Indonesian Tweets Research Articles

Data Balancing Approach Using Combine Sampling on Sentiment Analysis With K-Nearest Neighbor

One of the topics that has been discussed on twitter is the rules regarding the removal of masks. However, there's a chance that the data from Twitter contains unequal data classes. An unequal amount of data can cause the classification process to malfunction. Combining under- and oversampling techniques is known as combine sampling, and it is a data-balancing strategy. The research's data consists of Indonesian tweets using the hashtag "The Policy of Removing Masks." In this study, the classification approach was K-Nearest Neighbor, while the oversampling and undersampling techniques were SMOTE and Tomek Links. The purpose of this research is to classify sentiment using the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm and to use combine sampling to balance the amount of training data in the two classes that are not yet balanced. 234 training data with a positive sentiment and 652 training data with a negative sentiment were obtained after the data was divided. Due to an imbalance in the quantity of training data between the two classes, the positive class's data is minor and the negative class's data is major. The quantity of training data are 613 in the positive class and 613 in the negative class obtained following the combine sampling. Following the balancing of data between the two classes, sentiment classification was performed, yielding accuracy of 60.4%, precision of 78.5%, and recall of 65%. The reason for the accuracy number of 60.4% is because machine learning misinterpreted a tweet regarding Indonesia's mask removal policy, leading to incorrect classification.

Sentiment analysis of Indonesian tweets on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinations

Background Sentiments and opinions regarding COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccination on Indonesian-language Twitter are scarcely reported in one comprehensive study, and thus were aimed at our study. We also analyzed fake news and facts, and Twitter engagement to understand people’s perceptions and beliefs that determine public health literacy. Methods We collected 3,489,367 tweets data from January 2020 to August 2021. We analyzed factual and fake news using the string comparison method. The difflib library was used to measure similarity. The user’s engagement was analyzed by averaging the engagement metrics of tweets, retweets, favorites, replies, and posts shared with sentiments and opinions regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. Result Positive sentiments on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination dominated, however, the negative sentiments increased during the beginning of the implementation of restrictions on community activities (PPKM). The tweets were dominated by the importance of health protocols (washing hands, keeping distance, and wearing masks). Several types of vaccines were on top of the word count in the vaccine subtopic. Acceptance of the vaccination increased during the studied period, and the fake news was overweighed by the facts. The tweets were dynamic and showed that the engaged topics were changed from the nature of COVID-19 to the vaccination and virus mutation which peaked in the early and middle terms of 2021. The public sentiment and engagement were shifted from hesitancy to anxiety towards the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines, whilst changed again into wariness on an uprising of the delta variant. Conclusion Understanding public sentiment and opinion can help policymakers to plan the best strategy to cope with the pandemic. Positive sentiments and fact-based opinions on COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccination had been shown predominantly. However, sufficient health literacy levels could yet be predicted and sought for further study.

Comparison of K-NN, SVM, and Random Forest Algorithm for Detecting Hoax on Indonesian Election 2024

During the year 2022, The Indonesian National Police (POLRI) received 113 reports related to the spread of hoax news related to 2024 Indonesian Election (PEMILU). There are still relatively few hoax detection tools that already exist in Indonesia. This research creates a system that can detect hoax news in Indonesian tweets about the Indonesian Election (PEMILU) 2024 by comparing three methods, namely K-NN, SVM, and Random Forest. The process of labeling (create model) using validation on ground truth data, namely cekfakta.tempo, cekfakta.kompas, and turnbackhoax.id. In this research, we also check the differences between different types of distance measurements in applying the K-NN algorithm. The method used for feature extraction in this research is TF-IDF. The results of experiments show that the highest accuracy results are obtained using the SVM and K-NN algorithms with distance measurements using Euclidean Distance, which is 86.36%. The best precision value is obtained using the K-NN algorithm with distance measurements using Manhattan Distance, which is 86.95%.

Sentiment analysis of Indonesian tweets on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinations.

