Indonesian National Research Articles

Enhancing Indonesian National Police Penal Mediation Through Conflict Mediator Certification for Bhabinkamtibmas

This research seeks weaknesses in the internal police regulations concerning the duties of Bhayangkara Pembina Keamanan dan Ketertiban Masyarakat (Bhabinkamtibmas). There was a conflict in the duties of the Bhabinkamtibmas, which is tasked with maintaining the security of public safety (Harkamtibmas), but can also carry out criminal investigation duties, penal mediation. Penal mediation embodies the concept of restorative justice which has been implemented by the Indonesian National Police (INP) through the role of Bhabinkamtibmas. Doctrinal study is being used in this research, where it used documents found regarding the problem. The document analysis is conducted toward documents informing the implementation of conflict mediator certification for Bhabinkamtibmas in case of horizontal conflict resolution, such as related internal police regulations. From documents analyzed, it was found that there has been an absence of regulation in place for Bhabinkamtibmas regarding penal mediation mechanism. Apart from their main duty ensuring public safety, Bhabinkamtibmas is expected to support the INP in carrying out their functions, including criminal investigations to resolve cases outside court. Practically, there have been some problems with horizontal conflict management by Bhabinkamtibmas. Based on this, the author initiated to certify conflict mediators within the Bhabinkamtibmas to enhance the effectiveness of INP penal mediation.

The Police Authority in Granting Crowd Permit in The Makassar Port Police Area

Makassar City as the largest city in Eastern Indonesia is known to have a high crime rate. On the other hand, the most common and often faced community dynamics in Makassar city is community mobility that triggers crowds. So as a preventive effort, the police have the authority to issue a crowd permit to regulate community activities. This research aims to analyze the regulations and mechanisms for granting crowd permits and to identify the methods of police supervision of crowd activities in the Makassar Port Police area. The type of research used is empirical juridical research. Data collection is done through interviews and observations. The technique of analyzing research data starts from data reduction, data presentation, to verification and conclusion drawing. The results showed that: (1) Regulations in granting crowd permits are regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police and several Field Guidelines of the National Police Chief. The mechanism for granting permits includes: First, the criteria for activities are given for activities with large masses. Second, the flow of services has been listed in the task guidelines with clear steps. (2) Supervision of crowd activities is carried out through open maintenance of public security and order by the Samapta Bhayangkara (Sabhara) unit and closed by the Intelligence and Security Unit and the Criminal Investigation Unit. Meanwhile, supervision of police members is carried out through control by police administrative staff, discipline enforcement by the Profession and Security Unit, and post-activity and periodic consolidation and evaluation once a year. Thus, the authority of the Police in granting crowd permits in the Makassar Port Police area has been running well, although there are still shortcomings in terms of supervision, especially time security and police availability to accompany crowd activities until completion.

Integrated Justice System in an Unforeseen Contingency: Ensuring Compliance with Health Protocol in Bogor Regency

The government of West Java has applied discretion in interpreting the national disaster regulation through West Java Province Bylaw Number 5/2021. To ensure procedural justice for the society, the bylaw applies fines through a trial court of minor offenses against health protocols violators. The implementation of the bylaw is a manifestation of the theory of an integrated criminal justice system, which, to date, has only been carried out independently. However, in this case, there is an integration in achieving an objective of law enforcement, that is, the prevention of the spread of the pandemic. Thus, this study examines the implementation of the Bylaw involving Indonesian National Police and Civil Service Police in regulating the health protocol. This research uses descriptive qualitative methodology involving triangulation, literature reviews, interviews, and case studies. The results reveal that an integrated judicial system has been implemented and met its objective in ensuring public compliance to health protocols. Yet, a number of issues persists, including using quantitative performance metrics in identifying the target offenders, outdated paperwork methods, teleconferencing judicial processes that are hindered by the existing constitution, and dilemma in either imposing heavy fines or light fines in a society hit hard by an unseen contingency.

