Individual Strategies Research Articles

Playing the game of selectivity: The normalisation of merit and invisibilisation of advantage in students’ admission into competitive schools

Students’ beliefs in schooling to achieve opportunity have been well documented in the school choice literature. How students make sense of successful entry into competitive and high-demand schools via high-stakes entrance exams is less researched. High-demand schools, including both public and private schools, can utilise entrance exams to enrol their students. This paper aims to contribute empirical and conceptual insights into school selectivity by tracing the experiences of students as they navigate exams into selective and high-fee private schools, to broaden understandings of how competitive school admissions processes can impact students. Interviews reveal that many students are motivated to achieve occupational opportunities through admission into competitive schools. Influenced by their families, all participants undergo private tutoring and exam coaching to prepare for entrance exams, from a few months to 8 years. Long-term tutoring, repetitive test-taking and applying for multiple high-demand schools both simultaneously and consecutively constitute ‘playing the game of selectivity’, an experience from which students develop conceptions of merit that normalises these processes. Such conceptions of merit include individualistic strategies that render invisible their own sense of economic advantage relative to others.

Heterogeneously Networked Evolutionary Games With Intergroup Conflicts.

Network games primarily explore the intricacies of individual interactions and adaptive strategies within a network. Building upon this framework, the present study delves into the modeling, analysis, and control of heterogeneously networked evolutionary games with intergroup conflict (HNEG-IC), where attacking players possess area-monitoring capabilities with limited attacking power. To begin with, a mathematical model is introduced to capture intragroup strategy dynamics and intergroup conflicts of HNEGs-IC via the algebraic state space representation (ASSR). A necessary and sufficient condition for achieving global cooperation of HNEGs-IC is established. Then, a criterion for verifying the κ -cooperation below a certain mortality is presented. Considering the HNEGs-IC with strategy feedback control, it is proven that the feedback control, subject to global cooperation, is robust to conflicts when the intersection of the strategy threshold set and the reachable set of the preset initial strategy profiles is empty. Finally, for verification and demonstration, the obtained results are applied to a simplified virtual game model of the NATO and the Warsaw Pact.

S dyslexiou k vysokoškolskému titulu: Naratívna syntéza

Learning disabilities, specifically dyslexia, affect learning processes and school performance of pupils and students at all levels of education. The aim of this narrative synthesis is to outline the topics that are investigated in relation to the university studies of people with dyslexia, while the mapping of this empirical knowledge has the potential to reflect these studies at their different stages. From 923 studies registered between 2001 and 2020 in the Web of Science database, we included 65 studies, which represent an overview of knowledge about decisions about university studies, adjustment in the university environment, study strategies of individuals with dyslexia and support that is provided by university. The results show that dyslexia and its symptoms can be a barrier to successful university studies, yet these students can overcome these barriers with adequate support.

The battle against ethnic discrimination: realizing the (utopian) promise of non-discrimination law

ABSTRACT In this article, we argue that the individual rights strategy, the most common way to realize non-discrimination law, is inadequate when it comes to combatting ethnic discrimination. We start our paper by analysing the obstacles for victims of ethnic discrimination to initiate and conduct a legal procedure and thereby mobilize the law. These obstacles consist of the complexity of the concept “ethnic discrimination” in practice as well as the challenges of the “individual rights strategy”. Additionally, we investigate if there are other, better legal pathways to combat existing discriminatory practices, focusing on ethnic profiling and institutional racism (i.e. systemic discrimination on the grounds of ethnicity) by governmental organizations. Two alternative legal pathways to combat discrimination are presented: (1) more attention for strategic litigation on behalf of victims of discrimination, and (2) more attention for proactive obligations in the law, such as imposing public sector equality duties on organizations.

