze how Indonesia's exports and imports compared to the United States and China and to investigate how the exchange rate, labor force, and population influence Indonesia's imports from China and the United States. The results show that Indonesia's exports to the United States and Indonesia's exports to China are 2.02, while the average comparison of Indonesian imports from the United States and Indonesia's imports from China is 1.31. the average is more significant when compared to Indonesia's exports and imports with China. Based on the regression results, the exchange rate variable has a significant negative effect on Indonesia's exports and imports with the United States and China. The labor variable has a significant positive impact on Indonesia's exports and imports to the United States and China. In contrast, the population variable significantly affects Indonesia's exports to the United States. It does not substantially affect Indonesian imports from the United States and does not dramatically affect Indonesia's exports and imports with China.

COMPARISON OF INDONESIA'S EXPORT-IMPORT WITH CHINA AFTER THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE (AoA)

The agricultural sector is the most important sector in the Indonesian and Chinese economies. The role of this sector is not only in international trade activities, but also plays a role in the domestic economy, including food sufficiency. The agricultural policies of Indonesia and China are not only oriented to increasing agricultural productivity for trade purposes but also to improving the standard of living of the people, especially farmers. The flow of economic liberalization brought by the World Trade Organization (WTO) has become a dilemma for Indonesian and Chinese agriculture. On the one hand, the WTO accession decision opens access to wider international trade, but on the other hand, both countries must protect their agriculture through the determination of prices for agricultural products by the government. This paper aims to find out the comparison of Indonesia's exports and imports with China in the field of trade in agricultural products after the implementation of the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) or agricultural agreements which are part of the WTO from January 1, 1995, to the present. The results of the study obtained that the comparison of Indonesia's exports and imports with China was more optimal. From the research results, it can be used as a comparison for the government in determining further policies to get maximum results.

Dampak ACFTA (ASEAN-China Free Trade Area) Terhadap Trade Creation Dan Trade Diversion Indonesia Di Kawasan ACFTA+3

Indonesia terlibat aktif dalam jejaring kerjasama Free Trade Area (FTA), salah satunya dengan menjadi anggota pada ASEAN-China FTA atau dikenal juga dengan ACFTA. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi nilai impor Indonesia dan mengetahui dampak ACFTA terhadap trade creation dan trade diversion Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan model panel data dengan data sekunder selama periode tahun 2000 hingga 2018 yang dikumpulkan dari WITS, WORLD BANK, UNCTAD, dan CEPII. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa setelah ACFTA diberlakukan, nilai impor Indonesia dari negara-negara anggota ACFTA mengalami kenaikan. Nilai impor Indonesia secara signifikan dipengaruhi secara positif oleh GDP per kapita Indonesia, GDP per kapita mitra dagang (negara ACFTA+3), dan jarak ekonomi antar negara. Sementara nilai tukar riil antar negara berpengaruh negatif terhadap nilai impor Indonesia. Secara keseluruhan Indonesia diduga mengalami kerugian dari adanya ACFTA akibat terjadinya trade diversion dari negara non-anggota ke negara-negara anggota di wilayah ACFTA +3.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO, TINGKAT INFLASI, DAN NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH ATAS US DOLLAR TERHADAP IMPOR INDONESIA PERIODE 2010.Q1 – 2017.Q4

This study aims to analyze the effect of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation rate, and the Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) exchange rate to US Dollar on Indonesian imports. The study uses multiple regression equation models using secondary time series data in the period of 2010.Q1 to 2017.Q4. The results showed that the coefficient sign of each regression independent variable (real Gross Domestic Product, inflation rate, and Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) exchange rate on US Dollar) were in accordance with theoretical expectations, and all of these independent variables could explain for 60.3 percent of the diversity of the dependent variable namely imports Indonesia. Both simultaneously and individually all these independent variables significantly influence Indonesia's imports at the level of α = 1%. The real Gross Domestic Product and inflation rate have a positive and significant effect on Indonesian imports, while the Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) exchange rate on US Dollar has a negative and significant effect on Indonesia's imports. Based on the results of the study, in order to control Indonesia's imports in the future, a policy should be guarantee the availability of various imported substitution products, easy to obtain, and can compete with imported products. Thus the impact of the increase in Gross Domestic Product, an increase in the inflation rate, and the appreciation of the rupiah against the increase in Indonesian imports will be controlled.