Strength and Durability of Paving Block with Seawater and POFA (Palm Oil Fuel Ash)

Seawater has the potential to replace fresh water in the production of concrete. Given the restricted availability of freshwater sources and the high cost of transportation, it is crucial to optimize this scenario. On the other hand, agricultural residue is a potential material that can replace cement-based materials, thereby reducing CO2 emissions. Sustainability in the concrete sector is important, hence, research on using alternative renewable resources such as palm oil fuel ash (POFA) for concrete production is necessary. POFA is an agricultural byproduct and industrial waste that is potentially used as a partial substitution for cement due to the presence of pozzolan. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of icluding POFA (Palm Oil Fuel Ash) as a substitute in the paving block, while also considering the influence of seawater mixing and curing water. Further, POFA is used as a supplementary binder for paving blocks at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% for Portland Composite Cement replacement. The paving blocks properties, such as workability, density, compressive strength, water absorption, and resistance to sulfate attack, were evaluated. The results of the tests confirmed that 10% POFA mixed with seawater and cured with freshwater met the minimum necessity for Class B, as specified by the Indonesian National Standard for parking park applications. As a result of incorporating POFA as a cement replacement, a more environmentally friendly paving block could be established.

Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Roda Dua Dalam Kasus Tilang Elektronik

The enforcement of legal measures against the misuse of registration plates on two-wheeled vehicles has become a critical concern in Indonesia's traffic system. This issue is exacerbated by the increasing number of violations leading to erroneous electronic fines (e-tickets), undermining public trust in the legal system. According to 2023 data from the Indonesian National Police, over 500 cases of counterfeit license plate usage resulted in misdirected e-tickets. This study examines the enforcement of laws addressing the misuse of vehicle registration plates under Law No. 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation. It focuses on identifying weaknesses in the current legal framework and ensuring the application of justice in cases of misallocated fines. Employing a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes existing regulations and evaluates relevant cases. The findings indicate that such misuse contravenes Articles 280 and 288 of Law No. 22 of 2009, which stipulate compliance with technical specifications and legality in vehicle registration. However, enforcement efforts face challenges such as inadequate monitoring tools and the lack of integrated vehicle data systems. This study recommends enhancing the data verification processes in e-ticketing systems and fostering stronger collaboration between law enforcement and related agencies to address these issues. Such measures aim to improve legal accountability and ensure equitable traffic supervision. By tackling these systemic shortcomings, the research contributes to restoring public confidence in traffic law enforcement and promoting a more effective legal framework for road safety in Indonesia.

Analysis of Determinants of Job Stress in Nurses Throughout Indonesia: Literature

Work stress is matter Which certainly experienced time works especially Of nurse that Where from Indonesian National Nurses Association, 50.9% of Indonesian nurses Which work experiences work stress. in This is what this research aims to do make know what the determinants are Which result work stress on nurse on Indonesia. Method Which used in the form of a literature study that obtained from research articles through a comprehensive search Which indexed similar Publish or Perish, Google Scholar, PubMed, and several other official sites originate period time 2021-2024. results study show that There is 7 determine Which hypnotizing work stress Of nurses, namely workload, work shifts, age, work fatigue, work environment, gender, and working time. conclusion on this research is determine that most generally mastered be found on work load Which experienced by nurse as a result this will have an impact Of the health of the nurses is good physically Also mental rather Also impact on quality of service quality. sang reason that, the provider should Can increase quality of the work environment for nurses, reducing workload, as well as have method make managing work stress Of nurse so that later the nurses capable convey health services Which the best as well as quality.

