Indonesian National Research Articles

Sosialisasi Manajemen Kesehatan Kambing Perah serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Kualitas Susu pada Peternak Kambing Perah di Kecamatan Ampelgading dan Tirtoyudo Kabupaten Malang

Goat's milk is a food of animal origin that is easily damaged and requires handling after the milking process. Ampelgading and Tirtoyudo sub-districts are areas in Malang Regency where some of the population are dairy goat breeders. This community service aims to provide socialization and education on good animal health management so that it can improve the quality of goat milk. The activity began with collecting farmer data and analyzing the situation of dairy goat farming. The socialization method was carried out by conducting focus group discussions about knowledge of animal health management and checking the quality of goat milk. Milk composition testing uses Lactoscan, while organoleptic testing is based on Indonesian National Standard 01-2346-2006 concerning organoleptic and sensory testing instructions. The results of community service show that the quality of dairy goat milk in Ampelgading and Tirtoyudo Districts is premium based on the Thailand Agriculture Standard 2008. The results of the organoleptic test of goat milk have remained the same based on SNI 3141-1-2011 regarding the quality of fresh milk. The results of this goat milk quality test can be used as a basis for farmers to improve livestock management and milking. Through this activity, farmers can implement good livestock health management so that the quality of goat milk and the selling price increase. This activity will encourage young farmers to be more interested in becoming dairy goat breeders who have high economic prospects and contribute to increasing goat milk productivity. Apart from that, this activity can improve the welfare of farmers by improving the quality of goat milk with higher selling power.

Blue Carbon Potential of Mangrove Ecosystems and Its Management to Promote Climate Change Mitigation in Indonesia

This research aimed to analyze blue carbon potential and mangrove ecosystem management in promoting climate change mitigation in Indonesia. The collected data included mangrove area data obtained through the Indonesian National Ecosystem Monitoring System (SIMONTANA). This research calculated the carbon stock using the global average of mangrove carbon stock. The results showed that the total blue carbon stored in mangrove ecosystems reached 3,267.87 Megaton Carbon (MtC). Papua and Kalimantan regions contributed the most significant potential, with 1,707.22 MtC and 608.17 MtC, respectively. The absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) reached 11,982.21 MtCO2e. The most significant CO2 gas emissions absorption was observed in the Papua region, amounting to 6,259.80 MtCO2e, followed by Sumatra with 2,118.59 MtCO2e. This high potential value correlated with mangrove ecosystem management policies, such as conservation, restoration, and blue carbon monetization. Mangrove management for climate change mitigation was carried out through national and international cooperation to achieve the 26% to 40% emission reduction target. The existing management model of mangrove ecosystems focused on improving ecological sustainability with less orientation on improving community welfare. Implementing blue carbon monetization at the district level by involving the community as the owners or managers of the mangrove ecosystems is crucial.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Korps Brimob Polri dalam Bidang KBRN untuk Menghadapi Ancaman Terorisme: Sebuah Pendekatan dalam Mendukung OMSP

This research aims to analyze the enhancement of the Indonesian National Police Mobile Brigade Corps (Korps Brimob Polri) in handling terrorism threats involving Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) materials, to support the implementation of Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW). CBRN-based terrorism has become a serious threat in Indonesia and internationally, with increasing attacks using these dangerous materials from 2011 to 2019. Korbrimob, as the elite unit of the Indonesian National Police (Polri), plays a strategic role in addressing these threats. However, further development is needed in organizational capacity, human resources, equipment, and inter-agency coordination to improve handling effectiveness. This research employs a qualitative approach using SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) to evaluate the internal and external factors that influence Korbrimob’s capability in dealing with CBRN terrorism. Data was collected through interviews with stakeholders, document analysis, and field observations. Data validation was performed through triangulation techniques to ensure the accuracy of the research findings. The key findings of this study indicate that while Korbrimob Polri has established specialized CBRN units across Indonesia, several weaknesses persist, including equipment limitations, lack of adequate training, and ineffective synergy with relevant agencies, including the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) and the National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT). Korbrimob’s main strength lies in its personnel capabilities and cross-sectoral cooperation, but weaknesses in authority and resources hinder the necessary capacity improvements. This research recommends increasing Korbrimob’s authority in handling CBRN, developing specialized equipment, and enhancing joint training frequency with TNI and other relevant agencies to improve readiness in facing CBRN-based terrorism threats.

