Indonesian New Research Articles

Mapping Asia Plants: Plant Diversity and a Checklist of Vascular Plants in Indonesia.

Indonesia, located in Southeast Asia, is the world's largest tropical island country. It is globally recognized as a unique center of biodiversity in the Asian-Australian transitional zone. To date, however, no national plant checklist of Indonesia has been published. Here, we collected botanical information on the flora of Indonesia and presented for the first time a checklist of known native species of vascular plants in the country. Our checklist included 30,466 species belonging to 2968 genera and 317 families, representing 8.7% of the 351,180 vascular plant species worldwide. Among the seven regions, Sumatra had the highest number of species at 10,902, followed by Indonesian New Guinea (9935), Java (9289), Kalimantan (9191), Sulawesi (7048), Maluku (5294), and Lesser Sunda Islands (4514). In contrast, Indonesian New Guinea had a much higher proportion of locally endemic species than other regions (59%). The seven regions were divided into three phytogeographical areas: the Sunda Shelf, the Sahul Shelf, and the Wallacea, based on similarities in floristic composition. Our checklist for Indonesia provides basic information for biodiversity conservation and associated research.

Terrorism in the Indonesian New Criminal Code

Indonesia finally has its own Criminal Code; the country no longer uses the criminal code inherited from Dutch East Indies colonialism. Nonetheless, the New Criminal Code is effective three years after its launch, which is in 2026. By reviewing literature, this article explores the New Criminal Code and its link to relations to terrorism and terrorism financing laws. This article aims to understand how far terrorism is addressed in the Indonesian New Criminal Code. This article may help counter-terrorism practitioners, academics, and policymakers to employ legal instruments as much as possible to prevent terrorism. Regarding the preparation of terrorism, the New Criminal Code outwardly revises what is already listed in the Law no. 5/2018 where anyone who prepares acts of terrorism whether intentionally or unintentionally is eligible for criminalization. There have been several criticisms of the New Criminal Code, such as its overlapping with other laws, the contradiction of regulations stated in the New Criminal Code, and its low support on restorative justice for children affiliated with terrorist organizations.

A new species of Eupholus Boisduval, 1835 from Indonesian New Guinea with notes on the taxonomy of the genus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Eupholus sulisi Bollino and Anderson sp. nov. is here described from the Indonesian portion of New Guinea, and separated from the most similar species E. prasinus Heller 1910 and E. humeralis Heller 1908. The structure of the everted endophallus examined in 38 of 71 species of Eupholus Boisduval 1835 supports the recognition of three groups within the genus, the Eupholus loriae-group, Eupholus schoenherri-group, Eupholus alternans-group, and Eupholus antonkozlovi Porion and Audibert, which does not fall into the three aforementioned groups.

Study of Pan-Sensualism as a Cross-Cultural Form: An Artwork by Jim Supangkat; Ken Dedes (1975)

This study examined the use of the term ‘Pan-Sensualism’ in the discourse on contemporary Indonesian new art and how this manifested itself in artworks created at the beginning of the Indonesian New Order era (1966-1998). Jim Supangkat was one of the artists and initiators in forming the artist group Gerakan Seni Rupa Baru Indonesia (Indonesian New Art Movement), which then organized the first Seni Rupa Baru 75 exhibition in 1975. Jim Supangkat presented six installation works with different narratives, but Ken Dedes was the only one that presented the dialectic of traditional and modern culture. The Prajnaparamita, or Ken Dedes statue is presented with a drawing of the body of a woman wearing jeans with the buttons open. In looking at the formal, social-historical, cultural, feministic, and other elements in the work of Ken Dedes (1975-1996), we used the iconographic research method. This method helps to see several aspects of Supangkat’s visual works related to the aesthetic paradigm of Pan-Sensualism and the intersection of two cultural elements, i.e., high and low art, which may be distinguished based on social class appreciation.