The effect of chlorella fortification on the quality of sago mocaf analogue rice

Analog rice is artificial rice shaped like rice which can be made from non-rice flour. This research aims to determine the effect of Chlorella fortification on the quality of sago mocaf analog rice and to find out the best formulation The method used in the study was an experiment with a non-factorial completely randomised design (CRD), with 4 treatment levels in the manufacturing of sago mocaf analog rice with different amount of Chlorella powder namely: 0 g (BA0), 1 g (BA1), 1.5 g (BA2) and 2 g (BA3). Based on the results, sago mocaf analogue rice-fortified Chlorella has a significant effect on appearance, aroma, taste, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate content but has no significant effect on the texture and moisture content at the 95% confidence level. Based on the organoleptic test, the addition 1 g of Chlorella powder (BA1 treatment) in the manufacturing of sago mocaf analog rice was most preferred by consumer acceptance with the characteristics: complete appearance and greenish colour (8.71), neutral aroma/no Chlorella smell/typical sago aroma (8.73), good taste and a slight taste of fish flour (8.60), very hard texture and not easily broken (8.63); with 4.70% of water content, 1.42% of ash, 10.57% of protein, 4.54% of fat and 78.84% of carbohydrate. Sago mocaf analog rice fortified Chlorella produced meet the Indonesian National Standard.Keywords: Analog Rice; Chlorella; Fortification; Mocaf; Sago

TESTING FOR BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION ON CHICKEN (Gallus gallus domesticus) IN THE TRADITIONAL MARKET OF SOUTH LANGOWAN DISTRICT

Chicken meat (Gallus gallus domesticus) plays an important role in society with its role as one of the sources of fulfillment of animal protein in Indonesia. With the high consumption of chicken meat by the public, the hygiene and safety of chicken meat must be ensured so as not to incur losses to the people. This study aimed to determine the bacterial contamination based on the testing of Total Plate Counts, Coliform, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella sp. Meet the requirement of the Indonesian National Standard on chicken meat in the traditional market of Langowan Selatan District. The method used in this research is a descriptive method to analyze and describe the results of the study, the testing using several indicators to directly conclude bacterial contamination. The results of the total plate count bacterial contamination test of the colonies, TPC in sample 1 = 29,1x kol/, sample 2 = 29,4x kol/, sample 3 = 27,7x kol/. MPN of Coliform and Escherichia coli results obtained in samples S1, S2, and S3 are 11x kol/gr. The results of microbact Salmonella sp. In samples S1 are positive, and S2 and S3 are negative. Based on observations, it is suspected that contamination occurs because sellers use equipment that is less sterile and there is no cover or barrier so the chicken meat is in direct contact with the air and customer. It is concluded that based on bacterial testing indicators, chicken meat in the traditional market of Langowan Selatan District has exceeded the limit of SNI 7388 2009 and is contaminated.

Peran Pesantren dalam Penanaman Moderasi Beragama: Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis

<p><strong>The diversity of religious communities creates challenges in maintaining harmony between religious communities. Various acts of intolerance to radicalism are problems that can disrupt harmony and damage the consensus of the Indonesian nation. Islamic boarding schools as Islamic religious educational institutions have a role in teaching and disseminating understanding that can strengthen and maintain harmony between religious communities in Indonesia, one of which is religious moderation which can be implemented in various ways and approaches for students. The purpose of this study is to identify various types of religious moderation instillation for students. This study uses a systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted on the Scopus database using the Publish Or Perish application based on publications from 2019 to 2024 using predetermined keywords. The determination of selection criteria resulted in 8 scientific articles to be analyzed in this study. The results of the study show that the instillation of religious moderation can be carried out by Islamic boarding schools in various ways, such as by combining modern education with traditional Islamic boarding school traditions, implementing multicultural education based on local culture, through understanding Sufi orders, utilizing digital learning, implementing hidden curriculum, organizing interfaith and cultural dialogues and halaqah, using the taghyir approach and strengthening intellectual traditions in the Islamic boarding school environment.</strong></p><div class="WordSection1"><p><strong><em>Keyword - </em></strong><em>Religious Moderation, Pesantren, Santri, Systematic Literature Review.</em></p></div>

