Indonesian Elementary School Research Articles

Implementasi Kuruikulum Merdeka Belajar di Sekolah Dasar

This research aims to analyze the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Indonesian elementary schools, taking into account various factors such as teacher understanding, school readiness, and student and parent responses. The research method used is literature study, which involves reviewing written sources, such as scientific journals and proceedings, to obtain relevant data and information. The research results show that the Independent Curriculum provides freedom for teachers and students in the learning process, but its implementation is faced with various obstacles, including difficulties in developing appropriate learning and assessment tools. Nevertheless, the Merdeka Curriculum is expected to be able to improve the quality of education by creating a more flexible and relevant learning environment. This research concludes that continuous evaluation and adjustments are needed to overcome existing challenges, so that the Merdeka Curriculum can make a positive contribution to character development and the potential of students and creating the next generation who are ready to face global challenges.

Accountability management system of superior elementary school for digital transformation

The purpose of this research is to find out i) the quality of the accountability management system of superior schools, ii) elementary school digital transformation capabilities, and iii) the relationship between the quality of the accountability management system for superior schools and the digital transformation capabilities of elementary schools in Indonesia. The research approach used is quantitative. The research location is in public elementary schools in Malang City. The population of this research is all 195 public elementary schools. The research sample is 22 public elementary schools. The research subjects were school principals, class teachers, and subject teachers totaling 51 people. Data collection is done by using a questionnaire. Elementary schools with superior school accountability management systems have the ability to drive their digital transformation capabilities. Excellent school accountability management systems and school digital transformation capabilities guarantee equal access to education for all students. Implications for improving teaching and learning are also discussed in this paper. The variables studied can be used to determine the priority scale for planning, implementing and evaluating superior school accountability management systems in digital transformation, in increasing teacher competency.

Indonesian Teachers’ Perspectives on Gender Representation in EFL Textbook Visual Images for Elementary Schools

Background: The use of gendered visual imagery in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) textbooks has raised concerns about perpetuating gender stereotypes and the potential effect on students' conceptions of gender roles. Despite the widespread use of mandated textbooks in primary classrooms in Indonesia, less is known about instructors' perceptions of gendered visual imagery. Methodology: This qualitative research employed a mixed-methods approach, incorporating quantitative and qualitative data collection and analytic methodologies. An investigation was conducted in Samarinda East Kalimantan to collect the perspectives of 41 teachers who teach English in elementary school regarding the gendered visual representations present in the mandatory EFL textbooks. Furthermore, 12 teachers were chosen to partake in exhaustive interviews to present more informed and profound perspectives. Findings: They merely focused on how to teach the materials rather than scrutinizing the gender bias represented through texts and visual images. The study revealed that a significant proportion of teachers (80%) believed that gendered visual imagery in textbooks was not impartial and could influence the gender roles of pupils. Furthermore, a significant majority (75%) said they often adjusted or avoided using these pictures in their teaching methods. The interviews highlighted the teachers' concern about the possible negative impact of these pictures on students' social relationships and self-image. However, they merely focused on how to teach the materials rather than scrutinizing the gender bias represented through texts and visual images Conclusion: The findings suggest that elementary school teachers in Indonesia know the potential negative repercussions of gendered visual images in EFL textbooks and have implemented measures to mitigate these effects. The study underscores the importance of incorporating diverse and inclusive visual materials into educational resources to promote gender equality and positive gender representations. This concept is new to them. They agree that gender equality needs to be addressed and discussed as part of the content in classroom practices to raise students’ awareness of gender bias. Originality: Previous studies have investigated the frequency and occurrence of gender bias in textbooks, found in images and texts. However, there is a lack of investigation into teachers' awareness of gender stereotypes in textbooks. This study enhances the existing corpus of literature by examining the perspectives of teachers on the use of gendered visual images in EFL textbooks in elementary schools in Indonesia. It emphasizes the importance of teachers and policymakers advocating for more inclusive educational resources and considering the impact of visual materials on students' gender perceptions

Transformative Sustainable Education Approach as Environmental Literacy Transformation: Case Study of Ecosystem Material in Elementary Schools