커뮤니카트 활성화를 통한 시 교육 방법

Objectives The purposes of this study, a method to compose ideal Kommunikat, that is, a cognitive construct that is the result of psychological representation of interpretation and appreciation of works, through integrative communication with the interpretive norms of the discourse community, while supporting the interpretive diversity attempted by students as readers, was considered. Methods For this purpose, First, attention was paid to the ‘perception of poetic elements’, which intentionally selects the subject of appreciation while facing the work and intends to focus on the emotion aroused by the work while examining whether it is significant for appreciation. Furthermore, this paper discussed the diversity of text interpretation and the individualization strategy at the reader's level at a practical level by proposing the ‘formation of a cognitive emotional construct’ as a concrete appreciation process that aims at the multiplicity of interpretation. Results In order to break away from the limitation that voluntary interpretation norms cannot be sought, and independent interpretation norms cannot be established because students follow the existing interpretive authority and appreciation method, this paper took notice of the concept of Kommunikat and presented the process and practical method to apply the concept of Kommunikat to poetry appreciation education. Conclusions This paper examined the efficiency of the method of establishing one's own norms of appreciation by checking and adjusting the reader's Kommunikat through the rumination of the appreciation process that aims at both spontaneity and assimilability at the same time.

Shifting paradigms: A collective and structural strategy for addressing healthcare inequity.

Healthcare inequity is a persistent systemic problem, yet many solutions have historically focused on "debiasing" individuals. Individualistic strategies fit within a competency-based medical education and assessment paradigm, whereby professional values of social accountability, patient safety, and healthcare equity are linked to an individual clinician's competence. Unfortunately, efforts to realise the conceptual linkages between medical education curricula and goals to improve healthcare equity fail to address the institutional values, policies, and practices that enable structural racism. In this article, we explore alternative approaches that target collective and structural causes of health inequity. We first describe the structural basis of healthcare inequity by identifying the ways in which institutional culture, power and privilege erode patient-centred care and contribute to epistemic injustice. We then outline some reasons that stereotypes, which are a culturally supported foundation for discrimination, bias and racism in healthcare, cannot be modified effectively through individualistic strategies or education curricula. Finally, we propose a model that centres shared values for leadership by individuals and institutions with consistency in goal setting, knowledge translation, and talent development. Figure 1 summarises the key recommendations. We have provided cases to supplement this work and facilitate discussion about the model's application to practice.

LARGE DIVERGENCES IN TARGET GROUPS OF ESH 2023 BP-LOWERING STRATEGIES IN OLDEST-OLD PATIENTS ACCORDING TO THEIR FUNCTIONAL AND/OR FRAILTY STATUS

Objective: Treatment individualization is part of good clinical practice. Part of it is medication de-escalation in older adults with limited life expectancy or advanced frailty syndrome. The 2023 ESH guidelines for treatment of hypertension, for the first time made provision for tailored medication use based on functionality and age of the patient. We aimed to assess whether the 2023 ESH Guidelines strategy for antihypertensive treatment individualization aligns with the widely adopted treatment strategy based solely on frailty status. Design and method: We used data from a cross-sectional, nationwide survey of health determinants in non-institutionalized older persons in Poland that was conducted from 2018 to 2019 (PolSenior2). For the current analysis, we extracted data for hypertensive persons aged 80 years and older. Based on Fried criteria we categorized participants into fit, pre-frail, and frail. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used to screen for cognitive impairment, and the basic Activities of Daily Living for functional screening. We also checked the classification-assignment based on the ESH 2023 functional categorization (fit, slowed but autonomous for most activities, severely dependent) that is proposed for assessment of eligibility to tailored antihypertensive treatment. We then checked the concordance between the classifications. Results: The mean (SD) age of 1458 participants (52% women) was 86.0 (4.7). According to Fried’s definition, 47.9% were pre-frail and 46.4% frail, respectively. Based on the ESH 2023 approach, 10.3% of participants were classified as severely dependent who required treatment individualization and prioritization (91.3% of them frail) and 66.3% as fit who should be treated as usual (59.2% of them pre-frail and 33.1% frail, according to Fried’s frailty criteria). We found the correlation between the two classifications to be low (Spearman’s r=0.39, p<0.05) with the kappa coefficient of 0.11 (p<0.05). Conclusions: In the community-dwelling hypertensives, aged 80+ years, who are candidates for individualized antihypertensive therapy, there was discrepancy between frailty status and the ESH 2023 functional criteria for antihypertensive treatment individualization. A thoughtful approach should be taken to standardize the methodological concepts and fine-tune them according to specific clinical needs.

