Eastern Of Indonesia Research Articles

Characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacy personnel in supporting tuberculosis treatment: A multicenter cross-sectional study in a high-burden tuberculosis country

BackgroundPositive roles of community pharmacy in tuberculosis (TB) care have been widely reported. However, the actual practice of supporting TB treatment is not optimal yet. ObjectivesWe analyzed the current practice of community pharmacy personnel and its factors in supporting the successful treatment of TB patients in Indonesia, aiming to develop strategies for effective and sustainable TB practice models for the community pharmacy. MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional survey in 3 areas representing Indonesia's eastern, central, and western parts. Development and validation of the questionnaire were conducted to assess 4 domains, that is, characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practice of community pharmacy personnel in supporting the successful treatment of TB patients. Data were collected with purposive convenience sampling using online and offline questionnaires. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize factors in each domain, while binary logistic regression was used to analyze the associated factors of the practice. ResultsThirty-five questionnaire items indicated a valid instrument, and the study successfully included 844 participants who comprised pharmacists (n = 473, 56%) and pharmacy assistants (n = 371, 44%). Although most of the knowledge items were correctly answered by more than 60% of the participants, items related to TB signs, risk groups, drug regimens, and medicine uses were still less than 60%. This was in line with exposure to updated TB training in only 51% of the participants (n = 426). Most of the participants had a positive attitude toward their professional role (n = 736, 87%), capability (n = 646, 77%), and consequences (n = 655, 78%) in supporting TB treatment. However, this was not aligned with the actual practice of supporting TB treatment, intensively performed by only 1.3% of participants (n = 11). We identified several factors associated with the practice, that is, a pharmacy assistant background (P < 0.05), short working time (P < 0.05), experience in TB training (P < 0.001), and a positive attitude (P < 0.001). ConclusionThis study highlighted a limited number of community pharmacy personnel intensively practicing as TB treatment supporters in Indonesia. An interventional package considering the identified factors is needed to develop effective and sustainable practices in the real world.

Seasonal Variation of Rainfall in Indonesia under Normal Conditions without ENSO and IOD Events from 1981-2021

This study explores the seasonal rainfall variation in Indonesia under normal conditions, excluding the influence of El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events. Monthly rainfall data is sourced from the CHIRPS dataset, and wind and atmospheric movement data are obtained from the ECMWF ERA-5 dataset. Identification of normal conditions relies on the ONI and DMI indices. Results reveal that the seasonal rainfall patterns during these normal conditions align with previous studies encompassing all atmospheric conditions. Indonesia typically witnesses one or two peaks in rainfall annually, notably in December-January-February (DJF), May-June (MJ), and March-April-May (MAM), consistent with established rainfall zone classifications in earlier research. A nuanced discrepancy emerges in the timing of the May-June peak, previously noted in June-July. The congruence in peak rainfall patterns during normal conditions, as observed in prior comprehensive research, implies a negligible influence of ENSO and IOD on the timing of seasonal rainfall peaks. Although ENSO and IOD may impact the amplitude of seasonal variation, particularly in Indonesia's eastern and western regions, they do not alter the temporal occurrence of rainfall peaks. Consequently, the timing of rainfall peaks in Indonesia predominantly reflects the combined influence of the Asian and Australian monsoons.

Description scleractinian coral from Miang Island, East Kalimantan

The exact number of coral species in Indonesia is not unclear yet, in 2002 the coral taxonomist, JEN Veron, stated 590 species, and it was supported by an Indonesian coral taxonomist, Suharsono, eight years later. The current coral species data is 605 but it is from Coral Triangle Region area (CT). The eastern of Indonesia, which is located in the Coral Triangle Region, has received a lot of attention from coral researchers, due to coral species that have been described. On the other hand, the coral reef from the western part of Indonesia, including in the East Kalimantan, has not been explored much in recent times. Through the ecoregion view, E. Kalimantan region is clustered into ecoregion 43 (Sulu Sea) which has 540 coral species. Miang Island is one of the inhabited islands from E. Kalimantan, and has an unexplored coral reef ecosystem. The method had been used in this research is descriptive, which uses photos of live corals to describe colony characteristics corals. The results of the study have described 36 species of coral and several invertebrates that make up coral reefs on Miang Island.Keywords:Hard coralAcroporaPoritesIdentificationPulau Miang