Leveraging Telemedicine for Disaster Response: Longitudinal Study on Return-to-Work Programs During the COVID-19 Crisis.

Since COVID-19, Indonesia has legalized telemedicine in medical services, including Return to Work (RTW). RTW programs help occupational injury-disabled workers return to work. This research examines how telemedicine supports RTW for employees with occupational injuries. The study used Interrupted Time Series Analysis (ITSA) to find patterns and trends in RTW program telemedicine case numbers and claim settlements over time. A total of 1 314 data were obtained from the Indonesian National Social Security Agency on Employment (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan) from July 1, 2015, to December 2022. Telemedicine reduces the frequency of recurrent occupational injuries in persons with impairments (Relative Risk [RR] = 0.59). In addition, the integration of telemedicine into health care practices exhibits promising prospects in terms of mitigating the financial burden on social security programs. This is supported by a robust RR (0.6). Telemedicine reduced the number of repeat cases and optimized medical claims cost in the RTW program during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results will contribute to policy and assist health care professionals and employers in improving RTW outcomes for disabled people.

Strategi Penguatan Moderasi Beragama Melalui Kegiatan Festival Anak Sholeh di Desa Perkebunan Tanjung Beringin

Religious moderation is the most important key in maintaining harmony and harmony in a diverse society to prevent radicalism. Religious moderation and tolerance are two different and different things. Religious moderation is a path that consists of several stages that must be passed, while tolerance is the result of the stages that have been passed before. From religious moderation, an attitude of tolerance will be formed between fellow human beings, so that harmony between religious communities will be created which will later function to strengthen the unity and unity of the Indonesia nation. Humans are required to interact to meet their needs in society. Relations between religious people are based on the principle of good brotherhood, working together to face enemies and defending those who suffer. Religious harmony is needed in establishing good relationships in community life. In this context, it is discussed that this research is an inculcation of the value of tolerance between religious communities.

Transformation of Business Licensing through a Single Submission System on Public Service Efficiency: A Case Study of the Indonesia National Single Window Agency (LNSW)

The Indonesia National Single Window (LNSW) Agency developed a single submission system, namely the Indonesia National Single Window (SINSW) System, as a one-stop submission facility. Before the development of SINSW, the process of applying for business permits in Indonesia was complicated and time-consuming. This is because stakeholders have to process permits directly with various relevant ministries or institutions, causing data repetition and cost and time inefficiencies in the export, import and logistics processes. This research aims to analyze the transformation of LNSW into a one-stop business licensing and management agency through the implementation of SINSW and its impact on the efficiency of public services in exports, imports and logistics in Indonesia. This research also compares the implementation of the National Single Window (NSW) in Korea, Singapore, and Japan. The results of the research are recommendations for improving the efficiency of LNSW services in the future through the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) via chatbots to handle complaints of slow responses for service users.

Effects of Harvest Time and Acacia crassicarpa Age on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Apis mellifera L. Honey in Tropical Indonesian Forests

The comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical profile of monofloral honey derived from Acacia crassicarpa, specifically in the Indonesian tropical forest ecosystem, has not been fully explored. The physicochemical characteristics of honey significantly influence its quality and consumer acceptance. Harvest time and the age of Acacia plants, which are suspected to affect honey’s physicochemical properties, are this study’s focal points. Our objective is to analyze the impact of harvest time and Acacia age on the physicochemical characteristics of honey. Using a complete randomized block design, treatments were administered at 14, 21, and 30 days of harvest within three Acacia age groups: 3, 8, and 18 months. The honey composition was assessed following the Indonesian National Standard 8664:2018 procedure. The statistical analysis determined the optimal harvest period for honey by assessing its physicochemical properties and comparing them to the Indonesian National Standard 8664:2018 procedure (SNI 8664:2018 standards). One-way analysis of variance evaluated the effects of harvest time and plant age on composition, followed by a least significant difference tests to identify significant differences between harvest times. Results indicate a significant influence of harvest time and Acacia age on all honey composition variables, including diastase enzyme activity, hydroxymethylfurfural content, moisture level, sugar content, and acidity (P<0.01). Our findings suggest optimal honey harvest at 30 days, aligning with the 8th and 18th months of A. crassicarpa. Most variables met SNI 8664:2018 standards, except acidity levels. Further investigation is needed to discern the causes of acidity in Apis mellifera honey from Indonesian peat swamp forests.

