Individual Psychological Variables Research Articles

대학생의 개인성향 및 심리적 변인이 심폐소생술 시 가슴압박깊이에 미치는 영향

대학생의 개인성향 및 심리적 변인이 심폐소생술 시 가슴압박깊이에 미치는 영향

Associations between affective temperament, perceived stress, and helping among Ukrainians and Poles in the context of the war in Ukraine.

The Russian aggression of Ukraine has put millions of civilians under immense stress and forced many of them to leave their homes for safety and help. Poland became one of the leading destinations for waves of Ukrainians fleeing this war. The level of perceived stress in people who experienced war depends on various factors, including individual psychological variables. The main aim of this study was to analyze perceived stress levels and the predictive role of affective temperaments, as defined by Akiskal, for perceived stress in Ukrainians and Poles during the first year of the Russo-Ukrainian war. Secondly, we studied the relationship between affective temperament, stress, and commitment to help Ukrainian refugees. Self-report data from 410 Ukrainians and 146 Poles were collected. The results of this study shed light on perceived stress in war-affected populations and the role of affective temperaments in predicting its levels. We also demonstrated the links between affective temperament, perceived stress, and involvement in helping Ukrainian refugees. Understanding the mental status of people affected by war and its predictors is crucial to providing appropriate support and assistance to those in need.

SOCIAL NETWORKS AND MENTAL HEALTH IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE: A REVIEW OF THE STATE OF THE ART IN SPANISH AND ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES

Social networks constitute an emerging socialization ecosystem on which new research questions and evidence of their impact on different aspects of social life and human psychology continue to be produced. These imply a challenge for society, for science and for the formulation of public policies aimed at regulating their uses and preventing their negative effects on psychosocial variables. Childhood and adolescence are two critical stages of the life cycle for socialization, personality construction and mental health, in which there is permanent exposure to social networks and their effects. It is therefore necessary to ask ourselves how these networks infl uence the mental health and development of children and adolescents. The present literature review aims to identify and analyze the research production in relation to the use of social networks by children and adolescents and their psychosocial and mental health consequences. The review covers the period of the last ten years and covers research production in Spanish-speaking and English-speaking countries. Five lines are identifi ed in which information on the infl uence of social networks on mental health can be organized: biological and behavioral consequences, association with psychopathological variables, association with other individual psychological variables, risk factors, protection factors, and opportunities in the use of social networks, and social networks and identity construction. The fi ndings allow to generate a public refl ection on the regulation and promotion of the uses of social networks for this population and the prevention of risk factors for their mental health

Relationship Between Self-Efficacy, Trust, and Knowledge Sharing Among IT Industry Employees Working Remotely

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on socio-economic changes, including changes in the working environment. Remote working started to become widely applied. Consequently, there has been a growth in the level of interest in the organization of this form of work and the search for effective solutions that support labour efficiency in these particular conditions. One of the aspects that is gaining in significance in terms of working conditions that reduce direct face to face communication between employees is that of knowledge sharing. The aim of the paper was to analyse the dependencies between the chosen individual psychological variables and knowledge sharing in conditions of remote working. Emphasis was placed on the analysis of the relation between such variables as: self-efficacy and the level of interpersonal trust, while also knowledge sharing behaviour among the employees of the IT sector working remotely. A cross-sectional study model was applied. The study included 112 employees from the IT industry who worked remotely at the time of conducting the research. The following tools were used in the analysis: Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) by Schwarzer, Jerusalem, Juczyński, a questionnaire entitled Faith in a Person by Hybiak, while also a self-designed survey. In the analysis, a strong positive correlation between self–efficacy and knowledge sharing and a moderate positive correlation between trust and knowledge sharing was noted among the employees of the IT sector. The research findings significantly broaden knowledge in the sphere of the individual factors influencing the effective organization of the process of knowledge management, while particularly knowledge sharing in conditions of remote working. It is possible to state that the employees of the IT sector, who are characterized by a high level of self–efficacy, while also more prone to trust others, display a greater willingness to share knowledge with other employees. Familiarity with the relations between knowledge sharing and the psychological variables may be useful, particularly for IT managers.