The adiwiyata program has been implemented in several elementary schools in Indonesia, but its implementation has yet to be integrated into learning. The objectives of this research are: 1) To find out the implementation of the Transformative Sustainable Education (TSE) approach in Natural and Social Science (NSS) learning; 2) To find out whether the implementation of the TSE approach is effective in improving students' environmental literacy. This TSE approach is implemented in natural and social sciences learning. This research used an experimental method with pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study were 5th grade students of MIN 2 Bantul which consisted of class A and class B. The sample was selected by cluster random sampling and the students were selected. The sample was selected by cluster random sampling and class A of 29 was selected as the experimental class and class B of 28 as the control class. The instruments used in this study include observation sheets of learning implementation with the TSE approach and environmental literacy observation sheets. The results showed that: 1) The TSE approach was implemented with a percentage of 95% in the very good category; 2) The TSE approach was effective in improving environmental literacy in the medium category.

SLR: Discovering STEAM Integrated Science Disciplines for Learning Planning for Primary School Students in Indonesia Towards the Era of Society 5.0

This research aims to find elements related to STEAM from 100 Google Scholar indexed articles resulting from scientific research. Elements related to STEAM can be implemented in elementary school students in facing the era of society 5.0. The method used in this research is the SLR (Literature Review System) PCR model (Planning, Conducting, Reporting) with the aim of systematically reviewing the literature to find elements related to STEAM based on research results from the last 7 years (2017-2024). The research results showed that other elements were compared with STEAM, such as language, social sciences, economics, religion, culture and literacy with the terms STREAM, SELAMeT, STREAME, STELAM and STEAMS and were even used as a basis for curriculum development such as in South Korea with the term WS-STEAM . Based on these findings, there are elements that can be used as a reference in developing learning plans in elementary schools towards the era of society 5.0 which are in accordance with the national basic education curriculum, especially in elementary schools in Indonesia, namely language, social (including culture and economics in social science learning ), religious, and literacy.

Implementation of Independent Curriculum for Elementary Schools in Indonesian Schools Abroad

The curriculum is an important guideline in the learning process, especially the Independent Curriculum is a curriculum designed to recover post-pandemic learning. This study aims to determine the implementation of the independent curriculum in elementary schools in Indonesia and Indonesian schools abroad which includes planning, implementation, and constraints and strategies. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a comparative approach. Data were collected using interviews, observations, document analysis, and literature studies. The data were analyzed using an interactive model of Miles & Huberman. The results of the study show that planning the implementation of the independent curriculum involves the preparation of learning tools such as learning outcomes (CP), learning objectives (TP), learning objectives (ATP), and teaching modules, as well as holding training, workshops, and In House Training (IHT) to improve teacher competence. The implementation of the curriculum in Indonesia has been running comprehensively since the 2023/2024 school year, while abroad it will start in 2022. The main obstacles include lack of teacher knowledge and training, teacher readiness, school support, and student diversity, as well as the lack of human resources and access to information abroad. To overcome these obstacles, ongoing training for teachers and adequate facilities and infrastructure are needed, along with innovative strategies such as the use of technology in learning.

The Development of Interactive Learning Media for Islamic Religious Education in Elementary Schools in Indonesia

In today’s digital era, conventional teaching methods often fail to captivate students, making interactive media a promising solution. Interactive media combines visual, audio, and participatory elements, providing a more engaging and effective learning experience. The development process includes analyzing student needs and curriculum, selecting appropriate technology, creating interactive content, conducting trials, and evaluating effectiveness. This study uses a qualitative approach. Primary data sources in qualitative research are the words of the interview results obtained from primary data including respondents from teachers and students in SDMT Ponorogo. Data collection is carried out by means of snowball sampling. The data collection technique in this study is through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The data obtained during the study, both primary and secondary data are then processed and analyzed using Miles and Huberman model. The validity test of data in qualitative research includes tests, credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The article highlights the benefits of interactive media, including increased student motivation, improved understanding of abstract religious concepts, and the development of critical thinking skills. This approach not only modernizes religious education but also ensures that students remain interested and actively involved in learning. Through proper testing and implementation, interactive media can significantly enhance the quality of Islamic Religious Education at SDMT Ponorogo. The developed media, which consists of animated videos, interactive quizzes, and educational games, is able to make the learning process more engaging and increase student engagement.