The Determinant Factors of Poverty in Eastern Indonesia: Evidence from 12 Provinces

This study aims to analyze the factors forming the number of poor people in Eastern Indonesia. Panel data regression was utilized as the analysis approach, with a cross-section comprising 12 provinces in Indonesia's Eastern Region from 2010 to 2018. This study will examine the effect of total government spending on education, government spending on health, labor force participation rate, regional minimum wage, investment, and the Gini index on poverty in Eastern Indonesia. The results showed that government spending on health and regional minimum wages had a negative effect on the number of poor people in Eastern Indonesia. The number of poor people in Eastern Indonesia will decrease if the realization of government spending on health and the determination of regional minimum wages increases. The increase in the realization of government spending in the health sector indicates that regional policies on the allocation of health spending have been carried out in a proportional, efficient, and effective manner so that they are right on target. Meanwhile, government expenditure on education, investment, labor force participation rates, and the Gini index has no effect on the number of poor people in Eastern Indonesia.

The effect of port development on coastal water quality: Evidence of eutrophication states in Indonesia

Developing transport infrastructure must involve a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis, and accounting for environmental quality changes associated with such an infrastructure is one important aspect that can help complete this problem. In this study, we used difference-in-difference to estimate coastal water quality changes, measured by the Chlorophyll-a concentration, related to port development in Indonesia over the last decade. Using unique MODIS-derived monthly water quality data, we found that the presence of a local small port causes a 1.7% increase in Chlorophyll-a in coastal areas within 6 km of the port. The effects are concentrated in the first two months of operation, and there is also evidence for anticipation effects associated with the construction period. We found a greater effect in Indonesia's eastern regions, which rely on small ports for their local activities. Furthermore, we argue that the effect can be substantial in a larger port, despite posing a limited risk on marine pollution.

Spatial Spillover Effect of East Java Economic Growth

The present study tries to examine the strategic role of East Java’s economic performance toward national level in spatial-based development. In spatial views, the economics of East Java statistically significant to improve economic growth in the neighboring area or provinces, and also support the East Java’s economic growth itself. The methodology uses for the present study consists of two methods, that are Inter-Regional Input-Output (IRIO) and Spatial Econometrics. First, the IRIO analysis shows the existing of Inter-Regional Spillover Effect in economics of East Java Province. Next, the authors examine if the economy of East Java Province experiences positive growth, it will encourage output growth in Java Island and improve the value added in eastern of Indonesia. Second, the result of SDM confirm that the existing of spatial spillover effect in Inter-Regional Economic of East Java Province. The result confirms the key role to boost economic growth of district/cities in East Java Province, is not only influenced by the region itself (local economy) but also support by spatial interactions with other regions (neighborhood or neighbors). The present study also finds that the neighboring GDRP per capita with other determinants i.e., capital, share of the agriculture sector, share of manufacturing industry and share of the service sector and local government spending have a significant effect on enhancing economic growth in East Java Province. The authors note that it is necessary to consider a spatial framework and approach. One of the policy recommendations in order to encourage economic growth in East Java is to strengthen the Local Value Chain (LVC) in strategic sectors, especially by encouraging inter-regional cooperation.

Customary criminal law in the Eastern of Indonesia: the special autonomy Province of Papua

Autonomy is often seen as an institutional instrument to manage sub state nationalist conflict. Its implementation is also a key in determining its impact on conflict. After the reform period 1999 “Autonomy and Decentralization” in Indonesia are widely welcomed. While Papua is an inseparable part of special autonomy in Indonesia. Papua as a former Dutch territory which was later handed over to Indonesia has many advantages, both in terms of culture, customary law and natural resources. But on the other hand, the fact is that the indigenous Papuan people does not agree to join as part of Indonesian territory. This rejection was accompanied by separatist actions based on their interest mentioned in the memorandum for Papuan independence. This research is the first to aim to measure whether the special autonomy given to Papua has been effectively carried out in an effort to defend Papua as a part of Indonesia. Second, in the application of this special autonomy related to the existent of customary criminal law in papua. The research used normative legal research by statute approach, the data collected through library research and also analysed used descriptive qualitative. So it is concluded that the application of the special autonomy given to Papua has a big impact on democracy in Indonesia, as well as the Papua regional government given specialization in managing its regional potential. Although there are still problems in its implementation.