Sentiments and opinions regarding COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccination on Indonesian-language Twitter are scarcely reported in one comprehensive study, and thus were aimed at our study. We also analyzed fake news and facts, and Twitter engagement to understand people's perceptions and beliefs that determine public health literacy. We collected 3,489,367 tweets data from January 2020 to August 2021. We analyzed factual and fake news using the string comparison method. The difflib library was used to measure similarity. The user's engagement was analyzed by averaging the engagement metrics of tweets, retweets, favorites, replies, and posts shared with sentiments and opinions regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. Positive sentiments on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination dominated, however, the negative sentiments increased during the beginning of the implementation of restrictions on community activities (PPKM). The tweets were dominated by the importance of health protocols (washing hands, keeping distance, and wearing masks). Several types of vaccines were on top of the word count in the vaccine subtopic. Acceptance of the vaccination increased during the studied period, and the fake news was overweighed by the facts. The tweets were dynamic and showed that the engaged topics were changed from the nature of COVID-19 to the vaccination and virus mutation which peaked in the early and middle terms of 2021. The public sentiment and engagement were shifted from hesitancy to anxiety towards the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines, whilst changed again into wariness on an uprising of the delta variant. Understanding public sentiment and opinion can help policymakers to plan the best strategy to cope with the pandemic. Positive sentiments and fact-based opinions on COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccination had been shown predominantly. However, sufficient health literacy levels could yet be predicted and sought for further study.

The Influence Of Applying Stopword Removal And Smote On Indonesian Sentiment Classification

Information, like public opinions or responses, can be obtained through Twitter tweets. These opinions can expressed as a sentiment. Sentiments can be positive, neutral, or negative. Sentiment analysis (opinion mining) on a text can performed through text classification. This research aims to determine the influence of implementing Stopword Removal and SMOTE on the sentiment classification model for Indonesian tweets. The algorithms used in this research are Logistic Regression and Random Forest. Based on the evaluation, the best classification model in this research was achieved by implementing the Random Forest algorithm along with SMOTE, with an f1-score value of 75.03%. Meanwhile, implementing the Random Forest algorithm and Stopword Removal achieved the worst classification model, with an f1-score value of 68.09%. Implementing Stopword Removal in both algorithms has a negative impact in the form of a decrease in the resulting f1-score. Meanwhile, the performance of SMOTE provides a positive impact in the form of an increase in the resulting f1-score. This happened since Stopword Removal could reduce information and alter the meaning of processed tweets, causing the tweet to lose its sentiment.

Detecting Disaster Trending Topics on Indonesian Tweets Using BNgram

People on social media share information about natural disasters happening around them, such as the details about the situation and where the disasters are occurring. This information is valuable for understanding real-time events, but it can be challenging to use because social media posts often have an informal style with slang words. This research aimed to detect trending topics as a way to monitor and summarize disaster-related data originating from social media, especially Twitter, into valuable information. The research method used was BNgram. The selection of BNgram for detecting trending topics was based on its proven ability to recall topics well, as shown in previous research. Some stages in detection were data preprocessing, named entity recognition, calculation using DF-IDF, andhierarchical clustering. The resulting trending topics were compared with the topics obtained using the Document pivot method as the basic method. This research showed that BNgram performs better in detecting trending natural disaster-based topics compared to the Document pivot. Overall, BNgram had a higher topic recall score, and its keyword precision and keyword recall values were slightly better. In conclusion, recognizing the significance of social media in disaster-related information can increase disaster response strategies and situational awareness. Based on the comparison, BNgram was proven to be a more effective method for extracting important information from social media during natural disasters.

Enhancing Multi-Label Hate Speech and Abusive Language Detection on Indonesian Twitter Using Recurrent Neural Networks with Hyperparameter Tuning

This study investigates enhancing multi-label hate speech and abusive language detection on Indonesian Twitter using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with hyperparameter tuning. A dataset of Indonesian tweets labeled for various hate speech and abusive language categories was preprocessed through text cleaning, tokenization, and sequence padding. A baseline RNN model was initially constructed and evaluated. Hyperparameter tuning was then performed using Keras Tuner to optimize performance. The best hyperparameters identified were an embedding dimension of 32, 32 LSTM units, and a dropout rate of 0.2. The tuned model was trained and compared with the baseline. Results indicated improved precision for labels like Abusive, HS_Group, HS_Moderate, and HS_Strong, but a decline in recall and F1-scores for labels like HS_Religion and HS_Race. Overall performance metrics showed a slight decline, highlighting trade-offs in the tuning process. In conclusion, while hyperparameter tuning can enhance certain performance aspects, it also introduces complexities and trade-offs. It is recommended to use hyperparameter tuning in model optimization with careful consideration of application requirements. Further research will explore different model architectures and additional tuning strategies for better overall performance.