Analysis of the Influence Mechanism of Low-Carbon Consumption Behavior in Beijing, China

Abstract The daily consumption pattern of residents has an important influence on energy conservation and emission reduction, and tackling climate change. It is an important task for theoretical researchers and policy makers to guide and encourage residents to transform low-carbon consumption pattern. Based on the questionnaire survey, the structural equation model was established to explore the individual psychological factors and external factors which affect residents' low-carbon consumption behavior. Bootstrap method was used to explore and test the mediating effect of pre-variables. The discrepancies of different characteristic groups were analyzed by independent sample T test. The results showed that behavioral intention and low-carbon knowledge directly promoted residents' low-carbon consumption behavior. Psychological variables such as values, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control advanced residents’ low-carbon consumption behavior through behavioral intention. Policies and regulations affected residents’ low-carbon consumption behavior by individual psychological variables. Publicity and education could directly facilitate residents' low-carbon consumption behavior, and had a significant effect on behavior by improving the knowledge of low-carbon. Groups with different gender, age, educational background, family structure and monthly household income had a prominent discrepancy in low-carbon performance. On this basis, it provided targeted policy ideas for the government to guide residents to convert low-carbon lifestyle and consumption pattern. JEL classification numbers: Q54, Q56, D12. Keywords: Low-carbon consumption behavior, Psychological consciousness, Policies and regulations, Structural equation model, Mediating effect analysis.

Make it a habit: how habit strength, goal importance and self-control predict hand washing behaviour over time during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective Hand washing has been at the core of recommendations and guidelines that aim to curb infectious diseases in general, and COVID-19 in particular. As hand washing comes down to an individual’s behaviour, we aimed to study how individual psychological variables influence hand washing over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design Over the course of 20 weeks, participants answered questions about their hand washing behaviour, goal importance, habit strength and self-control. Participants from an experimental and a control condition completed a baseline and final measurement, and the experimental condition was invited to bi-weekly measurements through reminders. Main outcome measure Hand washing behaviour over the past 14 days was assessed by self-report at baseline and final measurement, and additionally repeatedly over the course of 20 weeks in the experimental condition. Results Hand washing behaviour decreased over time, but this decrease was buffered by habit strength and goal importance. The decrease was smaller in the experimental condition that received reminders every 2 weeks. Conclusion Sending personal reminders on hand washing behaviour contributes to hand washing behaviour. Moreover, taking habit strength and goal importance, and to a lesser extent self-control into account is important when designing interventions to promote hand washing behaviour.

RELATIONSHIP OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING CARE METHODS (MAKP) TEAM WITH NURSE SATISFACTION

Hospital health services cannot be separated from nursing services which have a role in improving the health status of patients. The team method is the organization of nursing services using a team consisting of groups of clients and nurses. Nurse performance is a measure of the quality of service in a hospital. Performance is influenced by individual variables, psychological variables and organizational variables. This study aims to determine the relationship between professional nursing care management (MAKP) TEAM and nurse satisfaction in the hospital. The type of research used is descriptive analytic research with a "cross sectional" approach. Population of 60 people and sample of 60 people, the sampling technique was used with total sampling. MAKP TEAM data collection with nurse satisfaction through questionnaires. The statistical test used the chi-square test. The results of the bivariate analysis of the relationship between the Professional Nursing Care Method (MAKP) TEAM and the Satisfaction of Nurses in the Inpatient Room of the Sari Mutiara Lubuk Pakam Hospital from the results of the chi square test obtained a value of p = 0.000 <0.05, where Ha is accepted, which means there is a relationship between professional nursing care methods ( MAKP) Team with Nurse satisfaction.So from the results of the research conducted there was a relationship between the TEAM Professional Nursing Care Method (MAKP) and the Satisfaction of Nurses in the Inpatient Room of the Sari Mutiara Lubuk Pakam Hospital. It is hoped that the head of the room will increase his role in aspects of the management function. It is hoped that the hospital will increase teamwork in the application of the team method in the inpatient room so as to produce nurse satisfaction and produce perceived job satisfaction among nurses. It is hoped that the next researchers will be able to conduct more in-depth research on nurses who work in the hospital.