Exploring elementary school student's understanding and experience of pancasila values in using the tiktok application: a qualitative study

This research aims to explore elementary school students' understanding and experience of Pancasila values in using the TikTok application. The background to this research focuses on the increasingly dominant influence of social media in children's lives and the need to understand how Pancasila values are internalized in the digital era. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and participatory observation. Participants in this study consisted of 30 students in grades 4 to 6 from three elementary schools in Indonesia, as well as their parents and teachers. The research results show that students have a theoretical understanding of Pancasila values, but their application in using TikTok is still limited. Students are more likely to be exposed to entertainment content than educational content that reflects Pancasila values. Parents and teachers play an important role in supervising and guiding students' use of TikTok. However, further efforts are needed to bridge the gap between understanding and practicing Pancasila values on social media. The conclusions of this research emphasize the importance of a holistic approach in teaching Pancasila values, by using social media wisely. Social Learning Theory highlights the importance of observation, imitation, and self-efficacy in this learning process. With collaboration between educators, parents and content creators, TikTok can be used as an effective tool to educate and internalize Pancasila values in students.

EFL TEACHING IN INDONESIA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL: INSIGHTS INTO GENERATION Z

With an emphasis on the needs of students in Generation Z, this study investigates the English instruction methods used at Elementary School in Indonesia. This study examines the materials and approaches utilized to successfully teach English, which is becoming increasingly important in today's globalized society. To further understand instructional strategies and student involvement, the study incorporates observations from classrooms as well as instructor interviews. The study, which was divided into two stages, featured observations of The teacher's class and an interview with her. The need for more participatory teaching techniques, a lack of resources, and constrained learning time are among the major issues that have been noted. The school uses the Cambridge curriculum, but it also takes Indonesia's Merdeka curriculum into account. It suggests incorporating more interactive exercises, such as games, to maintain students' interest. The results emphasize how crucial it is to modify teaching strategies to fit the demands of contemporary students and provide a welcoming environment where English can be learned successfully.

CHILDREN'S UNDERSTANDING OF ENGLISH VOCABULARY THROUGH VISUAL SEMIOTICS IN THE MUSIC VIDEO OPPOSITES WORD POWER BY PINKFONG YOUTUBE CHANNEL

The lack of English language skills and understanding in Indonesian primary school children is caused by many factors such as, limited teachers, unfamiliarity, unsupportive environment, and various other things. This is a challenge for individuals to learn English and teachers as teachers. In addition to the seriousness of children in learning English, the accuracy of the teacher in choosing the learning methods given to children must also be appropriate. In the current era of digitalization, learning methods through YouTube videos can have an impact on children's knowledge and understanding of English if implemented properly. In this case, learning English can be obtained by listening to videos that apply visual semiotics in it. The application of visual semiotics can be applied in teaching English to children from a video. The form of application can be like in the music video [Opposites Word Power | PINKFONG Songs for Children]. In this music video, explaining the opposite meanings of eight English vocabularies visualized in the form of icons and symbols. This research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The data collection conducted by the researchers used random sampling technique with ten public elementary school children aged 8, 9, and 10 years old as respondents. The data collection activities are carried out by asking questions related to knowledge and understanding of vocabulary in the music video to each children after the researchers show the YouTube music video [Opposites Word Power | PINKFONG Songs for Children]. The result of this study is to explain the extent of understanding of English vocabulary by children through visual semiotics displayed in the video. The results show that the icons and symbols displayed in the video mostly help the children understand the meaning of the English vocabulary displayed. This research also proves that visual semiotics is a sign whose meaning is universal so that it can be used as a learning method used by educators in teaching English in public elementary schools in Indonesia.

The impact of local content curriculum on students’ cultural awareness and identity in Indonesian elementary schools

ABSTRACT This study investigated how local content curriculum (LCC) affected students’ cultural awareness and identity in Indonesian elementary schools. LCC lets schools tailor 20% of the instruction to local contexts and needs. The study used a mixed-methods approach with 200 students from 10 schools in Banten, a diverse province. The data collection and analysis methods involved a questionnaire, a test, a portfolio, an interview, statistics, and thematic analysis. The study found that LCC improved students’ cultural awareness and identity significantly and was implemented in different ways with various partners. However, the study also uncovered that LCC clashed with the national standardised examination (NSE), which neglected LCC. The study suggested that LCC had potentials for enhancing students’ cultural competence and readiness for the globalised world. The study contributed to the literature on LCC, NSE, cultural awareness, and cultural identity, and offered some recommendations for policy makers, practitioners, and researchers.

