Indonesia-Timor Leste Research Articles

PUBLIC TRUST IN CUSTOMS SUPERVISION ON THE INDONESIA-TIMOR LESTE BORDER

This research intends to analyze the Public Trust's customs supervision of imports at the Indonesia-Timor Leste border in the KPPBC TMP B Atambua supervision area. Increasing customs supervision is very necessary for economic growth by increasing national income through various programs, one of which is exports and imports. The progress of exports and the reduction of imports are the benchmarks for a country's success. The problem is the slow rate of GRDP growth where in the last 5 (five) years Belu (Atambua) Regency has been ranked number 8 (eight) in the province of East Nusa Tenggara, which is a potential place for increasing economic progress in the border areas between Indonesia and Timor Leste. Apart from that, there are still many customs violations in the Indonesia - Timor Leste border area which have an impact on decreasing public confidence in customs supervision at KPPBC TMP B Atambua. The main theoretical basis used is supervision theory. This research uses a qualitative approach. The data sources in this research consist of primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from interviews, observation and documentation. Meanwhile, secondary data is also used in the data collection process, obtained from data including: Government Agency Performance Accountability Reports (LAKIN), Service User Satisfaction Surveys (SKPJ), and other documents. The research results show that accountability, synergy and collaboration, motivation, consistency, socialization of regulations, and public awareness influence Public Trust in government agencies or bureaucracy, especially KPPBC TMP B Atambua.

Social and Economic Development of Rural Border Area in Malaka and Belu Regencies (Border of Indonesia-Timor Leste)

Indonesia and Timor Leste have the same land area; these countries are located on Timor Island. It encourages interaction between regions, which can have positive or negative impacts. The adverse effects of the two countries' interaction must be minimized by formulating a strategy for developing border areas, especially village areas that directly border neighboring countries. This research aims to identify rural border communities' social and economic interactions and formulate development strategies for rural border areas in the Malaka and Belu Regencies. This research uses a qualitative research approach. The data collected includes a description of the social and cultural interactions carried out by rural communities and factual conditions that constitute strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities in developing rural border areas. The analysis results explain that the interactions between rural borders include socio-cultural and economic interactions in trade activities. The strategy for developing rural border areas is to increase defense and security and maintain social cohesion in border areas; strengthen local potential in each village; encourage rural economic activities (BUMDes or Cooperatives) to grow and develop, and export rustic products; form clusters in rural border areas with the same potential; strengthening cooperation networks with higher education, the private sector and non-governmental institutions in improving and developing rural border areas; strengthening rural economic activities with rural border markets; increasing rural community participation in border area maintenance efforts; as well as improving access to basic infrastructure, in particular electricity, roads, water and telecommunications.

The Effect of Improving Human Resources for Student Interest in Selecting University on Food Security and Health: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)

The selection of State Universities by students has a significant impact on improving the quality of human resources, so it can also affect the improvement of food security and health. This study aims to understand the extent of students' interest in selecting university which contributes to improving human resources and can indirectly affect food security and health. This study uses the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method to analyze the interaction between latent variables. Data was collected through questionnaires from high school students on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border. The data used in this study include students' interest in selecting university (Y), education and knowledge (X1), skills and abilities (X2), food security (X3), and health (X4). The results showed that students' interest in selecting university had a significant correlation with improving human resources through education by 90% (X1) and 84% (X2). The impact of this increase in human resources is also seen in the improvement of food security and public health which provides a correlation of 98% (X3) and 81% (X4).

Implications of the unresolved segment in Noel Besi-Citrana, land borders of Indonesia-Timor Leste, for territorial resilience

A state border constitutes proof of state sovereignty and, accordingly, is considered imperative as it affirms sovereignty boundaries and represents the international interest of a country. A border is an important and strategic area. It is strategic because, geographically speaking, a border area is blessed with natural resource potencies and market chances by virtue of its adjacency to neighboring countries. It is important in that it is in relation to the aspects of state sovereignty, defense and security, nationalism, society, economy, and culture. The research is aimed at analyzing the implications of the unresolved segment in Noel Besi-Citrana, land borders of Indonesia-Timor Leste, for territorial resilience. A qualitative method with a case study approach was used. Results demonstrated that the unresolved segment in Noel Besi-Citrana, land border areas of Indonesia-Timor Leste, attenuated border area resilience.