Regional disparities in postnatal care among mothers aged 15-49 years old: An analysis of the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 2017

Background: In Indonesia, maternal mortality remains high, significantly 61.59% occur in the postnatal period. Postnatal care (PNC) provision is a critical intervention between six hours and 42 days after childbirth and is the primary strategy to reduce maternal mortality rates. However, underutilisation of PNC in Indonesia still remains high, and limited studies have shown the regional disparities of PNC in Indonesia. Methods: This study aims to explore the gaps between regions in PNC service for mothers who have had live births during the last five years in Indonesia. This study was a secondary data analysis study using the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017. A total of 13,901 mothers aged 15-49 years having had live births within five years were included. Chi-squared test and binary logistic regression were performed to determine regional disparities in PNC. Results: Results indicated that the prevalence of PNC service utilisation among mothers aged 15-49 years was 70.94%. However, regional gaps in the utilisation of PNC service were indicated. Mothers in the Central of Indonesia have used PNC services 2.54 times compared to mothers in the Eastern of Indonesia (OR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.77-3.65, p&lt;0.001). Apart from the region, other variables have a positive relationship with PNC service, including wealth quintile, accessibility health facilities, age of children, childbirth order, mother's education, maternal occupation, spouse's age, and spouse's education. Conclusion: The results suggest the need for national policy focuses on service equality, accessible, and reliable implementation to improve postnatal care utilisation among mothers to achieve the maximum results for the Indonesian Universal Health Coverage plan.

Regional disparities in postnatal care among mothers aged 15-49 years old: An analysis of the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 2017

Background: In Indonesia, maternal mortality remains high, significantly 61.59% occur in the postnatal period. Postnatal care (PNC) provision is a critical intervention between six hours and 42 days after childbirth and is the primary strategy to reduce maternal mortality rates. However, underutilisation of PNC in Indonesia still remains high, and limited studies have shown the regional disparities of PNC in Indonesia.Methods: This study aims to explore the gaps between regions in PNC service for mothers who have had live births during the last five years in Indonesia. This study was a secondary data analysis study using the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017. A total of 13,901 mothers aged 15-49 years having had live births within five years were included. Chi-squared test and binary logistic regression were performed to determine regional disparities in PNC.Results: Results indicated that the prevalence of PNC service utilisation among mothers aged 15-49 years was 70.94%. However, regional gaps in the utilisation of PNC service were indicated. Mothers in the Central of Indonesia have used PNC services 2.54 times compared to mothers in the Eastern of Indonesia (OR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.77-3.65, p<0.001). Apart from the region, other variables have a positive relationship with PNC service, including wealth quintile, accessibility health facilities, age of children, childbirth order, mother's education, maternal occupation, spouse's age, and spouse's education.Conclusion: The results suggest the need for national policy focuses on service equality, accessible, and reliable implementation to improve postnatal care utilisation among mothers to achieve the maximum results for the Indonesian Universal Health Coverage plan.

Hubungan Jenis Plasmodium falciparum dan Plasmodium vivax dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Pasien Malaria di RSUD Ratu Aji Putri Botung Penajam Paser Utara

Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium infection that is still a health problem in the tropical area including Indonesia. Penajam Paser Utara is the only district with a high level of malaria endemicity outside eastern of Indonesia which is located at the Province of East Kalimantan. Malaria can cause various complications including haematological abnormalities. Haematological abnormalities that are often found in both falciparum malaria and vivax malaria is anaemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the types of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax with the incidence of anaemia in malaria patients at Ratu Aji Putri Botung, Penajam Paser Utara hospital. This research is an observational analytic study with cross sectional method. The data was obtained from medical records of hospitalized malaria patients at Ratu Aji Putri Botung Penajam Paser Utara hospital in the period of January 2013 – August 2018 by purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The subjects of the study were 310 malaria patients consisting of 60,3% (n=187) patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum and 39,7% (n=123) patients infected with Plasmodium vivax. The majority of research subjects were male (95,8%) and were in the 26 – 40 years age group (56,5%). Anaemia was found in 49% of malaria patients dominated by vivax malaria patients (52%). Statistical test result between types of Plasmodium with the incidence of anaemia was p = 0,391. It was concluded that there was no association between the types of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax with the incidence of anaemia in malaria patients.