Development Of Pedagogical Competence of Indonesian Primary School Teachers: Merdeka Learning Implementers

This research describes the development of driving teacher pedagogical competence. This study aims to describe teachers efforts in developing pedagogical competence, supporting and inhibiting factors in developing pedagogical competence for teachers driving Indonesian elementary schools using the IA (Appreciative Inquiry) approach. In this study, the subjects studied were 37 driving teachers in 25 public and private elementary schools in Klaten Regency. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, field notes, and documentation. To check the validity of the data, triangulation of sources and research techniques was used. Data analysis techniques using Cresswell's 4-step analysis model. The pedagogical competency profile of driving teachers to explore pedagogical knowledge based on philosophy and psychology of the development of elementary school age children, based on reflective abilities, understanding and resilience of emotional intelligence has shown a fairly good classification for 42.3% of teachers and a good classification for 57.6% of teachers.

“We are the same, we are equal”: Plant diversity knowledge in Indonesian elementary special school textbooks

“We are the same, we are equal”: Plant diversity knowledge in Indonesian elementary special school textbooks

Can Interactive PowerPoint Media Revolutionize Simple Sentence Learning in Elementary Schools?

Improving student outcomes in constructing simple English sentences is essential, particularly in elementary education, where foundational language skills are developed. In Indonesian elementary school, low performance in this area was linked to the lack of interactive learning media. This study aimed to address this gap by developing, assessing the feasibility of, and evaluating the effectiveness of interactive PowerPoint-based learning media for fourth-grade students. Using the ADDIE development model—comprising Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation—the study involved 26 students from SDN 02 Kendengsidialit Jepara, with data collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The findings revealed a significant improvement in student performance, with the maximum score increasing from 71 in the pretest to 88.89 in the post-test. This improvement was confirmed by a paired t-test validating the media's effectiveness in enhancing learning outcomes. The analysis of pretest and post-test data further indicated moderate overall improvement underscoring the positive impact of the interactive PowerPoint-based learning approach. The study demonstrated that the interactive PowerPoint media is practical and feasible for improving students' mastery of simple English sentences. It is a valuable tool for enhancing language instruction in primary education.

Integration of Project-Based STEM Learning in the Meliuk Menerjang Material within the Emancipated Curriculum

This study aims to develop a project-based STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) learning tool for the "Meliuk Menerjang" material in the Emancipated Curriculum for grade IV students in Indonesian elementary schools. The objective is to create a tool that is feasible, practical, and effective in improving student learning outcomes. The research employs a Research and Development (R&D) approach, specifically following the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model. Data was collected through validation from material and design experts, questionnaires, and student performance assessments. The study included 25 students and 20 teachers from various elementary schools in Malang City to identify the needs and effectiveness of the project-based STEM learning model. Data analysis was performed using SPSS for effectiveness analysis and qualitative analysis for feedback and validation results. Findings: The project-based STEM learning model demonstrated high feasibility with significant improvements in students' understanding and skills. Validation results showed that the content was relevant and supportive of STEM skill development. Both teachers and students positively accepted the learning model, indicating increased confidence and motivation. Conclusion: Integrating project-based STEM learning in the Emancipated Curriculum positively impacts student engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. This approach fosters critical thinking, creativity, and teamwork among elementary students, preparing them for future technological challenges.

Challenges of Indonesian elementary school mathematics teachers in integrating critical thinking into the classroom

This study addresses the pressing need to develop critical thinking skills in young learners, which is essential for 21st-century education. Focusing on Indonesian elementary school mathematics teachers, this research provides new insights into the specific challenges they encounter a context that has been underexplored in the existing literature. The primary objective of this study is to identify the barriers these teachers face when integrating critical thinking skills into their mathematics instruction. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research employs open-ended online surveys, allowing participants to respond to their own words rather than selecting from predefined options. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants, resulting in a sample of 114 teachers from ten provinces across Indonesia. Data from the surveys were analyzed thematically and inductively using constant comparative methods. The analysis identified that the major obstacles to integrating critical thinking skills into mathematics education were limitations related to time and resources (accounting for 71.34% of identified barriers), along with deficiencies in pedagogical knowledge, confidence, and skepticism about the expected outcomes. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the considerations necessary for successfully incorporating critical thinking skills into elementary mathematics instruction and highlight the potential for enhancing teacher effectiveness in this area.

