Indonesian Pre-service Teachers Research Articles

Developing technological pedagogical content knowledge skills during teaching practicum

<span lang="EN-US">This study investigates the efforts of Indonesian pre-service teachers in developing their technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) skills during teaching practicum, explores the obstacles they encounter in this process, and examines their responses to the challenges of TPACK skills development. Employing qualitative narrative inquiry as the research method, the study interviews five pre-service teachers from various study programs to gain insights into their experiences. The findings demonstrate that Indonesian pre-service teachers employ diverse strategies to enhance their TPACK skills, including observing experienced teachers, participating in workshops or online courses, reading relevant literature on TPACK, and consistently integrating TPACK into their teaching practice. However, they face obstacles such as a lack of confidence in their teaching abilities, limited time and resources for reflective practice, and inadequate self-awareness regarding their skills. To overcome these obstacles, they respond by collaborating with peers and mentors, engaging in reflective teaching practice, and setting goals for each practicum session. The study provides valuable insights for teacher training institutions (TTIs), educators, practitioners, and policymakers, facilitating the implementation of more effective strategies for integrating TPACK in future events.</span>

Readiness of Indonesian pre-service science teachers for society 5.0

This research aimed to assess the readiness of Indonesian pre-service science teachers by examining their perceptions of impending challenges, desired competencies, and anticipated instructional methodologies in preparing for the challenges of Society 5.0. Using a quantitative survey research methodology, 884 pre-service science teachers from 16 universities were surveyed. The research instrument's validity and reliability were assessed utilizing the Rasch model. Inferential statistics were employed to assess the readiness of pre-service science teachers for future challenges, taking into account their backgrounds. The test outcomes showed the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient reached 0.92, is deemed "excellent", affirming the instrument's high reliability. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of teachers share a consistent perception of future challenges and recognize the importance of mastering 21st-century skills, particularly critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, and collaboration. However, respondents believe that the current learning process does not adequately train these skills. They expressed a desire for an alternative learning method that can enhance their skills while accommodating their diverse backgrounds, including place of residence, economic background, and technological proficiency. Further research is needed to identify alternative teaching methods that can effectively foster these abilities in diverse backgrounds.

Designing digital storytelling books for TPACK development of Indonesian pre-service ELT teachers

In today's educational system, the need for teachers to acquire technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) has already become a mainstream transformation. Therefore, it is necessary to find a suitable strategy and approach to develop pre-service ELT teachers’ TPACK, in which one of them is actively engaging them in the design of technology-enhanced learning. This study sought to investigate Indonesian pre-service ELT teachers’ TPACK level development after designing digital storytelling book. Narrative inquiry was adopted in this research. The data were obtained from the pre- service ELT teachers’ reflective notes and semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study show that all participants are in the TPACK level of “accepting”. In the level of accepting, pre-service teachers form a favorable attitude toward teaching and learning English with digital storytelling. The implication derived from this study is that it is necessary to carefully design a project in teacher education program that can improve the pre-service teachers' TPACK level.

Teaching English in the Philippine: Pre-Service Teachers’ Identity Development During the International Teaching Practicum

English pre-service teachers find teaching English abroad to be a memorable experience. It influences the type of teacher they will become in the future. Through the perspective of teacher identity, this study aims to describe how two Indonesian pre-service teachers in the English education department, during a teaching practicum in the Philippines, developed their teacher identity and how they overcome the challenges. This research focused on two fourth-year students from the English Education department of a private university in Yogyakarta who completed a one-month international teaching practicum in the Philippines. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and subsequently investigated thematically from the perspective of the teachers' identities, and then presneted narratively. It was discovered that the biographies of the pre-service teachers served as the starting point for their teachers' identity development. Throughout the international teaching practicum, the development of their teacher identity was influenced by their emotional reactions, their teaching methods, and their symbolic representation. In the international teaching setting, the student teacher received psychological and technical assistance to overcome the challenges of their practice. This support played a crucial role in the successful completion of the program and contributed to the development of their professional identity as teachers. The findings demonstrate the importance of international teaching experience, prompting universities to prioritize the teaching practicum. Additionally, the university should expand its international exchange programs, focusing on teaching practicum programs.