(COVID) CRISIS IN A FINANCIALIZED ECONOMY AND ALTERNATIVE REGULATION

Drawing upon the 2007-2008 global crisis and the current Covid pandemic, this article aims to show that since the 1980s, the organization of the economy in a liberal way transformed public financial regulation into market-relying self-regulation that led to persistent crises. The article maintains that the financialized accumulation regime generates endogenous inconsistencies and proves to be unable to ensure systemic stability and long-term viability of society. An alternative financial regulation resting on preventive collective action seems to be a relevant way to provide society with a sustainable and progressive financial system. The ill-management of the Covid crisis is related to the socio-economic framework that rules societies and economies around the world since the 1980s. The evolution of capitalism rests on speculation-led accumulation process that deepens inequalities and puts collective projects and goals on the back burner. This evolution, also known as financialization, is based first and foremost on the primacy of short-term profitability. Relying on individual (micro) rationality, it is unable to conduct market activities from a macroeconomic perspective to ensure the development of society. Although individual market strategies can be regarded as rational actions, the systemic financial stability cannot be achieved by market mechanisms. In a capitalist economy, financial stability is to the viability of society what public health is to the lives of citizens. Both require the oversight of a visible public hand. Drawing upon institutional economics this article then shows that systemic dysfunction of capitalist finance does reflect the dysfunctional organization of society in which collective action has been abandoned in favor of the doctrine of efficient, self-regulating markets. Recurrent crises, caused by the imbalances generated by laissez-faire economics, are the main threats to the sustainability of an open, innovative and progressive society. From this perspective, the regulation of financial systems is of paramount importance and calls for alternative models of collective action that should determine the conditions of exercise of private financial institutions according to the goals of a sustainable economy respectful of both people and the environment beyond the conservative individualistic doctrines.

Three-stage multi-modal multi-objective differential evolution algorithm for vehicle routing problem with time windows

In this paper, the mathematical model of Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) is established based on the directed graph, and a 3-stage multi-modal multi-objective differential evolution algorithm (3S-MMDEA) is proposed. In the first stage, in order to expand the range of individuals to be selected, a generalized opposition-based learning (GOBL) strategy is used to generate a reverse population. In the second stage, a search strategy of reachable distribution area is proposed, which divides the population with the selected individual as the center point to improve the convergence of the solution set. In the third stage, an improved individual variation strategy is proposed to legalize the mutant individuals, so that the individual after variation still falls within the range of the population, further improving the diversity of individuals to ensure the diversity of the solution set. Based on the synergy of the above three stages of strategies, the diversity of individuals is ensured, so as to improve the diversity of solution sets, and multiple equivalent optimal paths are obtained to meet the planning needs of different decision-makers. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated on the standard benchmark datasets of the problem. The experimental results show that the proposed 3S-MMDEA can improve the efficiency of logistics distribution and obtain multiple equivalent optimal paths. The method achieves good performance, superior to the most advanced VRPTW solution methods, and has great potential in practical projects.

Humanitarian learning environment of the regional university as an object of monitoring and management