Who Is Willing to Get Vaccinated? A Study into the Psychological, Socio-Demographic, and Cultural Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions.

Crucial to the success of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign is the rate of people who adhere to it. This study aimed to investigate the reasons underlying people’s willingness to get vaccinated in a sample of Italian adults, considering the effects of different individual characteristics and psychological variables upon positive vs. negative/hesitant vaccination intentions, as well as subjects’ self-reported motivations for such intentions. An anonymous cross-sectional survey was distributed online in February 2021. The results showed that trust in science, number of vaccinations received in 2019, and belief that COVID-19 is more severe than the common flu, were associated with positive vaccination intentions. “Chance externality” health locus of control showed both direct and indirect effects upon positive vaccination intentions. Anxiety symptoms and participants’ perceived psychological status also showed indirect positive effects. Subjects’ self-reported motivations varied interestingly across positive vs. negative/hesitant intentions. Implications of these findings for identifying effective pro-vaccination messages are discussed in the final section of the paper.

COVID-19 psychological impact during the Italian lockdown: A study on healthcare professional

COVID-19 has rapidly spread worldwide, with more than 136 million people infected. In this scenario, healthcare workers are among the professionals most at risk to experience burnout and other psychological symptoms. One-hundred-twenty healthcare professionals completed a survey, designed to measure different aspects of participants’ working conditions and psychological response to the pandemic. Participants’ burnout was positively and significantly predicted by work stress, workload and exposure to patients exhibiting COVID-19 symptoms and negatively predicted by organizational support, work engagement and by the adoption of adequate coping strategies. Furthermore, our findings revealed that the higher work stress, the more psychological symptoms were experienced by participants. In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of considering work-related conditions and individual psychological variables to promptly support healthcare personnel during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Non-cognitive components of human capital: Evidence from Russian data

There has been a fast rise of interest within the economic science for studying effects of non-cognitive skills on individual economic behavior. Empirical analysis of this sort requires data linking individual psychological and economic variables. Psychological variables can be operationalized by using concepts of “the locus of control” and of “the Big Five” of personality traits. This paper presents descriptive systematization of various indicators of non-cognitive skills introduced in various waves of the RLMS-HSE household survey in 2000-2016. Non-cognitive skills are analyzed in the breakdown by major socio-demographic groups and in association with indicators of life success.

Analisis Faktor Determinan Kinerja Bidan dalam Pelaksanaan Asuhan Persalinan Normal di Kabupaten Merangin Tahun 2019

Based on health profile of Jambi Province (2015) NLC coverage by health worker in Merangin district health has not reached the target. It shows the macro performance of midwives in the village is not optimal. Some factors related to the performance of a healthcare worker in providing health services are: Individual variables, psychological variables and organizational variables. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors determinant of the performance of midwives in the implementation of in Merangin year 2018.This type of research is analytic observation with cross sectional approach, this research has been conducted in the work area of Merangin District Health Office February until August 2019, with the population of all midwives in the district Merangin as much as 608 people. The number of samples was 83 people taken with simple random sampling technique. Bivariate analysis using Chi Square test and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression. The results of the study there was a level of knowledge relationship (p= 0,000; OR:10,879; 95 % CI;3,832-30,8850) and the experience of midwives (p= 0,000; OR:10,879; 95 % CI;3,832-30,8850) with the performance of midwives in the implementation of the NLC, no perceptual relationship about the award (P = 0,991), attitude (P = 0,351), perception of the NLC equipment (p = 0,261), Midwives Training (0,660) with the performance of midwives in the implementation of NLC in Merangin Regency and the most influential factor with the performance of midwives in the implementation of NLC in Merangin District namely the level of knowledge of. Advised to the midwives more update information about the NLC to improve the knowledge of midwives in the NLC.