International Posture and Intercultural Awareness: A Survey Study of Indonesian Pre-Service Teachers of English

This study intended to investigate Indonesian pre-service English teachers’ International Posture and Intercultural Awareness. It also sought to investigate the extent to which learners' International Posture influenced their Intercultural Awareness. To this end, the study involved 73 learners studying in English Language Education departments at a state university and a private university in Java, Indonesia, in a survey. Through descriptive statistics on SPSS, the study found a quite high level of Intergroup Approach-Avoidance Tendencies (IAAT), the first dimension of International Posture. It also found a moderate-high level of Interest in International Vocation and Activities (IIVA), the second dimension of International Posture. Furthermore, learners’ awareness of their own cultures and those of others was generally high though some of the participants' awareness of specific aspects of other cultures was reported to be low. Using multiple regression, the study found that generally, learners' International Posture significantly influenced their Intercultural Awareness, accounting for 22.3% of the total variance in Intercultural Awareness. However, from the beta coefficient analysis, it was found that only learners' IAAT significantly influenced their Intercultural Awareness in a positive direction. Learners' IIVA did not significantly influence it. The findings highlighted the need to nurture second/foreign language (L2) learners’ International Posture and conduct further investigation on the possible impacts of learners’ International Posture on learners’ intercultural communicative competence (ICC) in general.

Exploring Psychological Well-being of Indonesian Pre-service English Teachers as Non-native Speakers

This study examines the psychological well-being of Indonesian pre-service English teachers, considering non-native speakers during their teaching practice. Well-being is defined from eudaimonic and hedonic perspectives, emphasizing self-actualization, positive relationships, emotions, satisfaction, and happiness. Pre-service teachers face challenges in managing emotions, establishing student relationships, and language anxiety. Forty-eight Indonesian pre-service English teachers completed questionnaires, and 10 underwent in-depth semi-structured interviews. Findings revealed a high level of psychological well-being among the pre-service teachers, with positive scores in autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, self-acceptance, purpose in life, and positive relations. However, language anxiety impacted their confidence in English communication compared to native speakers. Significant transitions, professional domains, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and language anxiety were identified as factors influencing their well-being. Preparing pre-service teachers mentally, emotionally, and intellectually to handle teaching demands is crucial. Improving psychological well-being can enhance teaching performance and student outcomes. While specific to Indonesia, this study calls for further research in diverse educational settings to inform strategies for supporting pre-service teacher well-being.

The Utilization of Instructional Media Used by Indonesian Pre-Service Teachers to Facilitate Student's English Vocabulary Learning: Thai Primary Students' EYL

The Utilization of Instructional Media Used by Indonesian Pre-Service Teachers to Facilitate Student's English Vocabulary Learning: Thai Primary Students' EYL

Cross-Cultural Experiences in Teacher Education: Indonesian Pre-Service English Teachers' Perspectives on International Teaching Practicum

This study addresses a significant gap in current literature concerning the international teaching practicum experiences of Asian pre-service teachers specializing in English education. Focusing on three Indonesian pre-service teachers, the research explores their experiences during international practicum in the Czech Republic, Thailand, and Malaysia. Methodologically, the study employed in-depth semi-structured interviews, along with the analysis of narrative journals and artifacts from the International Teaching Practicum (ITP) program, following the thematic analysis approach by Braun and Clarke (2006). This involved meticulous examination of data, coding, and thematic classification to derive meaningful interpretations. Key findings highlight the challenges faced by participants, including language barriers and cultural adaptation. Despite these challenges, participants reported substantial growth in confidence and self-assurance, fostered by active participation in teaching and learning activities. Significantly, the practicum provided valuable insights into multicultural education, deepening the participants' understanding of different teaching methodologies, the role of teachers, and the nuances of local educational systems. The implications of this study are far-reaching, particularly in enhancing multicultural competence in teacher education. By shedding light on the under-researched area of international teaching practicum involving Asian contexts, the study contributes essential insights into the evolving landscape of global teacher education.