Introduction. Modernization of modern higher education determines new requirements to the structure of university learning environment as a part of educational space and social environment of students and updates its humanitarian component. The strategy of training humane centered individual is documented in the fundamental documents of the world's leading universities and presupposes an adequate mechanism for assessing the quality of this environment and its key subjects. At the same time, in the context of the implementation of the concept of academic leadership, national ideas in the field of science and education, a special role in the organization of monitoring the quality of education is assigned to the regions in order to maximize the effective realization of their human, intellectual and cultural capital.Materials and Methods. In accordance with the goals and objectives of the article, the research methodology is represented by a group of theoretical (analysis and generalization of scientific literature, synthesis of the obtained information) and empirical methods (survey, questionnaire, observation). The methodological basis was shaped by research in the field of humanization of universities learning environment, quality of higher education and monitoring of higher education. The author also proceeds from the understanding of the development of the regional system of higher educational as a highly organized multilateral interactions of various participants, the main among which include governing bodies, civil society institutions, employers, students, administration of educational institutions, teaching and academic staff.Results. Performance assessment and performance monitoring of universities represent one of the main open information sources for full-scale studies of the educational process and analysis of the current state of the learning environment of universities of different levels and focus. The paper discusses approaches of Russian and foreign researchers to genesis and structure of learning environment and humanitarian learning environment, describes the content of such key terms as «monitoring», «monitoring in education», «management in education». The main monitoring indicators proposed are the students' satisfaction with the main parameters of the educational process (learning activities, extracurricular activities, research activities), assessment of the spatial-semantic component of the university, employers' satisfaction with the quality of graduates' training.Discussion and Conclusions. Management of the quality of education in a modern university is directly related to the systematic monitoring of the quality of its learning environment. The author comes to the conclusion that the diversity of targets of monitoring the quality of higher education determines the plurality of approaches to the procedure of its implementation. The accumulation of monitoring data makes it possible to formulate a scientifically grounded judgment about the quality of the university learning environment as a whole and identify promising directions for further development. The obtained data confirmed the need to expand the fundamental humanitarian component of higher education as the basis for a holistic and systemic perception of the world, which, in turn, implies the modernization of the principles of selection and systematization of knowledge, the search for new forms of their synthesis, as well as the active interaction of science, art, natural sciences and humanities.

HIIT serves as an efficient training strategy for basketball players by improving blood fluidity and decreasing oxidative stress.

A challenge for coaches and athletes is to find the best combination of exercises during training. Considering its favorable effects, HIIT has been very popular recently. The goal of this study was to investigate anthropometric features, performance, erythrocyte deformability, plasma viscosity (PV) and oxidative stress in response to acute and long-term (6 weeks) HIIT in adolescent basketball players. 22 sportsmen between the ages of 14-16 were included. Tabata protocol was applied to the HIIT group in addition to their routine training program 3 days/week, for 6 weeks. Erythrocyte deformability was determined using an ectacytometer (LORCA), PV with a rotational viscometer. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured by kits. HIIT for 6 weeks induced an improvement in performance tests and waist circumference. 6 weeks of HIIT resulted in a decrement, while the last exercise session yielded an increment in RBC deformability. PV and TOS of HIIT groups were decreased on the 6th week. Our results demonstrate that, HIIT in addition to the routine exercise program is beneficial for improving performance and blood fluidity as well as decreasing oxidative stress in basketball players. Therefore, HIIT seems as an efficient training strategy for highly-trained individuals.

How does a motor or cognitive dual-task affect our sense of upper limb proprioception?

Daily upper limb activities require multitasking and our division of attention. How we allocate our attention can be studied using dual-task interference (DTi). Given the vital role proprioception plays in movement planning and motor control, it is important to investigate how conscious upper limb proprioception is impacted by DTi through cognitive and motor interference. To examine how dual-task interference impacts conscious upper limb proprioception during active joint repositioning tasks (AJRT). Forty-two healthy participants, aged between 18 and 35, took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed two AJRT during three conditions: baseline (single task), dual-cognitive task (serial subtractions), and dual-motor task (non-dominant hand movements). The proprioceptive error (PE; difference between their estimation and targeted position) was measured using an AJRT of 75% and 90% of maximum internal rotation using the Biodex System IIITM and the Upper Limb Proprioception Reaching Test (PRO-Reach). To determine if PEs differed during dual-task interference, interference change scores from baseline were used with one sample t-tests and analyses of variance. The overall mean PE with the Biodex was 4.1° ± 1.9 at baseline. Mean change scores from baseline reflect a mean improvement of 1.5° ± 1.0 (p < .001) during dual-cognitive task and of 1.5° ± 1.2 (p < .001) during dual-motor task. The overall mean PE with the PRO-Reach was 4.4cm ± 1.1 at baseline. Mean change scores from baseline reflect a mean worsening of 1.0cm ± 1.1 (p < .001) during dual-cognitive task and improvement of 0.8cm ± 0.6 (p < .001) during dual-motor task. Analysis of variance with the Biodex PEs revealed an interference effect (p < .001), with the cognitive condition causing greater PEs compared to the motor condition and a criterion position effect (p = .006), where 75% of maximum IR produced larger PEs during both interference conditions. An interference effect (p = .022) with the PRO-Reach PEs was found highlighting a difference between the cognitive and motor conditions, with decreased PEs during the contralateral motor task. Interference tasks did impact proprioception. Cognitive interference produced mixed results, whereas improved proprioception was seen during motor interference. Individual task prioritization strategies are possible, where each person may choose their own attention strategy when faced with dual-task interference.