Religious Moderation in the History of the Indonesian Nation

This study aims to analyze the values of Religious Moderation in the historical trajectory of the Indonesian Nation. The beginning of the establishment of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia began when the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read on August 17, 1945. Indonesia has an archipelago spread with a variety of customs, cultures, tribes, and beliefs. This diversity coexists peacefully, but lately, the Indonesian nation has experienced a crisis of heterogeneity. This is evidenced by several cases of intolerance, extremism, destruction of houses of worship and so on. Ideally, the predecessors of the Indonesian nation upheld the values of religious moderation which are now fading. The urgency of this research is to form an ideal understanding of religious moderation through historical values. This research uses qualitative methods with a history-based phenomenological approach. The primary data sources in this study are historical evidence, while the secondary data used are books, articles and reports that support the research. Data will be analyzed using Triangulation, Member Checking, and Conclusion Drawing techniques. The results showed that in terms of history the Indonesian nation has upheld the values of tolerance, harmony, and non-violence. This can be seen from the adoption of the Sutasoma book which became the basic foundation of the state and Pancasila as a moral instruction that contains philosophical values. Local wisdom in society has the value of religious moderation. The government in this case has made efforts through, training on strengthening Religious Moderation for the community, interfaith dialogue, the role of mass media, and government supp

Religion in political power: a philosophical study on the role of religion in the 2019 elections

In the sixteenth century, European countries were divided due to conflicts between Catholics and Protestants regarding which religion should govern. The conflict between them ultimately concluded not by granting special rights to a particular religion, but rather by separating the church from the state and strengthening the freedom of religion for everyone. This decision had the consequence of enhancing cross-border human solidarity beyond the barriers of religion, culture, economy, race, gender, and various other divides. The history of Indonesia is marked by dynamics somewhat similar, especially when examining efforts to find the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian nation. The inner atmosphere during the session of the Investigating Body for Preparatory Work for Independence/Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (BPUPK/PPKI) reflects well how the strong and argumentative discourse of the founding fathers led to the agreement to choose Pancasila as the shared philosophy. The founding fathers chose an ideal path for Indonesia by making Pancasila the philosophy, ideology, and foundation of the Indonesian state. Pancasila became the noble covenant of this nation, where within it, all diversity (pluralism) and heterogeneity of this nation are united but not standardized. Religion is one of the diversities and diversities of the Indonesian nation. There are six religions and various belief systems that coexist in Indonesia. In the 2019 general elections, the colors of support left certain traces that are worth reflecting on. From the vote counts of the General Election Commission, this support factor is visibly apparent. Provinces like Aceh and Bali, for example, can serve as references to observe these patterns of support. This is certainly something legitimate in the realm of democracy. However, when we look at various news and sentiments that emerged during the campaign, it is clear that religion was dragged into this practical political arena. This undoubtedly becomes an important reflection for the Indonesian nation in facing the dynamics of religious intertwining with politics.

LANGUAGE CONTESTATION AT BOROBUDUR TEMPLE, THE WORLD’S LARGEST BUDDHIST TEMPLE

This study aims to explore various types of public signs with different uses, designs, and materials to determine the contestation of local, national, and international languages in the Borobudur Temple area, particularly in relation to ideology and identity. Public signs were photographed on December 20, 2022. A total of 299 photos were analysed using linguistic landscape theories based on a qualitative descriptive method with techniques of quantification of qualitative data and interpretive descriptions. The results showed 28 types of signs. The most common public signs are of the Top-down type, with Indonesian being the most widely used language. This represents a solid national identity because Indonesian is the language of unity and the lingua franca of the entire Indonesian nation. English is the second most frequently used language at the Borobudur Temple, a well-known international tourist site. Other than Indonesian and English, Javanese language and script, which reflect local identities, are little used on public signs. The findings suggest that local language seems to be marginalised.

Strategic determinants of military expenditure in Indonesia: Insights from AHP

This study investigates the key determinants of defense spending in Indonesia using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize factors influencing budget allocations. Indonesia’s unique strategic position, resource wealth, and internal security challenges necessitate a comprehensive approach to defense budgeting. The AHP methodology was employed to assess the relative importance of four main criteria: National Resources, Internal Geopolitics, Finance, and Global Geopolitics. Data were gathered from a combination of literature reviews and insights from key stakeholders, including government agencies and academic experts. The results indicate that National Resources, particularly natural wealth such as oil, are the most critical factors driving military expenditure, highlighting Indonesia’s dependence on resource-based revenues. Internal Geopolitics, focusing on political stability and internal conflicts, also significantly influence defense spending, emphasizing the need for a stable domestic environment. The findings further reveal varying perspectives among stakeholders, particularly in financial and geopolitical considerations, underscoring the challenges in aligning strategic priorities. This research offers a structured framework for optimizing defense spending, providing valuable insights for policymakers in Indonesia and other nations with similar budgetary constraints. The study highlights the importance of a cohesive and informed defense budgeting strategy to enhance national security and economic sustainability.