Unveiling the Transformation: The Impact of Teaching Internships in Thai Schools on Pre-Service Teachers' Professional Development

Being an effective teacher requires teaching experience and practical knowledge about the classroom. The knowledge can be obtained from classroom lectures and teaching practices can be learnt by having internship programs at schools and the community. This study aims to uncover the transformation of Indonesian pre-service teachers to their Professional Development during their participation in the international internship program in Thailand. Qualitative method was carried out to understand participants’ experience and benefits of the program. The study interviewed seven pre-service teachers who were selected enrolling in the program. The finding indicated that international teaching internships the participants involved help improve their professional development. They believed that there were three aspects affecting their professionalism, namely, pedagogical skills, language competencies, and life skills. This present study highlights that participating in teaching internships is useful for students’ professional development. As they will be a teacher, having teaching practice will provide students with the opportunity to apply what they have learnt to the real-world teaching situation, and this will be meaningful for their profession.

Perceptions of Pre-service Teachers on Code-switching in Bahasa Indonesia to English or Cebuano to English

This paper explores the perceptions of Filipino and Indonesian pre-service teachers on code-switching between Cebuano or Bahasa Indonesia, respectively, and English. Attributed to Canagarajah's Global English, among other theories, this quantitative research described the languages used and the perceptions on code-switching. The study compared the results of the Filipino and Indonesian pre-service teachers' perception on codeswitching and identified the preference for language use in both groups. It was found that the respondents are bilingual teachers. Also, both groups agree that teaching in one language only is not beneficial, teaching in both languages is desirable and easier to understand, mixing both languages does not weaken each other, and codeswitching assists in higher grades. Almost all respondents prefer the teaching of English through code-switching. Therefore, an empowered use of the local language and an established teaching of a World English variety unique to the Philippines and Indonesia can help pre-service teachers in their future teaching endeavors.

EXPLORING LANGUAGE BARRIERS DURING INTERNATIONAL TEACHING PRACTICUM IN THAILAND: PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ VOICES

The phenomenon of international teaching practicum exists to accommodate globalization in improving the quality of teaching internationally. However, the phenomenon of global teaching practicum, which has been investigated in many studies,earlier research, raises a number of significant barriers. Hence, this research aims to investigate the barriers faced by the Indonesian pre-service teachers during their teaching abroad program in Thailand. Qualitative research method were chosen in this study in order to obtain in-depth information about the phenomenon of international teaching practice through the interview with three Indonesian pre-service teachers. The findings revealed that Indonesian pre-service teachers discovered and faced several major barriers in the practicum for teaching abroad program in Thailand The toughest challenge experienced by Indonesian pre-service teachers is the language barrier. In addition, the response given by residents and the school environment to the language barriers experienced by Indonesian pre-service teachers was very good. Utilizing how students facilitate communication between Indonesian pre-service teachers and other students, and how in-service teachers offer advice and continue to assist Indonesian pre-service teachers in overcoming language barriers throughout the program.

The Relationship Between the Covid-19 Vaccination Status and the Reliance on Different Sources of Information Among Pre-service Science Teachers from South African and Indonesian Universities

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of a multifaceted public health approach. Promoting health literacy and safe behaviour to reduce disease spread can be an effective social vaccine. However, the role of science teachers as part of a social vaccine is unclear. Similarly, their responses to health crises and the factors affecting such responses are poorly understood. We investigated the relationship between the COVID-19 vaccination status and the reliance on different sources of information among pre-service science teachers from South African and Indonesian universities as a preliminary effort to understand the role that teachers could play in promoting health literacy and safe behavioural practices. We conducted a survey using a comparative quantitative approach to gather data from 87 South African and 93 Indonesian pre-service science teachers through a closed-ended questionnaire. Different statistical tests were performed using SPSS to analyse the data, including the Mann–Whitney U test, Levene’s test for equality of variance, t-test, regression analysis and analysis of variance. The results show that South African pre-service science teachers reported a lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake than Indonesians. Both sets of participants rely on social media, research articles, textbooks and friends and family to learn about COVID-19. However, reliance on these sources is not significantly associated with vaccination status. We conclude that contextual factors may affect vaccination status. We recommend further research into science teachers’ role in promoting health literacy and safe behavioural practices to reduce the spread of diseases. We also recommend using social media to share scientific information for health education.

Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes toward World Englishes Paradigm

The study aims to describe the pre-service English teachers’ perceptions and attitudes toward World Englishes (WE) Paradigm from Kachru's theory within the Indonesian context. Limited studies have been undertaken relating to Indonesian pre-service teachers’ perceptions and attitudes to the WE paradigm. The design of this study employed a qualitative case study focusing on the exploration of an individual pre-service English teacher’s perceptions and attitudes toward the phenomenon of the WE paradigm. Twenty participants who are pre-service English teachers participated in this study. Initially, the participants were asked to take The Verbal Guise Test to for stimulating the participants’ knowledge (cognitive) about varieties of English and introduce the WE paradigm. Afterward, the semi-structured interview was conducted with open-ended questions to explore how the students view different varieties of WE. The data were then transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis by coding, classifying themes, and interpreting. The findings of the study indicated that academically participants still have a preference of the inner circle (IC) English to support the learning process. But for non-academic context the majority of participants had the ability to understand and recognize English variations and showed interest in using and learning more about WE.

Toward proficiency: Developing a multiplication mathematical content knowledge test for pre-service mathematics teachers in Indonesia and Türkiye

This study aimed to develop a specific Mathematical Content Knowledge (MCK) test focused on multiplication for pre-service mathematics teachers in Indonesia and Türkiye. No assessment tool exists to measure MCK related to multiplication among pre-service mathematics teachers. We used convenience sampling to obtain data from third- and fourth-year pre-service teachers in Indonesian and Turkish mathematics teacher education programs. The test items were administered to 423 Indonesian pre-service mathematics teachers and 413 Turkish pre-service mathematics teachers, and their responses were analyzed using factor analysis. The MCK test was found to be reliable, with 18 items that were grouped into four components: procedural knowledge of multiplication (C1), understanding of multiple representations (C2), conceptual knowledge of multiplication (C3), and anticipating students' thinking (C4). The study results suggest that a valid MCK test helps evaluate multiplication in these four components. Additionally, the study findings indicate that Indonesian pre-service teachers score higher in the C1 and C4 categories, while Turkish pre-service teachers score higher in the C2 and C3 categories.

Thesis writing anxiety among Indonesian pre-service teachers of English: A survey study

For decades, language anxiety has been a popular research topic in the field of language learning and studies suggested that learners' second/foreign (L2) writing anxiety, one of the anxiety constructs, negatively affected learners' L2 writing achievement. This study aimed to investigate the thesis writing anxiety of Indonesian pre-service English teachers working on their theses in the final semesters of their study. The participants of this study were 105 pre-service teacher participants from ten universities across six different provinces in Indonesia. The study employed an online survey as the method of data collection. It found that generally, the participants had a moderate level of thesis writing anxiety. The detailed findings were further elaborated under four categories: “Difficulty in Grammar and Writing Anxiety”, “Negative Feelings when Writing a Thesis in English”, “Positive Feelings when Writing a Thesis in English”, and “Degree of Influence of Advisors and Peers to Writing Anxiety”. Based on the findings, possible contributions, implications, and limitations are suggested alongside suggested directions for future studies.

English as a Lingua Franca in an Indonesian Multilingual Setting: Pre-Service English Teachers’ Perceptions

The notion of English as Lingua Franca (ELF) has challenged the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) paradigm, which mainly aimed to attain native-like competence. Generally, ELF-informed teaching promotes creative use of English in a multilingual environment to meet communication needs. It also emphasises intelligibility in ELF spoken communication rather than pursuing standard English only. This study aimed to examine the perceptions of Indonesian pre-service English teachers regarding ELF. Using the sequential explanatory design, this study distributed close-ended questionnaire items to 150 participants in the first stage of data collection, followed by Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with five participants in the second stage. Descriptive statistics and thematic analyses were used to explore the research data quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of this study demonstrated that the participants still favoured the English native-speaker model in teaching English. They believed that students should imitate English native speakers in communication. The findings of the qualitative data analysis, however, showed that their perceptions towards ELF were still constrained by the ideological rankings between native English and other varieties of English. This study suggests that ELF-informed teaching should be introduced and reflected in teacher preparatory programmes, so that it could develop future English teachers’ awareness of the importance of implementing the principles of ELF in the Indonesian educational setting.