The Role of Faith and Moral Education in Generation Z and Generation Alpha to Welcome the Golden Indonesia 2045

The great vision of the Indonesian nation is towards the Golden Indonesia 2045. To establish this vision, it is necessary to have moral education as a basic capital for Generation Z and Generation Alpha as an internal fortress in facing challenges in the future. However, many moral decline behaviors continue to be shown by Generation Z and Generation Alpha, even though this generation is the hope of the Indonesian nation in the future. So the purpose of this study is to the role of moral education in Generation Z and Generation Alpha in welcoming the golden Indonesia 2045. The research method used is Library Research with a descriptive approach. The results of the study show that moral education is the key as part of the moral values ​​of religious-Pancasilaism to the two generations. Because through faith (nature) moral education (nurture) is born as an internal and external factor in humans to filter bad influences that come from within or from outside. The future of Indonesia is at stake because it is in the hands of Generation Z and Generation Alpha. Therefore, through the synergy of multi-connected projections of positive trends in faith and moral education in the family environment, educational environment, and social community environment as a manifestation and embodiment of nature and nurture from the cradle to the present and the future, it can shape generation Z and generation Alpha into a religious-Pancasilaist generation as a great capital to lead the Indonesian nation in the future. Keywords: Faith and Morals, Generation Z, Generation Alpha

Legal Protection of Social Security and Forms of Providing Accountability, Coaching, and Welfare for Indonesian National Athletes

The aim of this research is to analyze the legal protection provided by athletes for those who are not included in the social security program in the event of an injury and old-age pension security. National athletes have basic rights such as the right to education, health and protection from exploitation. They also have the right to receive appropriate rewards for their efforts and achievements in sports. Legal protection is necessary to ensure that these rights are respected and protected. The government has an important role in the legal protection of national athletes, including in terms of funding, coaching, accountability, training, sports facilities and sports promotion. The government also has an obligation to protect athletes from exploitation and discrimination. In order to achieve brilliant sporting achievements, strong legal protection for national athletes is very important. This provides encouragement for athletes to fully commit to their sport without having to worry about any legal issues that may arise. Thus, legal protection for national athletes is an essential aspect in advancing sports and encouraging future generations of athletes to achieve higher achievements.

Design and Implementation of Wind Speed-Based Radar Antenna Safety System Prototype

Air defense radar is a system that detects the presence of one or more air objects at a certain distance, altitude, and direction. One type of air defense radar used by the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) is the Thomson TRS 2215D. An essential part of the radar is the rotating part of the radar antenna support called the antenna pivot. The rotation of the radar antenna must constantly be monitored and controlled for rotational stability at a speed of 6 Rotations per Minute (RPM) with a maximum wind speed of 120 km/h to prevent damage to the driving gear. Stormy weather with high wind speeds can cause the rotation speed of the radar antenna to be uncontrollable, which can cause damage. The solution offered in this study is to build a safety system that will lock the radar antenna automatically when the wind speed is detected to exceed tolerances and maintain the security of the radar antenna and its support system. The safety system was designed using an ESP32 Wi-Fi device equipped with an anemometer wind speed sensor, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitor, a Direct Current (DC) motor, and a Blynk Internet of Things (IoT) application. The test was conducted in a simulation using a multi-meter and oscilloscope measuring instrument. Testing the radar antenna's safety system prototype on a laboratory scale shows that the safety system can work as designed. The system can lock the radar antenna when the airflow is set at a speed of 54 km/h or 15 m/s, communication with the Blynk server works well, and the ESP32 device can transmit data at a maximum distance of 14 meters.