Structural Equation Modeling: The Influence of School Environment on Students' Interest in Selecting State University

Despite prior research on student interest in colleges, this study focuses specifically on how the school environment, including individual factors, friends, and teachers, influences students' interest in attending a state university. Understanding these influences can help improve educational systems to better guide students towards higher education. This study aims to determine the influence of the school environment on students' interest in selecting a state university. This research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing structural equation modeling to analyze the relationships between variables. This study examines how a school environment, captured by twelve indicators across individual, friend, and teacher influences, impacts students' interest in state universities. Therefore, data retrieval based on questionnaires is designed accordingly based on latent variables. The sample in this study were 474 high school and vocational school students on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border, which is precisely located in Timor Tengah Utara Regency. The results showed that the school environment that came from individuals, partners, and teachers had a major influence on students' interest in choosing State University. Based on the analysis of structural equations, it was found that individual environments had a direct influence of 98%, partner environments had an indirect influence of 90%, and teachers also indirectly affected 71%. This study contributes to the field by quantifying the distinct influences of individual, peer, and teacher aspects of the school environment on students' interest in attending state universities. This knowledge can inform the development of targeted interventions to improve educational guidance and support student decision-making.

Mother and Child Health Services in North Central Timor District Through the Mother and Child Love Movement Program (Border Area Studies Republik Indonesia-Republica Democratica De Timor Leste)

The maternal, infant and toddler mortality rates in North Central Timor Regency as the Indonesia-Timor Leste border area have fluctuated in the last 5 years (2013-2017). The Mother and Child Love Movement program has not been able to reduce the maternal, infant and toddler mortality rates so that the level of health mothers and children at TTU do not yet comply with national health standards. The elements analyzed include elements of structure/input, environment, process and output. specialists, general practitioners, nurse midwives and other health workers, the quality and quantity of health facilities and equipment, limited health budgets and the culture of the TTU community which is contrary to medical regulations. So that maternal and child health services in TTU Regency through the Mother and Child Love Movement program can be To reduce the mortality rate of mothers, babies and toddlers, the efforts that must be made by the government are the addition of specialist doctors at the Kefamenanu Regional Hospital, there must be a permanent doctor at every community health center in TTU, the addition of permanent midwives at the Regional Hospital and Community Health Centers, increasing the number and quality of health facilities and equipment such as community health centers, pustu, polindes, laboratories and pharmacies, health budget allocation according to community needs, improving the quality of antenatal, delivery and neonatal/postpartum care, slowly eliminating the culture/tradition of se'i, tattoos and slow decision making in referring patients to community health centers and hospital. The recommended model for maternal and child health services at TTU is the model of empowering women through safe motherhood (family planning, antenatal care, clean delivery and obstetrical services) and empowering posyandu, poskesdes, posbindu and standby villages as community-based health efforts by community health centers

Optimization model growth and equalization of farmer’s income in the rotiklot dam service area on the border area of Indonesia-Timor Leste

The study aims to analyze optimization models of growth and income distribution. The study used a survey method in Fatuketi Village, Kakuluk Mesak District as the Rotiklot Dam service area, with a sample of 300 respondents. Data analysis uses a multi-objective linear programming model for growth and equal distribution of agricultural income. The results of the analysis show that an income of IDR 11,576,192.00 per year is an income that optimizes growth and income distribution. Optimizing growth and equal distribution shows that the average income of farmers in the first planting season was IDR. 4,132,108 and IDR. 7,444,084 in planting season II. The marginal land used is 300 ha with the volume of water needed to meet all plant needs as much as 1,986,565.16 m3. Agricultural income can still be increased for the third planting season because there is still excess water of 948,434.84 m3.

Evaluation of Malaria Microscopy Diagnostic Performance at the Public Health Center on the Border of Indonesia Timor-Leste.

Accurate diagnosis is a key strategy for controlling and preventing malaria. Regular evaluation of the performance of malaria microscopy diagnosis is essential to ensure its high quality. This study aims to assess the accuracy of malaria microscopy at selected public health facilities on the border of Indonesia and Timor-Leste. The design of this research is observational with a cross-sectional approach, conducted at five public health centers located on the Indonesia Timor-Leste border from July to September 2022. Stained slides were collected from patients with a fever (≥37°C). These stained slides were then examined for malaria diagnosis. The results revealed that all five public health centers showed perfect or nearly perfect agreement with the reference microscopist regarding malaria detection by microscopy (κ =0.9-1). To maintain the high quality of malaria microscopy diagnosis, it is imperative to conduct regular training, monitoring, and evaluation.