Sentiment analysis of Indonesian tweets on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinations

Background Sentiments and opinions regarding COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccination on Indonesian-language Twitter are scarcely reported in one comprehensive study, and thus were aimed at our study. We also analyzed fake news and facts, and Twitter engagement to understand people’s perceptions and beliefs that determine public health literacy. Methods We collected 3,489,367 tweets data from January 2020 to August 2021. We analyzed factual and fake news using the string comparison method. The difflib library was used to measure similarity. The user’s engagement was analyzed by averaging the engagement metrics of tweets, retweets, favorites, replies, and posts shared with sentiments and opinions regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. Result Positive sentiments on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination dominated, however, the negative sentiments increased during the beginning of the implementation of restrictions on community activities (PPKM). The tweets were dominated by the importance of health protocols (washing hands, keeping distance, and wearing masks). Several types of vaccines were on top of the word count in the vaccine subtopic. Acceptance of the vaccination increased during the studied period, and the fake news was overweighed by the facts. The tweets were dynamic and showed that the engaged topics were changed from the nature of COVID-19 to the vaccination and virus mutation which peaked in the early and middle terms of 2021. The public sentiment and engagement were shifted from hesitancy to anxiety towards the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines, whilst changed again into wariness on an uprising of the delta variant. Conclusion Understanding public sentiment and opinion can help policymakers to plan the best strategy to cope with the pandemic. Positive sentiments and fact-based opinions on COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccination had been shown predominantly. However, sufficient health literacy levels could yet be predicted and sought for further study.

Sentiment analysis of Indonesian tweets on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinations

Background: Sentiments and opinions regarding COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccination on Indonesian-language Twitter are scarcely reported in one comprehensive study, and thus were aimed at our study. We also analyzed fake news and facts, and Twitter engagement to understand people’s perceptions and beliefs that determine public health literacy. Methods: We collected 3,489,367 tweets data from January 2020 to August 2021. We analyzed factual and fake news using the string comparison method. The difflib library was used to measure similarity. The user's engagement was analyzed by averaging the engagement metrics of tweets, retweets, favorites, replies, and posts shared with sentiments and opinions regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. Result: Positive sentiments on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination dominated, however, the negative sentiments increased during the beginning of the implementation of restrictions on community activities (PPKM). The tweets were dominated by the importance of health protocols (washing hands, keeping distance, and wearing masks). Several types of vaccines were on top of the word count in the vaccine subtopic. Acceptance of the vaccination increased during the studied period, and the fake news was overweighed by the facts. The tweets were dynamic and showed that the engaged topics were changed from the nature of COVID-19 to the vaccination and virus mutation which peaked in the early and middle terms of 2021. The public sentiment and engagement were shifted from hesitancy to anxiety towards the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines, whilst changed again into wariness on an uprising of the delta variant. Conclusion: Understanding public sentiment and opinion can help policymakers to plan the best strategy to cope with the pandemic. Positive sentiments and fact-based opinions on COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccination had been shown predominantly. However, sufficient health literacy levels could yet be predicted and sought for further study.