Troops Preparation Policy On A World Peace Mission

Indonesia’s involvement in peacekeeping missions has long been a key part of its foreign policy, contributing to world peace as outlined in Republic of Indonesia Law Number 37 of 1999 concerning Foreign Relations. This study aims to analyze the government's policy implementation regarding troop preparation for world peace missions, particularly in relation to Indonesia's role as a Troops Contributing Country (TCC) to the United Nations (UN). The research utilizes a qualitative descriptive approach to understand the intricacies of the troop preparation process through George Edward III's policy implementation model, which emphasizes the importance of disposition, communication, resources, and bureaucracy. Data were collected through document analysis, interviews, and observation of relevant practices in Indonesian military operations. The findings highlight that the personnel selection process for peacekeeping missions is highly structured, requiring compliance with rigorous standards set by both the Indonesian government and the UN. The pre-deployment training, supervised by the TNI (Indonesian National Army) Headquarters, ensures that selected personnel are adequately prepared for their assignments. This comprehensive preparation includes mental and physical readiness, as well as the necessary technical and language skills. The results also emphasize the importance of strong inter-agency coordination, particularly between the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to ensure the success of these missions. Furthermore, the study reveals that budgetary and resource constraints remain significant challenges in sustaining peacekeeping operations. In conclusion, Indonesia's contribution to global peacekeeping missions underscores the nation's commitment

The influence of nanochitosan-incorporated edible coating on the characteristics of Pangasius (Pangasius sp.) fillet

Nanochitosan is known to have the potential to protect fish fillets, highly perishable products, as it can penetrate deep into the meat tissue and has high antibacterial activity. This study aimed to analyze the effect of nanochitosan incorporation to edible coating in inhibiting the degradation of Pangasius fillet quality during storage. The fillets were soaked with 2 % chitosan and nanochitosan concentrations (1 %, 2 %, and 3 %), stored for 15 days, and its quality was assessed periodically. On the 10th day of storage, the fillet coated with 2 % nanochitosan-incorporated edible coating (NEC) showed the lowest weight loss (1.41 ± 0.01 %) and maintained the pH close to neutral (6.92 ± 0.08), along with low TVB-N (33.55 mg N/100 g). and TPC (4.7 × 105 CFU/g) value, fulfilling the standard set by Indonesian National Standardization Agency. Based on the results, nanochitosan proved to extended the storage duration of Pangasius fillet while maintaining its quality.

Antibiotic Susceptibility among Infective Endocarditis Population: Syndromic Antibiogram Evaluation at Indonesian National Cardiovascular Center

Infective Endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening disease with a high mortality rate (25%). Laboratory approaches to support the diagnosis of IE especially blood and/or cardiac vegetation culture, are crucial for providing definitive therapy. However, negative culture is frequently observed, therefore empirical use of antibiotics seems unavoidable and may lead to increasing antimicrobial resistance. This study aims to observe the prevalence of antibiotic susceptibility among the IE population using the WISCA approach. This retrospective study observed medical record data of all inpatients diagnosed with IE according to ICD-10 at Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital (NCCHK) between January 2018 and December 2022. Patient data were combined with bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility test data from the laboratory information system, and evaluated based on period (year). A total of 67,858 inpatients and 1.1% (n=772) were diagnosed with IE. Successful culture growth (blood and/or cardiac vegetation specimen) was between 36.8% and 70% annually. Streptococcus viridans group (82/237, 34.6%) and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (57/237, 24.1%) were dominantly observed among the IE population. Low susceptibility among Penicillin (34.3%) towards Gram-positive bacteria, as first-line treatment option in IE. Meanwhile, high susceptibility range was observed in Ceftriaxone (95.7%), Gentamicin (80.4%), Rifampicin (84.4%), and Vancomycin (98.7%) as second-line treatment in IE. Despite the low prevalence, the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in IE has become a priority concern. Continuing the syndromic antibiogram is mandatory to assist the trend of empirical antibiotic usage and refine the established local treatment guidelines.