Pain Sensitivity And Psychological Variables Affect Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is an acute muscle pain condition occurring after eccentric muscular activity in some but not all people. Physiological and psychological factors may affect DOMS. PURPOSE: To investigate whether individual pain sensitivity and psychological variables levels predict DOMS. METHODS: Thirty two participants completed pain-related psychological questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing (QST) and thereafter the DOMS protocol was carried out for the upper extremity. The second session was held 24 h later, participants completed the DOMS-related interference questionnaire and QST was then reapplied. To compare QST parameters and psychological variables between those developing DOMS and those who did not, independent sample t-tests were conducted. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the predictive role of QST and psychological variables on DOMS intensity. RESULTS: Out of the 32 participants, 17 showed a DOMS response. Participants who developed DOMS had higher trait anxiety (p=0.010), depression (p=0.025), and stress (p=0.034) scores, compared to those who did not develop DOMS. Trait anxiety predicted the intensity of DOMS (r=0.63, P<0.000). Additionally, those who developed DOMS demonstrated a higher systemic pain sensitivity at baseline, expressed by a lower pressure pain threshold in the muscle that was exercised and in a remote muscle, and by a lower pain inhibition efficiency (P<0.02). No correlation was found between the level of pain sensitivity at baseline and the intensity of DOMS. CONCLUSIONS: The endogenous ability to regulate pain has a significant impact on pain development in DOMS. Development of DOMS is affected by baseline systemic pain sensitivity as well as psychological and personality traits. Our findings highlight the contribution of physiological and psychological factors to the development of DOMS.

초등학교 고학년 학생의 개인, 또래, 교사, 학급 변인이 괴롭힘 참여자의 행동에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between individuals, peers, teachers and class factors and the participants’ reactions to bullying from an ecological perspective. Results of a survey completed by 828 5th and 6th grades elementary school students in a metropolitan area were analyzed in order to identify the relative influence of individuals, peers, teachers, and class factors on participants’ reaction to bullying in addition to gender and grade differences. The results are as follows. First, higher grade and male students were more likely to react negatively to bullying. Second, there was a significant difference between defenders and other participants in terms of individuals, peers, teachers, and class variables. Third, individual psychological variables were found to be the most influential factor influencing participants’behavior among the groups of bullies, assistants, outsiders and defenders. As for defenders, the teacher related variables were more explanatory of their behaviors compared to other participants such as assistants or outsiders. Based on the results, more effective interventions targeting individual factors of participants were suggested. In addition, it was discussed how to increase defending behaviors from on ecological perspective including peers, teachers, and classes as well as individual areas.

Can personality traits predict musical style preferences? A meta-analysis

A meta-analysis was performed on the results of previous studies investigating the association between personality traits and music preferences. Regarding the categorization of personality traits, the Big Five and sensation seeking were used most often and were therefore chosen as the most appropriate categories in the meta-analysis. Regarding the categorization of musical style preferences, the five-dimensional MUSIC (mellow, unpretentious, sophisticated, intense, contemporary) model was used most often and was therefore employed in the meta-analysis. Hence, we included studies in the analysis when they had investigated the relationship between at least one of the Big Five personality traits or sensation seeking and at least one of the five MUSIC dimensions. In total, there were 30 subanalyses. All weighted averaged correlation coefficients were very small, with most of them near zero. Only 6 of the 30 coefficients exceeded 0.1 in magnitude (|r|≥0.1). The largest effects were observed for the openness to experience personality trait, which exhibited small correlations with preference for three musical styles. Thus, personality traits barely account for interindividual differences in music preferences. Musical functions are discussed as an alternative explanation for these differences. The predictability of musical style preferences based on individual psychological variables is questioned in general.

Exploring the Role of Demographics and Psychological Variables in Internet Addiction

Background and Aim:In today’s fast changing world, the Internet plays a major role in people’s lives. Apart from its benefits, the Internet also has serious negative consequences which include the issue of Internet addiction. This study explores the role of demographics (e.g., age, gender, and occupational position) in relation to Internet addiction. In addition, the influence of individual psychological variables (loneliness, shyness, and proactive personality) on Internet addiction was also examined.Methods:A structured questionnaire consisting of items representing loneliness, shyness, proactiveness, Internet addiction, and demographics was used to collect the data from 1,000 working adults in selected organizations. Chi-square tests were used to investigate the effect of gender, age, and occupational positions on Internet addiction. The influence of variables such as loneliness, shyness, and proactiveness on Internet addiction was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).Results:The results demonstrated no significant differences in terms of Internet addiction between the genders. However, significant differences were found in Internet addiction depending on age and occupational positions. The study also found positive relationship between loneliness, shyness, proactiveness, and Internet addiction.Conclusion:The findings of this study add empirical evidence to the existing literature in respect of the correlation between age, gender, occupational position, psychological characteristics (loneliness, shyness, and proactiveness), and Internet addiction.