Penggunaan Kamus Singkatan Kata Bahasa Indonesia Sehari-Hari dalam Pembangkitan Fitur Teks

Natural Language Processing (NLP) research on Indonesian language is relatively slow compared to other languages, such as English or Chinese. Most of the researches are dealing with Indonesian formal textes. Some NLP researches that are dealing with Indoensian informal texts are having quite difficulty since Indonesian informal language usually combines formal language, daily language, and local language. In addition, there is a habit in Indoensians to use abbreviation in texting. These cause great difficulty in features generation process, where machines fail to identify stopwords and form lemmas from the bag of words. There are actually dictionaries that can be used to do lemming process for Indonesian forma language, daily language, local languages, and even Indoensian formal abbrevations. But there is stil no dictionary for Indoensian informal abbrevations. This research made an Indonesian informal abbrevations dictionary from 4000 Indonesian tweets. The dictionary contains 706 unique abbrevations as its corpus. The dictionary then used to generate features. In this research, the features generation only used this dictionary to measure its signiicancy. The feature generation with the Indonesian informal abbrevations dictionary were tested with Indonesian tweets about Covid-19 Vaccine. The features generation process was able to identify 2262 abbrevations wotj 71,09% of them were identified as stopwords. To take a further step, the features generated then being tested to figure out their impact in sentiment analysis. The sentiment analysis used Multi-Layer Perceptron. Unfortunately, those features didn’t increase the performance of the sentiment analysis. The accuracy decreased by 3,5% while the precision, recall, and F1-Score decreased in range of 0,02 – 0,04. With this result, it can be concluded that the use of this dictionaty alone for lemming process is not enough. It needs to be combined with other dictionary to have more optimal result.

Sentiment Analysis of Tweets About Allowing Outdoor Mask Wear Using Naïve Bayes and TextBlob

Covid-19, a virus that attacks the respiratory tract and has a fairly high mortality rate, has spread throughout the country. On March 11, 2020, WHO declared Covid-19 a global pandemic. The government is trying various efforts to reduce the number of sufferers of this virus. Starting from the implementation of the lockdown, PPKM, to making Government Regulations related to the use of masks and so on for personal protection. In June 2021, there was a spike in Covid-19 cases in Indonesia and Covid-19 patients increased drastically. Conditions at that time were very chaotic, and left trauma for some people. On May 17, 2022, the government made concessions in the use of masks in open spaces while maintaining social distance. Even though masks play an important role in preventing the spread of the virus. With this, a research related to "Analysis of Sentiment on Tweets regarding Allowance for the Use of Masks in Outdoors using Naive Bayes was carried out" to find out public opinion. The research was conducted using Text Mining through Twitter sentiment and Naive Bayes for classification. Based on research, the majority of twitter users give a neutral response. This is indicated by the number of neutral sentiments of 75.76% or about 757 tweets. The data used in this study, namely 1000 Indonesian tweets with the keyword 'jokowi mask'. Testing data of 20% resulted in a more accurate model, which resulted in an accuracy of about 85%, while the model using testing data of 30% only produced an accuracy of about 83%.

FINE-GRAINED SENTIMENT ANALYSIS IN SOCIAL MEDIA USING GATED RECURRENT UNIT WITH SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

Social media platforms are widely used to share opinions, leading to a large growth of text data on the internet. This data can be a key source of up-to-date and inclusive information by conducting sentiment analysis. Typically, sentiment analysis research classifies binary based on the polar values generated. However, this has its limitations, such as classifying sentences containing positive and negative expressions, leading to incorrect predictions. Fine-grained sentiment analysis provides more precise results by associating values with more than two classification targets. The objective of this study is to carry out sentiment analysis at a fine-grained level related to public policy in Indonesia using the GRU-SVM model with feature extraction and expansion techniques. However, sentiment analysis research still faces challenges in NLP. Deep learning have successfully overcome the challenges of traditional machine learning models in terms of efficiency and performance. This study proposes GRU-SVM model. GRU is used because it can adaptively control dependencies, making it more efficient in memory usage, while SVM is used as it is state-of-the-art in sentiment analysis. Result of the study show that the selection of word representation techniques, the addition of feature extraction techniques, datasets, data ratios, and feature expansion are crucial in the model testing process. The GRU-SVM model achieved the best performance with an accuracy of 96.02%. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that the GRU-SVM method is effective in analyzing sentiments in Indonesian tweets.