The Criminalization of Polyamory Perspective Islamic Penal Law and Indonesian New Penal Code

Regardless of the social stigma faced, polyamory has become a widely discussed issue and has received much attention in various fields. This study aims to examine the legal aspects regarding the criminalization of polyamory from the perspective of Islamic criminal law and the new penal code in Indonesia. This study is a type of normative juridical research with a conceptual and statutory approach. The research results show that any sexual relation outside of legal marriage is considered adultery in Islam, requiring criminal sanctions for the perpetrators. Polyamory cases involving same-sex couples are also included in the criminal act. In the Indonesian legal context, although the term polyamory is not mentioned explicitly, the new Penal Code has the potential to criminalize polyamorous perpetrators with the latest regulations regarding adultery and cohabitation offenses. This new penal code can also criminalize homosexual behaviour including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and Queer plus(LGBTQ+) people. However, the perpetrator of polyamory can only be convicted if there is a complaint from the aggrieved party (i.e. the legal spouse, children, and parents of the perpetrator), because those articles fall into the category of absolute complaint offenses. Looking at the cultural values of Indonesian society, especially the teachings of Islam as a religion adhered to by the majority of citizens, the criminalization of polyamory should be included in the ordinary complaint offense so that it can be in line with the living norms in society.

The Computational Thinking in Elementary School in the Indonesia New Curriculum: A Teacher's Perspective

In the 21st century, thinking is a very important ability, one of which is computational thinking. The purpose of this research is to explain a teacher’s perspective on computational thinking (CT) in elementary school in the Indonesian New Curriculum. The qualitative method was used with a case study. The participant is Bandung's fourth-grade teacher. All teachers received questionnaires. A number of teachers were interviewed. Researchers use data collection tools as their primary tools. The supporting instruments are documentation studies, interviews, and field notes. The results show that teachers know about CT but are still confused about how to teach it in elementary school. They agree that CT is one of the most important skills in the 21st century. They do not understand all CT indicators, and they are unable to formulate CT queries or connect CT with technology. There should be training for teachers on how to integrate learning, technology, and CT.

Hunting in Indonesian New Guinea: dogs, conservation and culture

Hunting has a complex and contested relationship with conservation: it can deplete and threaten vulnerable wildlife but can also motivate protection and good stewardship. This study aims to advance the ethnographic information of hunting with dogs, in particular, the increasing use of dogs in hunting, as such practice is a particular concern among conservationists. We present a case study from the lowland costal forest of Tambrauw in West Papua Province – Indonesian New Guinea using information gathered by assessing the activities and success of thirty-three hunters. The hunters identified 301 successful kills in a total of 654 hours of hunting. Five different prey species were reported across the study sites in a 7-month time period. Interestingly, active hunting without dogs had a higher yield (kills per hour) than hunting with them (0.700 versus 0.38 kills per hour), especially for deer, but hunting with dogs is the only method that seems to favour the capture of pigs over deer. Dogs are not valued for their role in hunting alone but also have less tangible cultural values also protect hunters and also their families from animals and spirits. We conclude that hunting with dogs is the only method that seems to favour the capture of pigs over deer. We find that dogs can provoke social conflicts and other problems. More attention should be given to local hunting and the methods used. Hunting with dogs impacts the quantity and composition of the hunt, this requires a careful appraisal, as dogs also provide wider cultural and protective roles.

The use of authentic material in English classroom teaching: Indonesian New Curriculum

The Indonesian current curriculum is derived as operational curriculum for school initiator (KOSP). In language learning, the KOSP focuses on the competences to use the language with six basic skills: listening, reading, speaking and writing, with addition Watching and presenting. “watching and presenting” skills is to accommodate the receptive skill from the video and productive skill through media content such as YouTube, Instagram, Tik Tok etc. The KOSP uses genre-based approach in language teaching that emphasizes on the contextual applicable use of the language. with four main activities: Building knowledge of the text, Modelling of the text, Joint construction of the text and Independent construction of the text. In addition, this paper explores about the use of authentic material and its advantages in language learning classroom. Furthermore, the paper presented some example about the use of authentic material in implementing KOSP specifically for basic English in Junior and senior high school. The first authentic material is students’ photograph to teach recount text where the students tell about the photograph either in written and oral. The second authentic material is students’ realia to teach descriptive text.