INDONESIAN NATION BUILDING DISCOURSES IN JAPANESE NEWSFILMS, 1942–1945

As an important chapter in Indonesia's modern history, Japanese occupation had profound impacts on every aspect of the nation's culture and society. It was at this time that Japan started to develop and manage Indonesian film industry which was crucial in providing the idealized and positive role models needed to strengthen and reaffirm Indonesian nationalism. Considering the importance of this industry, this paper aims to investigate how the concepts of nationalism and national characters unique to Indonesia are defined and reinforced in wartime newsreels used as social communication tools under Japanese imperial control. The method used in this study is discourse analysis to observe the ideological messages inside the newsreels important for nation building. The result of this study shows that the main elements in films of this period are systemically designed to construct narrative in line with Indonesia’s nation building despite its nature as media of Japanese propaganda. Through the use of cinematic discourses, newsreels tend to visualize images of an emerging nation having successfully developed a sense of identity and national belonging. This analysis is further contextualized with the propaganda reports of the time to identify how the Japanese inspired nationalism is still embodied in modern texts.

The New Strategy to Improve Indonesia's National Economic Growth

Post-order new economic growth has decreased. The source of the decline in economic growth is that state revenues in the oil and gas sector have decreased. Indonesia needs more consistent high economic growth to accelerate Indonesia's leap to become a high-income country. In this situation Thus, there are several challenges so that Indonesia can achieve growth targets and, at the same time maintain growth The challenges that must be faced​ in the form of quality sources of Power are human beings who still have valued investment in resources Power life and wealth intellectuals who are still low, plus with Posture exports that have not been worth economy high. With this, an appropriate policy strategy is needed for the three things above to become locomotives of future economic growth. Although Indonesia needs high economic growth, several boundaries must be adhered to, namely, the nature of economic growth must be inclusive, so as not to widen the gap in social inequality. A growth economy must be supported by a diversity of rich life and, at the same time intended to guard sustainability naturally as a source of main Continuity of Development and Justice between generations.

ISLAMISME, MODERASI BERAGAMA, DAN SOLO GENEOLOGI PEMAHAMAN MODERASI BERAGAMA KELOMPOK ISLAM DI SOLO

The diversity of beliefs, religions and cultures of the Indonesian nation is an inevitability that often causes friction between residents. Some groups force their beliefs on other groups and even commit violence in the name of religion to achieve this goal. This is what drives the government through the Ministry of Religion to promote Religious Moderation so that Indonesian people do not get caught up in religious fanaticism. This study is a library research that uses books and journals as the main documents with the background of the city of Solo which is known as one of the pockets of the Islamic movement. The study found that the extreme understanding of Islamic groups is based on their belief that Indonesia is not an Islamic country that must be Islamized and based on their understanding of wala' wal bara' which forms an understanding to be hostile to infidels and reject their leadership. Therefore, strengthening literacy and dialogue are the means that must be carried out to change this extreme understanding.

Design System of Solar-Powered Safety Lamp Integrated Proximity Sensor as a Solution for Accident Prevention at Blind Spot Areas

The curved contour of the road creates blind spots which increase the risk of traffic accidents. Throughout 2019, there were 107,500 accident cases recorded in Indonesia. Therefore, efforts are needed to provide road infrastructure that supports driving safety, such as traffic signs to reduce the risk of accidents in blind spot areas. This research aims to design a smart safety light warning system that is integrated with solar-based street lighting. The design uses a design-based research approach referring to several established standards including Indonesia National Standard (SNI) 7931: 2008, SNI IEC 60529:2014, Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number PM 13 of 2014, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) issued by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT), and Article 115 of Minister of Transportation Republic of Indonesia Regulation PM 27 of 2018. This study used Design-Based Research (DBR) as a research methodology. The result of this study is a prototype design and development of smart safety light warning system which can be optimized. Validation of the design and circuit is conducted using prototyping modeling 1:20 from the original dimensions to measure the function and performance of the circuit. The prototype is capable of turning on warning lights and siren notifications when detecting objects with a maximum distance of 350 cm as measured by the HC – SR04 sensor. Charging the stored solar panels via the accumulator allows the technology to continue working for 45 hours without charging. For power efficiency purposes, the technology is equipped with an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensor with a minimum limit of 341-lux which regulates the lighting. The development of these safety lights will increase driver awareness when passing through blind spot areas and have positive implications for reducing the number of accidents in Indonesia.