Escalation: Assemblage, archive, animation

ABSTRACT In the uncertain early 2000s when violence between Muslims and Christians racked the Malukan islands on Indonesia's eastern edge, a handful of Protestant ministers waged an iconoclastic attack on a museum collection dedicated to Seram Island's ancestral headhunting culture and centred upon statues and portraits of mythical war captains. I track the heterogeneous sites and incidents that came together in the attack, including the animation of the museum's headhunter collection, as the past exceeded the ways in which it had been previously engaged and managed materially, existentially, and in its effects. Drawing on understandings of assemblage, archive, and cinematic animation, I explore the regime of secrecy and revelation that constituted the driving force behind the museum's continually expanding collection, was embedded in the complex of buildings and artifacts of which the museum forms a part, and entailed in its aesthetic and museographic practices. Taken together, they intimate how escalation, in this ethnographic example, was an always present potentiality – one that became disclosed when headhunting's secrets burst into the world with devastating consequences. What enabled these events, among other factors, was the materiality of the collection and the matter of scale or, more precisely, the visibility of scale such that it is deemed capable of attracting the gaze – directing attention within the spiralling inter-religious violence and turmoil to the headhunter statues and portraits of the museum, triggering a ‘crisis of faith’ in its director, and leaving torn canvases and broken statues in its wake.

The potential use of satellite gravity data for oil prospecting in Tanimbar Basin, Eastern Indonesia

One way to increase oil and gas production in Indonesia is through the geophysical study for new deposits in Basins frontier, i.e., Tanimbar basin in Province of Maluku, Eastern of Indonesia. The Tanimbar basin is located in an area known as the Outer Banda Arc. Gravity is a usually geophysical method used for the sedimentary basin. But for the regional scale, the method requires an expensive cost and long time-consuming. In this research, we use the satellite gravity data provided by Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego. This data has a low resolution of 1.5 km for 1 pixel and also free access. The satellite data will be compared with the gravity ground survey. The data was acquired by the University of London and Bandung Institute of Technology in 1987. The gravity satellite can show a more contrasting of geological structure compared to the ground survey, as well as syncline and anticline; the anomaly is indicated by the relatively high Bouguer data (3.5 to 25 mGal). The high anomaly is also influenced by tectonic activity from inner and Outer Banda Arc that exists in eastern Indonesia. The sub-sedimentary basin is represented by the low Bouguer anomalies (-40 to -25 mGal) that correlated well to ground survey data. Based on the result, it can be concluded; the satellite gravity is potentially used for delineating the sedimentary basin in Tanimbar Island.

Geophysical approach to improve well correlation and stratigraphy package in the frontier area: example case of Upper Jurassic Fm. Semai Basin, Eastern Indonesia

Well correlation needs to be done carefully in the exploration phase. In this study, due to a limited biostratigraphy data, the alternatives approaches to improve the well correlation were conducted. The approach is known as an Integrated Prediction Error Filter Analysis (INPEFA). The method generates a predicted Gamma Ray (GR) log based on the auto-regressive model. INPEFA generate and extract major sequence information curve and give the clue to the interpreter to get the general frame of correlation. INPEFA curve idea is related with sedimentation cycle where the package of sediment consists of para-sequence set and the para-sequence is formed by lamination, and so on. This phenomenon is known as an order of sequences. For the case study, the method is applied in to the frontier block located in Semai basin in the eastern of Indonesia. Six wells are included in to the analysis to be correlated by combining limited biostratigraphy data and INPEFA curve. The results conclude that the correlations from five wells have identical of eustasy cycle pattern, and validated by biostratigraphy marker. The correlation also show that the thickness of reservoir sandstone in the Upper Jurassic Formation increase to the north direction.