Impact of agricultural infrastructure development on inequality and optimization equality of farmers’ income in Indonesia-Timor Leste Border Area

This research aims to analyze income inequality and the factors determining inequality, as well as the allocation of land resources that optimize income distribution. The research is a continuation of previous research that found production and income growth as a result of the construction of the Roticlot Dam in the border area of Indonesia and TimorLeste. The research used survey methods in Fatuketi Village, the location of agricultural infrastructure (Rotiklot Dam) in the Indonesia and Timor Leste Border Area. Data analysis uses Gini, Tobit ratios, and linear programming. The results of the Gini ratio analysis show that there has been a decrease in income inequality from medium (Gini Ratio = 0.44) to low (Gini Ratio = 0.26); and the results of the Tobit analysis state that the factor that has a significant positive effect on income inequality is land area, while farmer independence, the number of family dependents, and business capital have a significant negative effect. Furthermore, land resource factors that have a positive influence on income distribution are allocated appropriately and fairly so that income equality is achieved, namely IDR 3,732,692.81 (Gini Ratio = 0.00, which is a very low level of income inequality). It is recommended that agrarian reform through the distribution of additional land be adjusted to the existing conditions of land area, income, availability of water resources, and socio-economic factors.

Synergy Of Village-Owned Enterprises And Local Product-Based Umkm In Tourist Villages In Border Areas Indonesia - Timor Leste

The MSME sector is an economic milestone for villages in border areas. As one of the two countries' border crossings, tourist villages on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border have great potential in developing their business scale which can provide income not only for MSMEs, but for Border Village Original Income (PADes). However, the problem is that MSME actors in these border villages are still hampered in terms of capital, technological innovation, workforce expertise and marketing systems. On the other hand, the existence of Bumdes can be a solution to the problems faced by MSME actors. In this study, researchers will look for the root of the problems faced by MSMEs and BUMDes by conducting interviews with MSME actors, Village Heads and BumDes Management in 3 (Three) Border Villages, namely: Duarato Village, Tohe Village and Siwalan Village in Belu District. Then formulate policy priorities that must be implemented by the Village Government and BUMDes in order to move MSMEs through qualitative analysis techniques. The research results show that: (1) Business Environment Aspects; the importance of maintaining the surrounding environment so that it remains safe and conducive in supporting business development (2) Capital Aspects; access to capital from non-bank parties and from cooperatives to business actors (3) employment aspect; Local governments need to provide training facilities for workers. (4) Information Technology Aspects; every business actor has mastery of technology including mastery of banking digitization (5) Marketing Aspect; the importance of marketing training for business actors to maintain business continuity. The final implication of this research is the realization of BUMDes goals in driving the village economy. In addition, with the existence of the BUMDes program that supports MSMEs, it is hoped that it will be able to increase the business scale of MSMEs and Village Original Income (PADes) for tourist villages on the border of Indonesia - Timor Leste.

Dynamics of Border Conflict Resolution Between Indonesia-Timor Leste

Border areas are areas that are geographically directly adjacent to other countries. The border area is also one of the strategic areas, where the area that nationally concerns the lives of many people, both in terms of political, economic, social, cultural, and hankam interests. Border conflicts are usually particularly vulnerable if the contested territory has excellent natural and economic resource potential. The purpose of this study is to describe the factors that cause conflict and the urgency of boundary affirmation and describe efforts to resolve boundaries through regulation and non-regulation. The method used is a qualitative method with a type of descriptive approach through literature study. Based on the results of the study, it is understood that the settlement of Indonesia's border with Timor-Leste will be carried out peacefully, without the threat of violence, and with full respect for international law. This article seeks to understand the Indonesia-Timor Leste border dispute from the perspective of international relations. Three strategies can be taken by Indonesia to resolve this dispute, namely military confrontation, the use of formal institutions such as international organizations, and the use of informal institutions namely norms, beliefs, ideas, and values. This article argues that to resolve the dispute between Noel Besi/Citrana and Bijael Sunan/Oben it is not enough to rely on international treaties alone, Indonesia needs to put more emphasis on the importance of understanding the norms, beliefs, ideas, and values of indigenous peoples living in the disputed area. The role of the government in efforts to maintain the integrity of the country's territory through bilateral communication and cooperation can then be utilized by local actors to resolve conflicts and participate in defending the territory.