Indigenous people's resilience on the issue of the Indonesian capital move

The Paser and Kutai Indigenous People will be affected by the Indonesian New Capital (IKN) move. This study examines how citizens adapt to the new capital city (IKN) culture. This research showed how the Paser and Kutai Indigenous People were able to transfer the national capital and what options may be taken to make their customs more active and known internationally. Literature review. Documentation-based data collecting. Miles and Huberman's interactive analysis is applied. This study found that the Paser and Kutai Indigenous Peoples are self-sufficient and ready to move the national capital. The transfer of the National Capital (IKN) to North Penajam Paser (PPU) and Kutai Kartanegara (Kukar) has improved local culture through acculturation. To be beneficial, this acculturation must filter out external cultural ideals that contradict local wisdom. Becoming the national capital is a great chance to showcase local culture abroad. Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2017 concerning the Preservation and Protection of Paser Customs and Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2016 concerning the Preservation of the Customs of the Kutai Kartanegara Ing Martadipura Sultanate also preserve Paser and Kutai's local culture.

Knowledge and Values of Noken from Three Highlander Ethnics in Indonesian New Guinea

Knowledge and Values of Noken from Three Highlander Ethnics in Indonesian New Guinea

Two new species of green treefrogs (Pelodryadidae: Litoria) from the northern slopes of Papua New Guinea's Central Cordillera.

We describe two new species of moderate-sized (male body length 26.5-29.8 mm and 41.0 mm), predominantly green treefrogs in the genus Litoria from hill forest on the northern slopes of Papua New Guinea's Central Cordillera. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial ND4 nucleotide sequences shows that the first species is related to Litoria iris (Tyler) and its allies. It is morphologically most similar to Litoria mystax, a small green treefrog known only from the holotype that was described more than 100 years ago from the north coast of western New Guinea but differs from that species in having longer legs and a broader head. The second species is closest to Litoria gasconi, a species known only from the foothills of the Foja Mountains in Papua Province, Indonesian New Guinea, and the Prince Alexander Mountains in northern Papua New Guinea. It has a net average sequence divergence of 10% from L. gasconi and can be distinguished morphologically from it and from other pelodryadids by the presence of a striking pattern of spots and blotches on the ventral surfaces and on the hidden surfaces of the limbs. These descriptions add to the rapidly increasing known diversity of frogs in hill and lower montane forest, habitats that support the most diverse frog communities on mainland New Guinea.

Bulbophyllum wiratnoi (Orchidaceae), a new species of section Epicrianthes from Indonesian New Guinea

A new species of Bulbophyllum sect. Epicrianthes, Bulbophyllum wiratnoi Saputra, Schuit., Mustaqim & J.Champ., is described based on specimens from Indonesian New Guinea. A detailed morphological description and diagnosis, information on distribution and ecology, a preliminary conservation assessment, and a discussion are provided. A key to species of Bulbophyllum sect. Epicrianthes in Indonesian New Guinea is also presented.

A new large Oreophryne species from the mountains of Papua Province, Indonesian New Guinea (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae)

The microhylid genusOreophrynereaches its greatest diversity in the New Guinea region, where more than 60 species have been documented to date. MostOreophryneare small (<30 mm SVL) and only three species,O. anthonyi,O. idenburgensisandO. inornata, exceed 40 mm SVL adult body size. Here we describe a fourth large species ofOreophrynethat was collected in 1998 from the mountains of Papua Province in western New Guinea. In having a cartilaginous connection between the procoracoid and scapula it is most similar toO. idenburgensis, a species known only from the mountains of central-western New Guinea but differs from that species in a suite of morphological characters including a broader head, a hidden (vs. visible) tympanum and a more pointed snout.