A Hybrid Method on Emotion Detection for Indonesian Tweets of COVID-19

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been restrictions on activities outside the home which has caused people to interact more and express their emotions through social media platforms, one of which is Twitter. Previous studies on emotion classification used only one feature extraction, namely the lexicon based or word embedding. Feature extraction using the emotion lexicon has the advantage of recognizing emotional words in a sentence while feature extraction using word embedding has the advantage of recognizing the semantic meaning. Therefore, the main contribution to this research is to use two lexicon feature extraction and word embedding to classify emotions. The classification technique used in this research is the Ensemble Voting Classifier by selecting the two best classifiers to try on both types of feature extraction. The experimental results for both types of feature extraction are the same, indicating that the best classifiers are Random Forest and SVM. Models using both types of feature extraction show increased accuracy compared to using only one feature extraction. The results of this emotional analysis can be used to determine the public's reaction to an event, product, or public policy.

Emotion classification of Indonesian Tweets using Bidirectional LSTM

Emotion classification can be a powerful tool to derive narratives from social media data. Traditional machine learning models that perform emotion classification on Indonesian Twitter data exist but rely on closed-source features. Recurrent neural networks can meet or exceed the performance of state-of-the-art traditional machine learning techniques using exclusively open-source data and models. Specifically, these results show that recurrent neural network variants can produce more than an 8% gain in accuracy in comparison with logistic regression and SVM techniques and a 15% gain over random forest when using FastText embeddings. This research found a statistical significance in the performance of a single-layer bidirectional long short-term memory model over a two-layer stacked bidirectional long short-term memory model. This research also found that a single-layer bidirectional long short-term memory recurrent neural network met the performance of a state-of-the-art logistic regression model with supplemental closed-source features from a study by Saputri et al. [8] when classifying the emotion of Indonesian tweets.

Monitoring Mentions of COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects on Japanese and Indonesian Twitter: Infodemiological Study.

BackgroundThe year 2021 was marked by vaccinations against COVID-19, which spurred wider discussion among the general population, with some in favor and some against vaccination. Twitter, a popular social media platform, was instrumental in providing information about the COVID-19 vaccine and has been effective in observing public reactions. We focused on tweets from Japan and Indonesia, 2 countries with a large Twitter-using population, where concerns about side effects were consistently stated as a strong reason for vaccine hesitancy.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate how Twitter was used to report vaccine-related side effects and to compare the mentions of these side effects from 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine types developed by Pfizer and Moderna, in Japan and Indonesia.MethodsWe obtained tweet data from Twitter using Japanese and Indonesian keywords related to COVID-19 vaccines and their side effects from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. We then removed users with a high frequency of tweets and merged the tweets from multiple users as a single sentence to focus on user-level analysis, resulting in a total of 214,165 users (Japan) and 12,289 users (Indonesia). Then, we filtered the data to select tweets mentioning Pfizer or Moderna only and removed tweets mentioning both. We compared the side effect counts to the public reports released by Pfizer and Moderna. Afterward, logistic regression models were used to compare the side effects for the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines for each country.ResultsWe observed some differences in the ratio of side effects between the public reports and tweets. Specifically, fever was mentioned much more frequently in tweets than would be expected based on the public reports. We also observed differences in side effects reported between Pfizer and Moderna vaccines from Japan and Indonesia, with more side effects reported for the Pfizer vaccine in Japanese tweets and more side effects with the Moderna vaccine reported in Indonesian tweets.ConclusionsWe note the possible consequences of vaccine side effect surveillance on Twitter and information dissemination, in that fever appears to be over-represented. This could be due to fever possibly having a higher severity or measurability, and further implications are discussed.

Detection of Radicalism Speech on Indonesian Tweet Using Convolutional Neural Network

The ease of disseminating information today is inseparable from the rapid development of information technology. Unfortunately, radical groups also use this condition to spread propaganda and recruit members through social media such as Facebook and Twitter. Therefore, detecting radicalism on social media is essential, given the ease with which information can be spread that can affect social media users. Several studies to classify radicalism speech have been carried out using machine learning algorithms such as K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). However, only a few used the Indonesian language and even utilized a small dataset. This study proposed to detect radicalism speech in Indonesian tweets using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Word2Vec as feature extraction. The dataset is a collection of Indonesian-language tweets obtained through tweet crawling. CNN modeling was conducted using several scenarios with the number of filter parameter values = 100 and 300, and kernel size parameter value = 3, 5, 7, 9. From the training process using the scenarios above, the most optimal model is obtained with parameter filters = 300 and kernel size = 7, producing the best accuracy of 87.87% and average accuracy of 86.93%. Based on the best model obtained, an evaluation was carried out on the test data, which resulted in an accuracy of 87.15%.