Evaluation of inclusive education in Indonesia: Elementary school teachers' perspective

This quasi-qualitative study explored the concerns, barriers, and impacts of implementing Inclusive Education (IE) in elementary schools in Sumatra and Java, Indonesia. Despite the Indonesian government's mandate to implement IE through Ministry of Education Act No. 70 of 2009, various challenges hinder its effective implementation. A survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 elementary school teachers to gain insight into their experiences and perceptions of IE. The findings suggest that teachers often lack confidence in employing inclusive strategies because of limited knowledge and large class sizes, highlighting the need for ongoing professional development. Additionally, while there is evidence of positive attitudes towards special educational needs (SEN) students among peers and parents, teachers may not fully embrace IE. This study aims to provide a thorough assessment of IE strategies employed in Indonesian elementary schools by analyzing key factors and offering recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of IE for both students and teachers. These findings will inform policymakers, educators, and stakeholders about the current state of IE and the necessary steps to improve it, ultimately contributing to the development of a more inclusive and equitable education system in Indonesia.

Executing the School Literacy Movement Program within Islamic-Based Excellence Schools

This qualitative study investigates the habituation phase of literacy movement programs in Indonesian elementary schools, particularly focusing on Islamic-based approaches. Through literature review of 10 relevant references from 2017 to 2020, the efficacy of pre-reading reflections in improving morning literacy skills is analyzed. The findings underscore the potential of this approach for broader implementation, emphasizing its significance in diverse educational settings, especially those with Islamic orientations. Highlights : Islamic-based approach: Analyzing the effectiveness of Islamic-oriented strategies in enhancing literacy skills among elementary school students. Pre-reading reflections: Investigating the impact of 10 pre-reading reflections on morning literacy skills during the habituation phase. Diverse educational settings: Highlighting the potential for broader implementation of tailored literacy programs, especially in schools with Islamic curriculums. Keywords: literacy movement, elementary schools, Islamic curriculum, habituation phase, qualitative research

Validity and reliability of motor competence assessment as an instrument measuring fundamental motor skills for 12-year-olds in Indonesia

The research aims to assess the validity and reliability of the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) instrument for 12-year-olds. The validity and reliability test provides a comprehensive framework for objectively measuring motor competence and identifying areas for intervention to enhance motor skill development. The study included 321 participants (156 male and 165 fe-male) from diverse Indonesian elementary school backgrounds. Motor competence assessment involved six test components, each conducted with two trials. Validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and reliability was assessed via Cronbach's alpha, with raw data converted to a scale for EFA. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) & Bartlett Test results and the Sampling Ade-quacy (MSA) measure are suitable for running EFA because they show more than 0.50. The standards for each item were met in the Communalities test by showing an extraction of >0.50 for each item. The MCA instrument proved valid because each test item (variable) firmly attaches to one instrument. Reliability tests, using Cronbach's Alpha, show that MCA instruments are reliable and usable. The Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) instrument demonstrates validity and reliability in measuring motor skills. Ex-ploratory factor analysis (EFA) identifies two main components: locomotor skills and stability and manipulative motor skills. Cronbach's alpha further confirms MCA's reliability. Its effectiveness in various contexts, including physical education and rehabilitation, supports targeted interventions. Understanding motor skill development with MCA enhances tailored approaches for individu-als, promoting physical well-being and performance. Keywords: physical education, motor skill, elementary school, assessment.

How Do International EFL Textbooks Teach Moral Values to Indonesian Primary School Students?

Studies of the representation of moral values in English textbooks in Indonesia have developed in recent years. However, there is still little research that reveals the use of speech acts to represent moral values through sayings presented in elementary school students' textbooks. This research investigates the representation of moral values depicted through sayings in international English textbooks for elementary schools in classes 2 and 6 in Indonesia. By adopting Searle's (1969) speech act theory, this qualitative research explains that the representation of moral values is only found in oral texts. The data were analyzed by applying several steps from Krippendoff (2004). The findings of this research indicate that responsibility and kindness are the dominant moral values depicted in two English language textbooks for elementary schools in Indonesia. This research implies that teachers and textbook writers should provide students with more examples of moral values, especially those related to daily life communication both at school and in the family.