Fiscal Decentralization and Farmer Empowerment in Indonesia-Timor Leste Border: A Case Study of Village Fund

Farmers in the border areas often face challenges due to a lack of facilities and sufficient infrastructure. As a nation that shares borders with several countries, the Indonesian government aims to facilitate economic growth in these areas. One viable approach to achieve this objective is through the effective allocation of village funds. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors influencing the empowerment of farmers in the Indonesia-Timor Leste border using village funds. Data were collected using a survey method from 325 household heads, who served as respondents. The collected data were analyzed using the Structure Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results showed that human, social and physical capital owned by farmers on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border had an indirect effect on the strength of empowerment programs funded through village funds. This indicated that apart from implementing policies, the community must also be involved in the planning and implementation of various programs. Furthermore, the central or regional government must play an active role during the designing stages as well as involve farmers and experts in the empowerment process in the Indonesia-Timor Leste border areas.

Integrasi Filosofi Adat Kneter-Ktaek dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah di Perbatasan Indonesia-Timor Leste

Integration of the Kneter-Ktaek Indigenous Philosophy in Learning History at the Indonesia-Timor Leste Border The method in this research is a qualitative approach with the library study method, namely collecting or conducting document studies on sources and literature related to this study. The results of this study indicate that learning has a similar meaning to teaching, although it has a different connotation. In the context of education, teachers teach so that students can learn and master the content of lessons so as to achieve something objective (cognitive aspect) can also influence changes in attitudes (affective aspects) and acquire certain skills (psychomotor aspects). The purpose of learning history is not just to memorize and repeat event information. More than that, the intended purpose is for students to actualize themselves in society as social beings. There are three main points divided into categories. First, Hakneter-Haktaek (Appreciation and Respect). Second, Ktuik-Kbatak/Kadalolok (Boundaries). Third, So Re (Dignity). To uphold So Re (dignity and dignity) in public life is known. First, Sara Mata-Didin Sara, which is a principle of respect for mutual respect (hatetu-harani). Second, Sara Mata-Soe Re. Third, Lia Lulik.

Comparative advantages and factors affecting agriculture production and income in the food estate area on the Indonesia–Timor-Leste border

The Indonesian government has created a food estate area in Belu Regency, supported by the construction of the Rotiklot Dam, in the expectation that it would increase agricultural production and income, as well as stimulate the economy of the border region. The study aims to analyze (i) the comparative advantage of agricultural commodities in the food estate area and (ii) the effect of social characteristics and physical inputs on increasing farmers’ production and income in the food estate area in the border region. The data used consisted of primary data obtained from interviews with 300 respondents, selected through purposive sampling from a population of 4500, and secondary data from related agencies. The data analysis employed location quotient (LQ) and the partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS). Social input was reflected by 5 variables and physical input by 3 variables, while production was reflected by 6 variables and income by 7 variables. The LQ results show that maize and rice production in the food estate area is superior to other areas, and maize grows faster than rice crops. The comparative advantage is due to physical and social factors; based on the results of SEM-PLS, physical factors have direct and indirect effects on production and income, while social factors have an indirect effect on farmers' income through agricultural production. Expansion of the planting area by utilizing water from the Rotiklot Dam and increasing the motivation of farmers through input subsidies are needed to optimize the increase in farmers' production and income.

The Roles of Atambua Customs and Challenges in Dealing with Garment Smuggling in Indonesia-Timor Leste Border Area

Border areas are often the center of crime and tend to be dominated by issues of transnational crimes, including garment smuggling, mainly used clothes. This study aims to examine the strategy of the Indonesian government in dealing with garment smuggling at the border area between East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and Timor Leste. The Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) accordingly exercises its essential role in supervising goods in and out of the border area between Indonesia and other countries. This article discloses that although Atambua Customs and Excise agency has conducted preventive and repressive approaches mainly by carrying out operations, patrols, and surveillance activities at the border area, the used clothes smuggling remains problematic due to officials’ practices of bribery and residents’ permissive actions. The authors use the concepts of transnational crime, garment smuggling, and border security by utilizing a qualitative method with a case study model. Primary data is collected from interviews with the Atambua Customs and Excise agency, and secondary data is collected from documents, books, and websites.

Eco-Friendly Digital Economy Philosophy on the Indonesia-Timor Leste Border

The people on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border are classified as poor and need to be empowered. Poverty is not due to a lack of natural resources but because the natural potential has not been optimally explored. President Joko Widodo has paid attention to the border area to be developed to grow a new economic point for the local people. This research method applies qualitative methods with a philosophical approach. Study findings indicate that the Indonesia-Timor Leste border area, especially Belu Regency is rich in environmentally friendly resources and digital economy that can be developed. An eco- friendly digital economy philosophy on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border can become a reference framework for implementing development at the border toward people’s welfare. The philosophy of an environmentally friendly digital economy can become a new thought innovation that drives the dynamics of development towards improving the economic quality of 600 thousand people for a better life. An environmentally friendly digital economy philosophy can be a solution to poverty in border areas to improve the welfare of the local community. This research provides a framework and recommendations for the Indonesian government to carry out development activities in border areas.