Influence of the positive Indian Ocean Dipole in 2012 and El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO) in 2015 on The Indonesian Rainfall Variability

Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO) are coupled ocean – atmosphere variability in the Indo – Pacific Oceans that play important roles to the Indonesian rainfall variability. This study is focused on the influence of the positive IOD in 2012 and El Niño in 2015 on the rainfall in Indonesia using satellite-derived precipitation data. Sea surface temperature (SST), rainfall and wind components, are analyzed to evaluate the detailed evaluation of those events. The results show that, in 2012, the positive IOD develops in July - October and reaches its peak in September. During the positive IOD in 2012, there is a negative SST anomaly in the eastern Indian Ocean (western Sumatra). This causes a shift in the warm water pool to the western Indian Ocean. This shifted warm pool is accompanied by a shift in the convective region, leading to deareased rainfall in the western Sumatra. Mean while, in 2015, El-Niño started to develop from July to November. Negative anomalies of rainfall in the transition period II and the east monsoon season are in line with the SST elevation in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean. So that the eastern and central of the Pacific Ocean become to center of low pressure which causes the air in the eastern Pacific Ocean to upward (convection) which will form a clouds that contain water, so that the eastern and central of the Pacific Ocean will experience an increase in the amount of rainfall while in the western of the Pacific Ocean or the eastern of Indonesia will experience a rainfall deficit.

Mitigation and adaptation to climate change on among stakeholder for sustainability: Evaluation a regional multistakeholder for an approach of the role of disaster risk management

Mitigation of Climate Change can contribute to reducing vulnerability and risk to natural and technological disasters. Increased disasters from climate change, already taking attention many countries to reduce their vulnerability to weather and climatic hazards, such as floods, cyclones, heatwaves and droughts. This paper aims to evaluate the Multi Stakeholder Fora (MSF) on Climate Change in Eastern of Indonesia. MSF in Eastern of Indonesia is established as a learning and collaboration forum to manage the different perspective of all stakeholders in the field of social, economics (business), legal, politics and governance and gathering their common strength to deal with the impact of climate change to contribute in disaster risk reduction. The scale and quality of stakeholder involvement in the elaboration of a climate-resilient development strategy will determine its legitimacy, the feasibility of its financing and the effectiveness of its implementation. This calls for a multi-stakeholder approach that involves public officials, businesses, and individual citizens in the definition of the issues and in the identification of the solutions, and which also empowers them to sustain their own livelihoods and aspirations by acting on their capacities.

The Distribution Level of Certified Vocational Teacher in Eastern of Indonesia

The Distribution Level of Certified Vocational Teacher in Eastern of Indonesia

Repositioning dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Merek (Brand Awareness)

Indonesia is a country rich in diversity batik spread across the country ranging from batik Cirebon, Pekalongan, Solo, Yogyakarta to Ubud in eastern of Indonesia. The entire batik has high economic potential not only domestically but also abroad. One of the main perpetrators of batik industry in Indonesia Batik Semar was founded by Somadi and Niniek Elia Kasigit 1947 as the brand's first batik in Indonesia.&#x0D; With the growth of the batik industry is very high, as well as the situation of intense competition resulted in Batik Semar keeps getting overlooked for the Batik Semar should have the right strategy and interesting to be able to continue to be people awareness. Batik Semar pursuing a strategy of repositioning from a old brand be able to build a brand that is traditional and cotemporary potential of batik as the nation's cultural heritage and develop it in the global fashion industry.