A new species of Freycinetia Gaudich. (Pandanaceae; Freycinetoideae) with pseudopetioliform leaves from Arfak Mountains, Papua, Indonesia

A new species of Freycinetia Gaudich. (Pandanaceae; Freycinetoidea) with obvious pseudopetiolate basal leaf from Mount Tombrok in the vicinity of the Arfak Mountains, West Papua, Indonesian New Guinea, is newly described as Freycinetia pseudopetiolata A.P.Keim, K. Kartawinata & W. Sujarwo. The possession of the pseudopetiolate basal leaf form places this new species in the section Pseudopetiolosae; thus marking the first presence of the section for mainland New Guinea.

The ICMI (Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals) and Its Political Tendency during the Indonesian New Order

The Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI), which was founded on 7 December 1990, was an important and quite populist organization during the end of the New Order. This article aims to explain the political tendencies of ICMI in Islamic politics in Indonesia. This article uses a historical approach from available documents such as articles, books and others. This article finds that the establishment of ICMI in its development was used by its members as a political tool. Between the State (the New Order government) and ICMI have a mutually beneficial relationship. On the one hand, with the existence of ICMI, Muslim groups who are members of ICMI are easier to promote Islamic values to the State so that the State is expected to be more Islamic. On the other hand, the New Order State used ICMI as a political tool. The New Order embraced Muslim groups into ICMI to support the continuation of the New Order's political power.

A new species of crayfish of the genus Cherax from Indonesian New Guinea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parastacidae)

A new species of the genus Cherax is described and illustrated. Cherax wagenknechtaesp. nov., endemic to the Beraur and Klasabun River drainages in the western part of the Kepala Burung (Vogelkop) peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia, is described, figured and compared with its closest relatives, Cherax pulcher Lukhaup, 2015. The new species may be easily distinguished from Cherax pulcher by the shape of the chelae, rostrum and body, and coloration.

From Political Parties to Cultural Organizations : Indonesian Islamic Movements during the New Order

The development of political Islam in Indonesia has been characterized by severe tension between Muslim intellectuals and ‘secular’ intellectuals. Since Indonesian independence to the Old Order, Muslim intellectuals focused on struggling the political Islam by establishing political parties and proposing Islam as the state foundation. This article aims to describe political Islam in the Indonesian New Order. This article uses historical approach and qualitative methods. In fact, the New Order regime had a negative view of political Islam. This view follows from its policy which prohibited Islamic parties. The New Order emphasized national stability, as well as economic development, as its main policies. The economic development under the New Order regime led to a new crop of Muslim intellectuals. This new generation of Muslim intellectuals was different from the older generation. They preferred strengthening their role in non-political organizations to playing a role in political parties.

The role of the introduced rusa deerCervus timorensisfor wildlife hunting in West Papua, Indonesia

AbstractThe rusa deer has been introduced to Merauke region and later to Vogelkop Peninsula in Indonesian New Guinea (West Papua) in 1928. It has widely dispersed across much of the West Papuan lowlands, but little is known on population size and its role for the livelihoods of rural communities. Here, our aim was to assess the population status of rusa deer, and to investigate the extent of hunting practices on this mammal in West Papua.We conducted camera trapping and line transect surveys simultaneously to estimate rusa deer population abundance in the Kwoor basin of the Tambrauw regency, Papua Barat province, Indonesia. We also interviewed hunters (n = 134), informants (n = 9) and households (n = 91) to assess hunting patterns and socioeconomic importance of rusa deer across 15 districts of the Tambrauw regency.We estimated rusa deer density within a 48‐km2forested area at 10.34 (5.36–19.98) and 21.04 individuals/km2using line transect andN‐mixture modelling approach using camera trapping data, respectively. Both density estimates are considerably higher than those from its native range in Java and Bali (0.08 individual/km2). Almost 92% of hunters reported that they hunted rusa deer in their traditional forests, being the most frequent amongst the 18 hunted species, particularly for commercial (62%) and subsistence (38%) purposes.Our results suggest that traditional hunting has become a significant livelihood activity and important income source in the study area. It is therefore imperative to identify potential management strategies on wildlife hunting while also considering that the high densities of introduced rusa deer may potentially exert adverse effects on native flora and fauna.This study further suggests that traditional knowledge (locally called ‘sasi’ system) and wildlife taboos still govern wildlife hunting and utilization of forest resources in West Papua, and these need to play a role in integrated community‐based wildlife management.