The Relationship Between Physical And Mental Workload On Job Fatigue In Maxim Car Drivers In Kupang City In 2024

Transportation is a system consisting of certain facilities along with the flow and control system that allows people or goods to move from one place to another efficiently at any time to support human activities. Indonesia as a developing country certainly has a very rapid development of services in the fields of land, sea and air transportation. Transportation owned by the Indonesian Nation certainly has innovations from past to present in order to advance transportation services, one of which is an online provider company. Online transportation companies offer transportation services such as online motorcycle taxis, online taxis, delivery of goods, food delivery and so on, thus making this service in demand by many people. Likewise in Kupang City where there are several online transportation options, one of which is Maxim car transportation which has the advantage of being quite cheap. The high demand for Maxim online transportation in Kupang City has an impact on the fatigue experienced by online transportation drivers. One of them is also felt by Maxim Mobil drivers. Based on the researcher's initial survey of Maxim drivers in Kupang city, fatigue often occurs in Maxim Car drivers due to the increase in Maxim Car users in Kupang City. This type of research is quantitative using analytic survey method and cros sectional research design. The sample in this study amounted to 81 respondents from a total population of 430 drivers selected using accidental sampling method. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between physical load and work fatigue and there was a significant relationship between mental load and fatigue in maxim car drivers in Kupang City.

The Role of Indonesia’s National Health Insurance Cadre: A Case Study in Bali

The management of informal sector participants poses the most significant difficulty to universal coverage attempts throughout Indonesia's National Health Insurance era. As a result, in April 2017, BPJS Kesehatan established the JKN Cadre Program. This program intends to expand the number of participants while also improving the collectability of contributions from the informal sector. This study aims to investigate the role of the cadre and explore the supporting, and inhibiting factors of such a program. This study is a qualitative descriptive case study, with data gathered through in-depth interviews. Informants were chosen purposefully. Thematic Analysis was utilized to examine the data, which Source Triangulation subsequently confirmed. The study found that the JKN KIS cadre has five functions, the most important of which is to remind people and collect contributions. Cadre activities included education and outreach, as well as collecting payment arrears receipts. The study also identified three inhibiting and supportive elements for the role of cadre namely individual, environmental, and organisational factors. To reduce unfavourable perceptions of JKN-KIS, it is vital to increase cadre self-actualization, self-esteem, information dissemination, synergy, and quality.

Perlindungan terhadap Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Atas Tanah Ulayat dalam Sistem Hukum Pertanahan

One form of wealth for the Indonesian nation is that the existence of Indigenous Law Communities (MHA) are recognized and respected as The rights of the MHA to natural resources, land, and forests have not been clearly regulated in a single legislation, but the MHA's control over customary forests is evident. Several customary forests in Kerinci Regency have been officially designated as customary forests based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment. The control of customary forests requires the recognition and affirmation of the MHA through Regional Regulations based on Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry. However, the Kerinci MHA, as the rightful owners of customary forests, have not yet received protection and recognition through Regional Regulations, which could threaten their sustainability. The research method used is empirical juridical. The research results show that customary forests in Kerinci Regency have been designated as customary forest areas or rights forests as stated in the Ministerial Decree, which recognizes the existence of the MHA as the rightful owners based on the Decree of the Regent of Kerinci. Although the Regent's Decree does not provide adequate explanations about the status, structure, and customary institutions managing the customary forests, it indirectly acknowledges the existence of the MHA entitled to the customary forests. Meanwhile, regulations on customary forest management should also be adjusted to facilitate protection mechanisms for the MHA. As the region with the most customary forests in Jambi Province, it is hoped that the Kerinci Regency Government can draft Regional Regulations concerning Indigenous Law Communities so that customary forests can be preserved and sustained for future generations.