Novel Strategies in Diagnosing Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent global condition affecting approximately 50% of the HF population. With the aging of the worldwide population, its incidence and prevalence are expected to rise even further. Unfortunately, until recently, no effective medications were available to reduce the high mortality and hospitalization rates associated with HFpEF, making it a significant unmet need in cardiovascular medicine. Although HFpEF is commonly defined as HF with normal ejection fraction and elevated left ventricular filling pressure, performing invasive hemodynamic assessments on every individual suspected of having HFpEF is neither feasible nor practical. Consequently, several clinical criteria and diagnostic tools have been proposed to aid in diagnosing HFpEF. Overall, these criteria and tools are designed to assist healthcare professionals in identifying and evaluating patients who may have HFpEF based on a combination of signs, symptoms, biomarkers, and non-invasive imaging findings. By employing these non-invasive diagnostic approaches, clinicians can make informed decisions regarding the best pharmacological and rehabilitation strategies for individuals with suspected HFpEF. This literature review aims to provide an overview of all currently available methods for diagnosing and monitoring this disabling condition.

Impaired innate and adaptive immune responses to BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Understanding the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is critical to optimizing vaccination strategies for individuals with autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we comprehensively analyzed innate and adaptive immune responses in 19 patients with SLE receiving a complete 2-dose Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) regimen compared with a control cohort of 56 healthy control (HC) volunteers. Patients with SLE exhibited impaired neutralizing antibody production and antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses relative to HC. Interestingly, antibody responses were only altered in patients with SLE treated with immunosuppressive therapies, whereas impairment of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers was independent of medication. Patients with SLE also displayed reduced levels of circulating CXC motif chemokine ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and IFN-γ after secondary vaccination as well as downregulation of gene expression pathways indicative of compromised innate immune responses. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis reveals that patients with SLE showed reduced levels of a vaccine-inducible monocyte population characterized by overexpression of IFN-response transcription factors. Thus, although 2 doses of BNT162b2 induced relatively robust immune responses in patients with SLE, our data demonstrate impairment of both innate and adaptive immune responses relative to HC, highlighting a need for population-specific vaccination studies.

Prognostic relevance of the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 and interleukin-8 in predicting the transition from clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis.

The initial phase of multiple sclerosis (MS), often known as clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), is a critical period for identifying individuals at high risk of progressing to full-blown MS and initiating timely treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) as potential markers for CIS patients' conversion to MS. Our study encompassed patients with CIS, those with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and control subjects, with sample analysis conducted on both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. Patients were categorized into four groups: CIS-CIS (no MS development within 2 years), CIS-RRMS (conversion to RRMS within 2 years), RRMS (already diagnosed), and a control group (CG) with noninflammatory central nervous system disorders. Results showed significantly elevated levels of CXCL13 in CSF across all patient groups compared with the CG (p < 0.0001, Kruskal-Wallis test). Although CXCL13 concentrations were slightly higher in the CIS-RRMS group, statistical significance was not reached. Similarly, significantly higher levels of IL-8 were detected in CSF samples from all patient groups compared with the CG (p < 0.0001, Kruskal-Wallis test). Receiver operating characteristic analysis in the CIS-RRMS group identified both CXCL13 (area under receiver operating characteristic curve = .959) and IL-8 (area under receiver operating characteristic curve = .939) in CSF as significant predictors of CIS to RRMS conversion. In conclusion, our study suggests a trend towards elevated CSF IL-8 and CSF CXCL13 levels in CIS patients progressing to RRMS. These findings emphasize the importance of identifying prognostic markers to guide appropriate treatment strategies for individuals in the early stages of MS.