General Depression Detection Analysis Using IndoBERT Method

Many of the tweets we discover on Twitter are concerning feelings of depression which will be caused by varied things. The amount of tweets additionally continues to increase. To be able to decide however depressed a user is, analysing tweets from users can facilitate with that. The method of analysing the detection of depression can help to supply applicable treatment for users who are detected to own depression. During this paper, the users to be analysed are users who have more than 1000 tweets and are Indonesian tweets. Then, crawling / retrieval of user tweet data is carried out. After that, data pre-processing is done. Once that done, using the IndoBERT method to classify the data obtained. In the end, this paper provides the accuracy value of this detection analysis using the IndoBERT method with an accuracy value of 51% and F1-Score of 31%.

We Know You Are Living in Bali: Location Prediction of Twitter Users Using BERT Language Model

Twitter user location data provide essential information that can be used for various purposes. However, user location is not easy to identify because many profiles omit this information, or users enter data that do not correspond to their actual locations. Several related works attempted to predict location on English-language tweets. In this study, we attempted to predict the location of Indonesian tweets. We utilized machine learning approaches, i.e., long-short term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) to infer Twitter users’ home locations using display name in profile, user description, and user tweets. By concatenating display name, description, and aggregated tweet, the model achieved the best accuracy of 0.77. The performance of the IndoBERT model outperformed several baseline models.

Detecting Emotion in Indonesian Tweets: A Term-Weighting Scheme Study

Background: Term-weighting plays a key role in detecting emotion in texts. Studies in term-weighting schemes aim to improve short text classification by distinguishing terms accurately. Objective: This study aims to formulate the best term-weighting schemes and discover the relationship between n-gram combinations and different classification algorithms in detecting emotion in Twitter texts. Methods: The data used was the Indonesian Twitter Emotion Dataset, with features generated through different n-gram combinations. Two approaches assign weights to the features. Tests were carried out using ten-fold cross-validation on three classification algorithms. The performance of the model was measured using accuracy and F1 score. Results: The term-weighting schemes with the highest performance are Term Frequency-Inverse Category Frequency (TF-ICF) and Term Frequency-Relevance Frequency (TF-RF). The scheme with a supervised approach performed better than the unsupervised one. However, we did not find a consistent advantage as some of the experiments found that Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) also performed exceptionally well. The traditional TF-IDF method remains worth considering as a term-weighting scheme. Conclusion: This study provides recommendations for emotion detection in texts. Future studies can benefit from dealing with imbalances in the dataset to provide better performance. Keywords: Emotion Detection, Feature Engineering, Term-Weighting, Text Mining

Big five personality prediction based in Indonesian tweets using machine learning methods

<span lang="EN-US">The popularity of social media has drawn the attention of researchers who have conducted cross-disciplinary studies examining the relationship between personality traits and behavior on social media. Most current work focuses on personality prediction analysis of English texts, but Indonesian has received scant attention. Therefore, this research aims to predict user’s personalities based on Indonesian text from social media using machine learning techniques. This paper evaluates several machine learning techniques, including <a name="_Hlk87278444"></a>naive Bayes (NB), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and support vector machine (SVM), based on semantic features including emotion, sentiment, and publicly available Twitter profile. We predict the personality based on the big five personality model, the most appropriate model for predicting user personality in social media. We examine the relationships between the semantic features and the Big Five personality dimensions. The experimental results indicate that the Big Five personality exhibit distinct emotional, sentimental, and social characteristics and that SVM outperformed NB and KNN for Indonesian. In addition, we observe several terms in Indonesian that specifically refer to each personality type, each of which has distinct emotional, sentimental, and social features.</span>