중국 소비자의 자기일치성과 대중문화 관여도가 한류콘텐츠 평가와 태도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

The purposes of this study are; first, to supply useful suggestions for the market segmentation of the Chinese market according to individual psychological variables(self-congruence) of customers. Second, it figures out the relative importance of actual self-congruence and ideal self-congruence. Lastly, it reveals whether there are any differences in the preference of attributes according to the popular cultural involvement. According to the results, actual self-congruence had a positive influence on the contents factor evaluation while ideal self-congruence had positive effect on the human and cultural factors evaluation. Also, the human and cultural factor had a positive influence on the purchase intention, as well as content factor and cultural factor had the influence on the word-of-mouth. In addition, the group of highly interested in the involvement at the popular culture was significantly higher in the evaluation on the human and contents factor than the low group.

Relationship between bicultural identity and psychological well-being among American and Japanese older adults.

In a large national sample of American and Japanese older adults, this study investigated how bicultural identity affects perception of health and well-being in 11 individual psychological variables (i.e. positive well-being: self-esteem, optimism, subjective well-being Japanese equivalent, gratitude, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule–positive adjectives, and satisfaction with life; negative well-being: depression, pessimism, social anxiety, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule–negative adjectives, and perceived stress). This sample consisted of 1248 Americans from the Midlife in the United States survey, 2004–2006, and 380 Japanese from the Midlife in Japan survey in Tokyo, Japan, 2008–2010. Results showed that bicultural individuals (having both highly independent and interdependent self-construals) in both countries tend to exhibit higher scores across most perceived health and well-being measures when compared to other groups (i.e. marginal, interdependent, and independent). Cultural-specific aspects of self-construal, health, and well-being are explained to support the findings. Discussion of these findings and their implications is also provided.

아동․청소년의 스마트폰 중독 개념과 개인 심리적 요인 및 임상적 개입에 대한 논의: 2011년~2015년까지 발표된 국내연구를 중심으로

아동․청소년의 스마트폰 중독 개념과 개인 심리적 요인 및 임상적 개입에 대한 논의: 2011년~2015년까지 발표된 국내연구를 중심으로

Can Psychological Questions Help Predict Managed Lane Use?

Managed lanes (MLs) are being used in many congested cities across the United States. While the socioeconomic characteristics of travelers, along with their trip characteristics, are commonly used to model ML choice behavior, other variables—such as psychological characteristics of travelers—may be beneficial in improving the understanding of travel behavior on MLs. Preliminary research on this possibility collected psychological data from ML users and determined that, in their psychological-construct form, psychological traits provided little benefit in creating models that accurately predicted ML use. This paper uses those data to consider further their impact on discrete choice modeling when individual psychological variables are considered in a more disaggregate fashion, thus helping to uncover the information that may be masked when these data are considered only in the psychological-construct form. Among the important conclusions are that some of the psychological questions, working in tandem with typical socioeconomic and trip characteristic variables, indeed appear to contribute to the creation of improved models of ML choice. Specifically, questions taken from the constructs measuring (a) the personal need for structure and (b) driving risk perceptions and driving style appear most promising. The questions highlighted in this paper provide direction for development of psychological questions within the transportation framework.

The role of mentalising in the management of violence

SummaryViolence between people is a complex social phenomenon involving both social and individual psychological variables. Prevention of violence includes attention to risk factors for violence; but also the provision of interventions for those who have been violent to others. This article explores the evidence that failures of the mentalising process are a risk factor for acts of violence, especially in mental health service users; and describes the implementation of potential therapeutic programmes that seek to improve mentalising in individuals who pose a risk of serious violence to others.