Analysis Relationship of Imported Rice with Rice Production, Imported and Domestic Rice Prices with VECM

Rice is the main food for most Indonesians. With much natural resources, Indonesia can naturally fulfill its own rice consumption needs. However, Indonesia actually relies on imports to meet consumption needs. Even Indonesia continues to import while rice production is volatility surplus to maintain domestic rice prices. Based on these problems, this study aims to analyze the relationship of volume of imported rice with rice production, domestic rice prices, and prices of imported rice. The method used is descriptive analysis and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). In the long-term, rice production and domestic rice prices have significant effect on Indonesia's rice import volume. In short-term, rice production and domestic rice prices have significant effect on Indonesian rice import volume. The results of the causality test show that there is a two-way relationship between Indonesian rice import volume and Indonesian production rice. Meanwhile, a one-way relationship occurs when imported rice volumes influenced by prices of domestic rice.

Determinan impor Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to analyze: 1) The development of import values, inflation, exchange rates, FDI, and Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves for the period 1996-2017. 2) The influence of Indonesia's import determinants for the 1996-2017 period. In this study, the type of data used is secondary data based on the period 1996-2017. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis, namely multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate: 1) The average development of imports is 8.68% per year, the average inflation is 10.30% per year, the average development of the rupiah exchange rate against the dollar is 11.17% per year, the average development FDI is 5.66% per year, and the average development of foreign exchange reserves is 11.83% per year. 2) Simultaneously or together inflation, exchange rate, FDI, and foreign exchange reserves have a positive and significant impact on Indonesian imports. Partially, inflation has a positive and significant effect on Indonesian imports, the exchange rate has a negative and significant effect on Indonesian imports, FDI has a positive but not significant effect on Indonesian imports, and foreign exchange reserves have a positive and significant effect on Indonesian imports. Keywords: Imports, Inflation, Exchange rates, Foreign direct investment, Foreign exchange reserves

Comparison of Indonesian Imports Forecasting by Limited Period Using SARIMA Method

The development of Indonesia's imports fluctuate over years. Inability to anticipate such rapid changes can cause economic slump due to inappropriate policy. For instance, recent years imports in rice led to the extermination of rice reserves. The reason is to maintain the market price of rice in Indonesia. To overcome these changes, forecasting the amount of imports should assist the Government in determining the optimum policy. This can be done by utilizing an algorithm to forecast time series data, in this case the amount of imports in the next few months with a high degree of accuracy. This study uses data obtained from the official website of the Indonesian Ministry of Trade. Then, Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) method is applied to forecast the imports. This method is suitable for the interconnected dependent variables, as well as in forecasting seasonal data patterns. The results of the experiment showed that 6-period forecast is the most accurate results compared to forecasting by 16 and 24 periods. The research resulted in the best model, that is ARIMA (0, 1, 3)(0, 1, 1)12 produces forecasting with a MAPE value of 7.210 % or an accuracy rate of 92.790 %. By applying this imports forecast model, the government can have a forward strategic plans such as selectively imports products and carefully decide the amount of the incoming products to Indonesia. Hence, it could maintain or improve the economic condition where local businesses can grow confidently.

ANALISIS KESEIMBANGAN EKSPOR DAN IMPOR CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) INDONESIA

This research aims study is to explain the area of oil palm, the productivity of oil palm, CPO export offers for the year, CPO import demand and the balance of Indonesia CPO export and import. we use time series data for 1981-2014 years and econometrics models in the form of simultaneous equations with 2SLS method. The focus of the study is the balance of Indonesia's CPO export and import for the period 1981-2014 years. Statistical analysis of multiple linear regression using the Shazam 10. F Test Results show that the current domestic CPO prices, current domestic rubber prices, the area of oil palm land in the previous year had a significant effect on land area. Current CPO export prices, current domestic CPO prices, and previous year's oil palm productivity have a significant effect on CPO productivity and the current fertilizer prices have no significant effect. Current CPO export prices, current CPO production and previous year's CPO exports, the current rupiah exchange rate against the dollar today has a significant effect on CPO export offers while the current rupiah against the dollar has no significant effect on export offers. Current CPO import prices, current GDP have a significant effect on CPO import demand while the previous year's import demand had no significant effect on import demand. The CPO export offer of the previous year had a significant effect on the balance of Indonesia's CPO export prices while the rupiah exchange rate against the current dollar, current CPO production, CPO export of the previous year, current year's GDP and import of the previous year had no significant effect on Indonesia's CPO export price balance. Keywords: Land Area, Domestic CPO Production, CPO Productivity, CPO Exports, CPO Imports, Domestic CPO Prices, CPO Export Prices, CPO Import Prices, Rubber Prices, Exchange Rates, GDP and Fertilizer Prices.