Land capability and carrying capacity analysis against land use change in the Motaain Border Region (Indonesia-Timor Leste)

Changes in land use in the border regions of the Motaain state (Indonesia-Timor Leste) are caused by population growth and a variety of activities of the population. Thus, changes in land use that are not controlled affect the ability and carrying capacity of the land. Moreover, the research objective is to assess the characteristics of the region from the physical aspects of the environment to spatial changes, as a reference for controlling spatial use. The analytical methods are used population density and activity density (Kernel density); analysis of activity patterns (cluster and outlier analysis and spatial auto-correlation Moran’s I); class analysis of land capability and carrying capacity (overlay); and quantitative statistical quantitative analysis. The results of the analysis explain that from the year 2013 until 2017 the border area of the Motaain state experienced population growth and activities, these affected spatial patterns that change in land use from non-developed land to build-up land. It is also explained that overlay analysis results are more dominant land capability classes are very low as well as the carrying capacity to land that is predominantly a potential and protected development area. The difference in capability and carrying capacity to land is a product of social activities that cannot be controlled.

Increasing Understanding of Food Security Program in Malaka District on the Nusa Tenggara Timur Border Between Indonesia and Timor Leste

Food security is closely related to health, one aspect of well-being and the main focus of human development. Efforts to avoid food insecurity are experienced in areas with natural conditions and relatively little rainfall, such as the Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, especially in the Malaka Regency, the border area of Indonesia-Timor Leste. This community service activity aims to deepen understanding of Malaka Regency has food security by looking at the Malaka Agricultural Revolution Program (RPM), the policy to increase community economic productivity. We are writing this activity with a descriptive method using a simple qualitative approach. Data sources come from various literature and discussions with the government (Bupati) and the people of Malaka Regency. The RPM program positively impacts agronomic performance (rice, corn, and shallots) so that it can increase productivity, agricultural production, income and community welfare. However, there are still factors that hinder the implementation of the RPM Program, including internal factors (knowledge, skills and attitudes of farmers in dealing with changes brought about by the RPM program) and external factors (climate, availability of fertilizers, technology, etc).

Regional financial performance analysis north central timor district

North Central Timor Regency is one of the regencies in the border region of the Republic of Indonesia-Timor Leste. This region is still categorized as an underdeveloped region with a fairly high percentage of poverty. The most reliable source of regional revenue comes from potential regional taxes and levies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the regional financial performance when viewed from the ratio of regional financial independence, the ratio of regional financial dependence and fiscal decentralization. Some of the variables used for data analysis needs are the value of PAD, Balancing Funds and Capital Expenditures from 2001-2018 obtained from the publications of the Central Statistics Agency. The results showed thatRegional financial capacity seen from the regional financial independence of North Central Timor Regency in financing its regional needs in the context of implementing regional autonomy is still low and dependence on other regions through the central government is very high.

Financial Literacy and Personal Financial Management Assessment among Students in Border Area of Indonesia-Timor Leste

Financial literacy has become a global trend and the need for individuals to take responsibility for their finances. Still, financial literacy and financial management have not yet become a course in some universities, especially Timor University, which lies in the border area of Indonesia-Timor Leste (BAITL). Economic literacy and student financial management levels need to be analyzed because they relate to expenditure, income, credit, savings, and investments. This study aimed to evaluate financial literacy level and personal financial management level among college students in BAITL. This research includes quantitative descriptive analysis. Data was collected using a questionnaire from 165 undergraduate college students in the mathematics education department of a public university in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia. The results showed that the total average level of student financial literacy (SFL) was 67.48%. The comprehensive middle student personal finance management (SPFM) is 57.34%, and the estimated result of the linear regression model is SPFM = 3.158 + 0.338SFL. These results were significant at a degree of freedom of 163 and Alpha 5% of the t-test results. From the study results, it can conclude that the personal financial management of students of mathematics education is still low. The level of financial literacy of students in the border area includes less literate. If the SFL is a fixed value, then each increase in SFL of 1 unit will increase SPFM 0.338.