EVALUATION OF COREMAP PHASE 2 IN THE EASTERN INDONESIA BASED ON THE CHANGES IN CORAL COVERAGE

COREMAP (Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program) is a long-term program initiated by the Government of Indonesia to enhance the welfare of the coastal communities by protecting, rehabilitating, and achieving sustainable use of the Indonesian coral reefs and their associated ecosystems. COREMAP is three phases planned program. The first phase was launched in 1998 and finished in 2004. Phase 2 began in 2006 and ended in 2011. The last phase has started since the end of 2014 and will finish in 2019. One of the performance indicators of COREMAP phase 2 (COREMAP 2) was a significant improvement of live coral cover in 80% of all sampling sites. The aims of this study are to find out and evaluate the trend of live coral cover during COREMAP 2. Annual monitoring of coral reefs was conducted in all sites of COREMAP 2 in the eastern Indonesia. Those sites were: Pangkep, Selayar, Buton, Wakatobi, Sikka, Biak Numfor and Raja Ampat. Permanent transects were applied at each site. Life-form of benthic data including hard corals was collected using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method and surveyed using SCUBA diving equipment. The result indicates that all sites, except Biak Numfor, demonstrate improvement in live coral cover during COREMAP 2. In contrast, live coral cover in Biak Numfor shows a decline due primarily to storm damage, destruction by bombs, some bleaching, and predation by Acanthaster planci. An increase in live coral covers in six out of seven sites during COREMAP 2indicates that the activities of COREMAP 2 (e.g. public awareness, community-based MCS, alternative livelihood) has a positive impact on the management of coral reefs in the Eastern of Indonesia.

STUDI PENGGUNAAN PACKING PLANT PADA DISTRIBUSI SEMEN DI KALIMANTAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE TRANSSHIPMENT: STUDI KASUS PT SEMEN GRESIK

As the largest cement producer in Indonesia, PT Semen Gresik Group has a distribution network spread across West and the eastern of Indonesia and dominate the national cement market share of about 45%. To support the distribution of velocitythroughout the whole country, a strategic step to do is build a packing plant in the area of distribution. The results of the annual analysis, moving closer packing plant to the distribution area can be a solution for efficiency of the transportation costs up to 43%compared to the situation before, and it will be the company's long-term strategic plan. This research will be carried out optimization of the allocation of cement distribution network in the Kalimantan. Designing a distribution network allocation transshipmentmodel is the development of transport in linear programming models with the help of QM for Windows software. The expected output is the formation of an optimal distribution network with the minimum total cost. To determine the cost efficiency with the packing plant, the optimization model is made will be running four times as much computing. There are four scenarios used without removing the packing plant, with a packing plant in Banjarmasin, a packing plant in Banjarmasin and Pontianak, as well as a packing plant in Banjarmasin, Pontianak and Samarinda. The result of the four scenarios is known that with the packing plant can generate cost efficiencies by. By including the cost of investment in distribution and transportation costs in mind that in 2020, a third scenario could save Rp 127,229,422,000,-per year than it is without building a packing plant Rp 1,002,443,597,600 to Rp 850,446,425,600.

Pelagic shark fisheries of Indonesia's Eastern Indian Ocean Fisheries Management Region

Sharks are commonly caught in Indonesian waters both by target fisheries and as bycatch. Fishers targeting sharks mostly employ drift longlines, whereas tuna longlines and gillnets are the gear mostly responsible for shark bycatch. Our studies on shark fisheries have been conducted since 2006 and have focused on the eastern Indian Ocean region, the most exploited area in Indonesian waters. Sharks are mostly landed as bycatch in the tuna fishery (using longlines and gillnets) in Cilacap, Central Java province, and as targeted catch by the pelagic shark fishery at Tanjung Luar (Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara province), one of the largest targeted shark fisheries in Indonesia. Eight years (2006–2013) of monthly shark bycatch data from the fishing port at Cilacap and one year (February 2012–January 2013) of daily catch data from Tanjung Luar were analysed to determine their respective contributions to shark landings in Indonesia's Eastern Indian Ocean Fisheries Management Region. A total catch of 1 364 t of sharks was recorded at Cilacap, with an average monthly catch of 14.2 t (SD 18.5). A total of 1 426 sharks were recorded at Tanjung Luar, with an average daily catch of five individuals. Whaler sharks (Carcharhinidae) were the most commonly caught in both fisheries, consisting primarily of silky sharks Carcharhinus falciformis in the targeted fishery and blue sharks Prionace glauca in the tuna fishery. Overall, the Cilacap bycatch contributed 4.7% of the annual shark landings in the region. In 2012, the fishery at Tanjung Luar contributed 5.2% of the regional shark landings. The relatively low recorded contributions of these two fisheries may be inaccurate and may reflect double‑counting at the provincial level. Given the different shark species composition, the two fisheries require different management and conservation strategies to be included in Indonesia's National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA‑Sharks).