Between State Duty and Peace Mission: The Other Side & Experience of Indonesia Peacekeeping Force in the Middle East

Further research has been conducted on the role of the Indonesian National Army and the Indonesian laskar after the declaration of independence on 17 August 1945 and during the revolutionary period from 1945 to 1949. However, after decolonization in the 1950s, military history including the lives of its members and their personal lives received less space in the narrative of military history. Peace veteran is a title given specifically to young Indonesians who had participated as special forces under the auspices of the United Nations. These young men did not only come from the TNI but also from student regiments who had the opportunity to join this special peacekeeping force. The main focus of this article revolves around their efforts to guard the border between Egypt and ‘Israel’ during the war in the Middle East. This article will use oral sources and personal documents from various Indonesian peacekeeping forces who served during this period. The results of the study show that although they were faced with uncertain situations, far from their families, and preparing to face the enemy, there was another side to their experiences, namely, meeting colleagues from other countries, language gaps, and other “normal” activities that they were still able to carry out while on duty.

Metode penelitian

The Indonesian nation since the 1945 Constitution was established as the Constitution of the Indonesian state. In its development, this agreement has transformed into a common ideal which is also usually called state philosophy or staatsidee (state ideals). In the concept of democracy, it contains the principles of popular sovereignty (democratie) while in the concept of the rule of law, it contains the principles of the rule of law (nomocratie). Law enforcement mechanisms must also be able to protect the rights of citizens from injustice with the principles of humanity and mutual respect for the continuity of existing laws. This becomes an integral part of the legal system with law enforcement authorities. Indonesia as a democratic rule of law country, adheres to the sovereignty of the people as well as the rule of law.search for research titles and abstracts is made easier by those key words.

Tan Malaka and Anti-Colonial Messaging during the Indonesian National Revolution

In the throes of the Indonesian National Revolution Dutch intelligence services were not backward in their attempts to decode anti-colonial messaging. The writings of national-communist Tan Malaka received special attention, alongside a range of ad hoc guerrilla organisations, many only loosely affiliated with the Republican regime. To this end, they assiduously collected pamphlets, graffiti, and documents and anything that could throw light on their adversaries. These materials survive in the Dutch archives. This article gives particular prominence to one of Tan Malaka’s little-studied prison writings, Gerpolek, his self-described handbook for political and military struggle, which is couched in highly populist language. The balance of the article discusses a range of guerrilla posters falling into Dutch hands, some mimicking the Tan Malakaist line and others of Islamic inspiration. As this article reveals, by lampooning the Japanese, Dutch, and British, these were powerful statements of a counter-narrative fast in the making, and with defence of independence and speedy defeat of the attacking Dutch forces the bottom line. While some of the material is also suggestive of “social revolution,” as the article concludes, it is a latent theme and largely outside of Marxist rhetoric.

The Data-Driven Approach in Transitioning Organizational Strategies and Capabilities: Insights from Indonesia's National Narcotics Agency

Anti-narcotics prevention measures, such as urine sampling of suspect offenders, citizen reporting of suspect narcotic activities, public education, or legal consultations used to be performed at provincial and city levels. To improve effectiveness and efficiency, Indonesia’s National Narcotics Agency (Badan Narkotika Nasional or BNN) centralized such initiatives by introducing BOSS (BNN One-Stop Service), an integrated service information system provided to the public. However, at present data generated by BOSS has not been fully exploited in the design of BNN strategy. The objective of this study is to explore the untapped potential of BOSS data to improve BNN strategy and capabilities, focusing on preventing and eradicating narcotics abuse. The methodology used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through document analysis and interviews. This study is expected to provide a preliminary interpretation of how BOSS data can improve BNN's ability to fight narcotics abuse more effectively and efficiently. The results of the study show that the integration of BOSS data can significantly optimize the efficiency, analytical capabilities, and responsiveness of BNN in dealing with narcotics abuse, showing that the use of strategic data from BOSS is the key to BNN's digital transformation for a more effective narcotics prevention and eradication strategy.