Noninvasive identification of SOX9 status using radiomics signatures may help construct personalized treatment strategy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

To develop and validate a radiomics-based model for predicting SOX9-positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images. From January 2013 to April 2017, patients with histologically proven HCC who received systemic sorafenib treatment after curative resection were retrospectively enrolled. Radiomic features were extracted from portal venous phase CT images and selected to build a radiomics score using logistic regression analysis. The factors associated with SOX9 expression were selected and combined by univariate and multivariate analyses to establish clinico-liver imaging (CL) model and clinico-liver imaging-radiomics (CLR) model. Diagnostic performance was measured by area under curve (AUC). Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were compared using Kaplan-Meier method. A total of 108 patients (training cohort: n = 80; validation cohort: n = 28) were enrolled. Multivariate analyses revealed that the albumin-bilirubin grade and tumor size were significant independent factors for predicting SOX9-positive HCCs and were included in the CL model. The CLR model integrating the radiomics score with albumin-bilirubin grade and tumor size showed better discriminative performance than the CL model with AUCs of 0.912 and 0.790 in the training and validation cohorts. Survival curves for RFS and OS showed that SOX9 expression was closely related to the prognosis of HCC patients. RFS and OS rates were significantly lower in patients with SOX9-positive than SOX9-negative (51.02% vs. 75.00% at 1-year RFS rates; 76.92% vs. 94.94% at 2-year OS rates). Radiomics signatures may serve as noninvasive predictors for SOX9 status evaluation in patients with HCC and may aid in constructing individualized treatment strategies.

What happens to information, situational cues, and individual strategies in decision-making? The contribution of latent decisional profiles in realistic decisions

What happens to information, situational cues, and individual strategies in decision-making? The contribution of latent decisional profiles in realistic decisions

Impact of non-participation bias due to psychiatric illness on mortality and cardiovascular event estimates: a Danish longitudinal population study

ObjectivesThe impact of non-participation due to psychiatric illness on study outcomes in general population studies is insufficiently investigated. Here, we investigate the mental health bias in a population study and...

Polymorphisms of IFN signaling genes and FOXP4 influence the severity of COVID-19

BackgroundThe clinical manifestations of COVID-19 range from asymptomatic, mild to moderate, severe, and critical disease. Host genetic variants were recognized to affect the disease severity. However, the genetic landscape differs among various populations. Therefore, we explored the variants associated with COVID-19 severity in the Guangdong population.MethodsA total of 314 subjects were selected, of which the severe and critical COVID-19 patients were defined as “cases”, and the mild and moderate patients were defined as “control”. Twenty-two variants in interferon-related genes and FOXP4 were genotyped using the MassARRAY technology platform.ResultsIFN signaling gene MX1 rs17000900 CA + AA genotype was correlated with a reduced risk of severe COVID-19 in males (P = 0.001, OR = 0.050, 95%CI = 0.008–0.316). The AT haplotype comprised of MX1 rs17000900 and rs2071430 was more likely to protect against COVID-19 severity (P = 6.3E-03). FOXP4 rs1886814 CC genotype (P = 0.001, OR = 3.747, 95%CI = 1.746–8.043) and rs2894439 GA + AA genotype (P = 0.001, OR = 5.703, 95% CI = 2.045–15.903) were correlated with increased risk of severe COVID-19. Haplotype CA comprised of rs1886814 and rs2894439 was found to be correlated with adverse outcomes (P = 7.0E-04). FOXP4 rs1886814 CC (P = 0.0004) and rs2894439 GA + AA carriers had higher neutralizing antibody titers (P = 0.0018). The CA + AA genotype of MX1 rs17000900 tended to be correlated with lower neutralizing antibody titers than CC genotype (P = 0.0663), but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionOur study found a possible association between MX1 and FOXP4 polymorphisms and the severity of COVID-19. Distinguishing high-risk patients who develop severe COVID-19 will provide clues for early intervention and individual treatment strategies.

Individual Adaptive Regulation Strategy Inspired by Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm for Tumor Targeting

Individual Adaptive Regulation Strategy Inspired by Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm for Tumor Targeting