Indonesia–Chicken: Tensions between International Trade and Domestic Food Policies?

AbstractThis paper analyzes the dispute Indonesia – Measures Concerning the Importation of Chicken Meat and Chicken Products from a legal-economic perspective. We evaluate alternative explanations for the motive behind Indonesia's import restrictions and conclude that they can be linked to protectionist political-economic motives and are most likely due to a self-sufficiency objective and the legal requirements attached to it. Economically, the import restrictions on chicken and other food products have led to substantial price volatility, and they impose costs on Indonesian consumers and small farmers who are net buyers of food, firms that import certain raw materials, as well as foreign exporters. Therefore, by making food more expensive and less accessible, they could reduce food security. We also argue that an additional issue with the goal of self-sufficiency in Indonesia is lack of comparative advantage in some food items, including chicken meat and chicken products. Legally, although the Panel highlighted that self-sufficiency is a legitimate policy objective that as such does not lead to a violation of WTO law, the Indonesia–Chicken case leads to the question of whether, in practice, it is feasible to implement a self-sufficiency target resorting only to WTO-compliant policies. Finally, we discuss potential alternative economic policies and examine whether Indonesia could have attained its food self-sufficiency objective in a WTO-consistent manner.

Indonesia–Import Licensing Regimes: GATT Rules for Agricultural Trade?

AbstractThis paper examines two disputes brought by the United States and New Zealand in response to a series of import sanctions for agricultural products imposed by the Indonesian government to promote food self-sufficiency. We document the heterogeneous effect the sanctioning measures had on Indonesia's partners. We argue that Indonesia's import licensing regimes acted as a high, sometimes prohibitive, fixed cost of exporting. Frequent changes of regulation provided additional challenges and increased the costs of exporting. These properties determined the differential impacts of Indonesia's measures where some sustained significant market losses while other large exporters, in particular Australia, following a short decline strengthened their market position and export levels.

Designing model of performance measurement system of sugar industry cluster based on integrated performance measurement system approach

The Indonesian need for sugar is not balanced with domestic sugar production. This is reinforced by the fact that Indonesia is still a sugar importing country since the 1990s. Since 2010 - 2014, Indonesia's import value reaches 1.7 million US $ every year. This situation indicates mismatch with the roadmap of the sugar industry which is expected by 2015 to 2020. East Java as one of the largest contributor of Indonesian sugar with a contribution percentage of 52.31% of the overall national production has an important role in the development of the sugar industry. Therefore, a comprehensive sugar industry cluster development strategy is needed to be developed. The design of performance measurement system with Integrated Performance Measurement System (IPMS) approach was chosen by selecting PT 'X' as the core agent. The research stages are identification of sugar industry cluster system, stakeholder requirement and objective, Key Performance Indicator (KPI) formulation and model development. Development of performance measurement model by determining aspects and criteria of success of industrial cluster, weighting on each element using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and designing scoring board to facilitate implementation. There were 4 aspects in performance measurement, 9 criteria, 3 sub criteria and 45 KPI’s.

TRADE CREATION DAN TRADE DIVERSION ANTARA INDONESIA DAN NEGARA-NEGARA ASEAN-KOREA

Indonesia has several free trade agreements with trading partners that aimed to eliminate tariff and non tariff trade barriers. One of the free trade agreements is ASEAN-Korea FTA. Trade agreement in goods in ASEAN-Korea FTA was agreed since 2007 and now it is entering the implementation phase. The objective of this research is to determine whether the ASEAN-Korea FTA would increase the trade flows between Indonesia and ASEAN-Korea’ countries by analyzing the impact of regional integration on trade creation and trade diversion. This research is utilized balance panel data including 13 countries from 1998-2012. The empirical result shows that all Indonesia's trading sectors experienced decline because of trade diversion and trade creation does not occur. Indonesia's import trading with the non-member countries of ASEAN-Korea is 68% lower than the existing trading. Key word: trade creation, trade diversion, free trade agreement, trade in goods