Assessing Multi-Hazard Risk through Spatial Analysis: A Geographic Information Systems for Susceptibility Mapping in Java Island, Indonesia

Abstract The geographic location and population make Java Island a disaster-prone area with various threats, including earthquakes, floods, landslides, and volcanic eruptions. Based on historical data, these four types of disasters caused a total of US$24,303,159,688 in economic losses in the last 50 years. In regard to the big loss, it is considered important to identify potential disaster risks to avoid more sustainable economic losses in the future. By utilizing developments in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, potential disaster risk mapping could be carried out. The process begins with preparing a map of the potential risk of earthquakes, floods, landslides, and volcanic eruptions by referring to the regulatory document of the head of the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) Number 2 of 2012 and Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Afterwards, the potential risk map for each type of disaster will be combined to determine the hazard level of each disaster in 1 square kilometer-sized pixels. The merging process uses annual economic loss data over a period of 50 years as a weighting factor. Based on the data, the results show that 11.554% (15.092 square kilometers) of the area of Java Island falls into the high hazard level class, 77.642% (101.413 square kilometers) into the moderate hazard level class, and 10.804% (14.112 square kilometers) into the low hazard level class. The resulting multi-hazard map could be further used for various specific purposes, such as creating an early warning system or estimating direct losses due to disasters.

Enhancement of Urban Forest into Healing Forest towards Sustainable Urban Ecosystem

Abstract The city of Bandung was known as the second-most populous city in West Java Province. This dense population contributes to a modern lifestyle, leading to stress. Nature therapy, such as activity in a healing forest, can help to alleviate stress. Babakan Siliwangi Urban Forest (BSUF) in Bandung City offers ecological, social, and cultural services that merit recognition as a healing forest. Therefore, this study evaluated whether BSUF complies with the Indonesian National Standard for Healing Forests requirements. Additionally, it aims to incorporate the healing forest concept into the existing design, thereby transforming the urban forest of BSUF into a healing forest. We used the survey method, questionnaires, and interviews to gather primary data about users’ perceptions of the landscape design of BSUF. This study also conducted observations to assess the physical environment of BSUF compared to Indonesian national standards. We found that the landscape elements of BSUF do not meet the required criteria despite the physical environment being quite suitable. Additional landscape elements and appropriate landscape designs are necessary to improve the physical environment of BSUF and make it a healing forest. Based on the evaluation of the landscape elements and the physical environment, we recommend creating a more comfortable resting place on the forest walk and improving the design of a spring area to be safer and more interesting.

Optimization of disaster management vessel networks in integrated disaster management governance in Indonesia using genetic algorithm

Abstract Indonesia is highly susceptible to natural disasters due to its location at the convergence of three major tectonic plates: the Indo-Australian, Eurasian, and Pacific plates. These disasters significantly impact the nation’s economic development. This study focuses on natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, floods, and flash floods. Currently, maritime disaster management primarily involves ships from the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI). However, this often leads to mismatches between disaster-prone areas and the locations of available ships, resulting in delayed emergency response times and higher disaster management costs. In addition to TNI ships, the government has vessels from the National Search and Rescue Agency (BASARNAS) and the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency (BAKAMLA) that could be utilized for disaster management. There are also situations where certain response functions cannot be effectively performed by ships, leading to inadequate assistance for disaster victims and potentially increasing fatalities. This research aims to optimize the use of existing ships for disaster management by considering operational costs and coverage areas through the application of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) method. GA is used to identify the optimal combination of ships that minimize costs and maximize coverage areas. The findings of this study provide several ship combinations suitable for responding to natural disasters in Indonesia, which can serve as valuable input for the government in enhancing disaster management efforts.