COVID-19 prevention intentions of pre-science science teachers from South African and Indonesian universities

Science teachers could play a vital role in promoting health literacy and safe behaviors to limit the spread of communicable diseases. However, there is limited research concerning their attitudes and behavioral intentions toward diseases, such as COVID-19. Using the theory of planned behavior as a framework, we employed a non-experimental survey to compare the behavioral intentions towards adopting COVID-19 preventative measures among pre-service science teachers from South African (n=87) and Indonesian (n=93) universities. Data were collect data using a closed-ended questionnaire. Results show that the behavioral intentions toward COVID-19 between South African and Indonesian pre-service science teachers are similar. Safe attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral, and normative beliefs that support safe behavioral intentions toward COVID-19 were reported, even though vaccine hesitancy may occur. We extrapolate that interventions should be implemented to enhance pre-service teachers’ behavioral intentions and enhance their role in health education.

Exploring the Relationship between Language Attitude and Language Awareness towards World Englishes: A case of Indonesian pre-service English Teachers

Introduction. World Englishes (WE) is an important topic, especially regarding pre-service English teachers' attitude and awareness towards the plurality of WE in English language teaching (ELT) practices. Many previous studies have discussed language attitude and language awareness separately. In contrast, research into the relationship between language attitude and awareness towards WE, especially in the context of pre-service English teachers, has not been widely explored.
 Purpose. This study aims to fill the gap by researching the relationship between language attitudes and awareness of WE among pre-service English teachers, and its implication for their teaching practice.
 Method. This study employed a mixed-method approach using correlational and interview-based research. The research data was obtained from 62 respondents who filled out questionnaires from three universities in Jakarta and Tangerang, Indonesia. In addition, there were nine interviewees.
 Results. The results showed a weak relationship between Indonesian language attitude and awareness of WE pre-service English teachers. Respondents indicated a positive attitude towards WE but had moderate awareness.
 Conclusion. We concluded that pre-service English teachers view WE as an essential topic, but they tend not to teach WE because they have to obey the school curriculum.

Indonesian Pre-service and In-service Science Teachers’ TPACK Level

This current study aimed to examine the levels of TPACK among pre-service and in-service science teachers, including several influencing factors such as gender, status, and age. Through a study of TPACK dimensions of the 211 pre-service and in-service biology teachers and science teachers were identified. The results depicted that pre-service and in-service science teachers dominate the understanding and application of non-technological dimensions. Otherwise, it was found that technological dimensions needed to be more knowledgeable for pre-service and in-service science teachers. The analysis of the variance test demonstrates significant differences were identified regarding status and age. However, no dimension was found to be significantly different regarding age level. To sum up, pre-service and in-service science teachers have different understandings and applications of ICT integration in science classrooms. Professional teaching can be developed by improving knowledge and skills of technology, pedagogy, content, and their integration.

Indonesian Pre-Service EFL Teachers’ Attitudes and Motivation Toward English Language Learning

Students' attitude towards language has an impact on their learning of English as a foreigner language (EFL). The significance of this language attitude cannot be overstated and may serve as a decisive factor in achieving success, alongside the learning motivation. One's language attitude is influenced by a range of factors, such as educational factors, social factors, and learner personality characteristics, among others. The objective of this investigation is to examine the perspectives of EFL pre-service teachers regarding the English language and their impetus for acquiring proficiency in English. An online survey was conducted using a Likert scale questionnaire to gather data from 80 Indonesian university students (18 males and 62 females) majoring in English education. The collected data is subsequently subjected to both qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The study's findings indicate that non-native Indonesian pre-service EFL teachers exhibit a favorable attitude towards the English language and its learning. This research has revealed that pre-service teachers exhibit a strong inclination towards instrumental motivation, indicating a positive level of motivation. This study anticipates that forthcoming advancements can enhance the process of learning by aligning it with the pertinent methodology.