The Floodplain Forests of the Mamberamo Basin, Papua, Indonesia (Western New Guinea): Vegetation, Soils, and Local Use

New Guinea is the world’s largest, most speciose, and most culturally rich tropical island, and the little-studied Mamberamo Basin of Papua (Indonesian New Guinea) is recognised among the region’s most-important areas for biological diversity. Here, we examined the floodplain forests in the indigenous territory of Papasena, within the Mamberamo-Foja Wildlife Reserve in the Mamberamo Basin. As part of a training activity with local researchers, students, and civil servants, and with the permission and assistance of the local people, we employed various methods including the field surveys detailed here. We used variable-area tree plots, transects for non-trees and soil sampling, and local informants to document 17 plots: four in old-growth dryland forest, five in old-growth swamp forests (two seasonally flooded and three permanently wet including one dominated by sago, Metroxylon sagu Rottb.), five in secondary forest (fallows), and three in gardens (two in swamps and one on dryland). In total, we measured 475 trees over 10 cm in diameter at 1.3 m (dbh). The swamp forests had high local basal areas (highest value 45.1 m2 ha−1) but relatively low statures (20 m but with emergent trees over 40 m). In total, 422 morphospecies from 247 genera and 89 different families were distinguished. These included 138 tree species and 284 non-tree plant species. A quarter (105) of the morphospecies lacked species-level identifications. The woody families Rubiaceae, Araceae, Moraceae, and Euphorbiaceae were especially diverse, with 20 or more morphospecies each. Tree richness was highest in dryland forest (plot 7 having 28 species in 40 stems over 10 cm dbh) with more variation in the flooded forests. Non-tree vegetation showed similar patterns ranging from 65 species in one 40-by-5 m primary forest plot to just 5 in one seasonally flooded forest plot. The local people identified many plants as useful. Among trees, at least 59 species were useful for construction (the most common use), while, for non-trees, medicinal uses were most frequent. Inceptisols dominated (12 plots), followed by Ultisols and Entisols (3 and 2 plots, respectively). Drainage appeared poor and nutrient availability low, while land-suitability criteria implied little potential for crops aside from sago. We discuss the implication of local practises and more recent developments that may threaten the conservation of these floodplain systems. We underline the key role of local people in the oversight and protection of these ecosystems.

The Dutch slavery and colonization DNA. A call to engage in self-examination

This article answers the question whether there is a Dutch slavery and colonisation DNA. After all, the Netherlands has centuries of experience (approximately three and a half centuries) with colonisation (including occupation, wars and genocide, rearrangement of land and population, plundering and theft), trade in enslaved people (the Atlantic route: Europe, Africa, North and South America) and trade in the products of these enslaved people. The Netherlands has colonised large parts of the world. This was a large part of Asia, including the Indonesian archipelago, Malaysia, Ceylon, Taiwan and New Guinea, large parts of the continent Africa, including Madagascar, Mozambique, Cape of Good Hope, Luanda, Sao Tome, Fort Elmina etc., and North (New York) and South America (including Brazil, Dejima, Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles). It is a fact that human conditions and circumstances influence the human DNA that is passed on to posterity. This goes through the mechanism of methylation. This mechanism is used by cells in the human body to put genes in the "off" position. Human conditions and circumstances are abstractly formulated, poverty, hunger, disasters and wars. These are also horrors that accompanied slavery and colonisation. The Dutch, as slave traders, plantation owners, occupiers of lands, soldiers, merchants, captains and sailors, and administrators and their staff, have had centuries of experience with practising atrocities. Because those experiences are translated into the DNA of posterity, it is understandable that Dutch authorities misbehave towards immigrants and refugees. Those institutions are political leaders, governmental institutions, such as the tax authorities and youth welfare, and also companies that do their utmost to avoid taking on immigrants. This behaviour is called institutional colour and black racism.