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Recommended Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data. Part 4. 1-Alkanol–Water Systems

The recommended liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for 19 binary 1-alkanol–water systems have been obtained after critical evaluation of all data (527 data sets) reported in the open literature up to the end of 2004. An equation for prediction of the 1-alkanol solubility was developed. The predicted 1-alkanol solubility was used for calculation of water solubility in the second liquid phase. The LLE calculations were done with the equation of state appended with a chemical term proposed by Góral. The recommended data were presented in the form of individual pages containing tables and all the references.

Early American Imprints, Series I: Evans, 1639-1800, and: Early American Imprints, Series II: Shaw-Shoemaker, 1801-1819 (review)

Reviewed by: Early American Imprints, Series I: Evans, 1639-1800; Early American Imprints, Series II: Shaw-Shoemaker, 1801-1819 Peter J. Kastor (bio) Early American Imprints, Series I: Evans, 1639-1800; Early American Imprints, Series II: Shaw-Shoemaker, 1801-1819. (Chester, VT, and Worcester, MA: Readex and the American Antiquarian Society). http://www.readex.com. Most people who study early America have a love-hate relationship with Early American Imprints. The collection has always been of immeasurable value, but its format made for headaches and stronger eyeglass prescriptions, and it was extremely difficult to use for teaching at the graduate or undergraduate level. The new digital version of the collection goes a long way toward rectifying this state of affairs. Hardly devoid of limitations, this collection will nonetheless be of immediate and obvious benefit. If nothing else, it may eliminate headaches and eyestrain. Early American Imprints began as a published version of the texts digested in the massive bibliographies commissioned by the American Antiquarian Society and published by Readex. The material was produced in two series known colloquially by their respective bibliographers. The Evans collection (for Charles Evans) contains materials published through 1800. The Shaw-Shoemaker collection (for Ralph R. Shaw and Richard H. Shoemaker) covers the period from 1801 to 1819. Purchased by libraries throughout the country, Early American Imprints immediately provided researchers with access to the full breadth of early American publishing, including legislation and legal codes, novels and poetry, political pamphlets, and religious tracts. The problem was less one of content than media. Printed on opaque microcards that could only be read through a specialized viewer, Early American Imprints was supposed to simulate the black ink on white paper of the original objects. When Early American Imprints I was published in 1969, microcard may well have seemed to offer the revolutionary possibilities [End Page 309] that people now attribute to the digital medium. But then the problems began. Microcard never caught on, so libraries did not repair aging microcard readers and did not replace them once they broke down. Worse still, microcard readers had no printing capability. Although Evans eventually became available on microfiche, Shaw-Shoemaker users still suffered with microcard. While identifying materials became far easier once libraries incorporated the detailed bibliographical information on Early American Imprints into online catalogs, viewing those materials remained challenging at best, and painful at worst. Readex and the American Antiquarian Society have now transferred the collection to the digital medium through a subscription-based Web site, which contains the Evans collection in its entirety. The Shaw-Shoemaker material is coming online in chronological sequence and is due for completion in 2007. The collection works like many other searchable online document collections. The interface is a standard Web browser. The search feature mimics both the look and options of most online catalogs for research libraries. The front end of the Web site is rather inviting, presenting ways of exploring the collection that should prove intuitive to scholars and students alike. Users can locate documents through various full-text keyword searches or browse by author, subject, chronology, publishing location, and language. Several intermediate steps conclude with access to an entire text, with each page image appearing at the center of the screen and a page index appearing on the left-hand column. Individual pages can appear at various sizes (all of them black-and-white GIF images), and users can print pages in PDF format, either individually or in groups of up to twenty-five pages. These cryptic formatting issues notwithstanding, what Readex and the American Antiquarian Society have produced is less a dramatic change to research or learning than a vast improvement in document delivery. Indeed, the collection itself bears more similarities than differences to its original microcard version. The search and browse features simply imported the bibliographic information that had long been available through library catalogs. The Web site does not consist of full-text transcriptions, but rather contains scanned page images. Like the old microcard versions, the Web site presents facsimiles of the original texts, complete with their pagination and font, as well as all the smudges, printing errors, and page damage typical of early American publishing. The collection...

Gathering meta‐data and instances from object referral lists on the web

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to automatically separate and extract meta‐data and instance information from various link pages in the web, by utilizing presentation and linkage regularities on the web.Design/methodology/approachResearch objectives have been achieved through an information extraction system called semantic partitioner that automatically organizes the content in each web page into a hierarchical structure, and an algorithm that interprets and translates these hierarchical structures into logical statements by distinguishing and representing the meta‐data and their individual data instances.FindingsExperimental results for the university domain with 12 computer science department web sites, comprising 361 individual faculty and course home pages indicate that the performance of the meta‐data and instance extraction averages 85, 88 percent F‐measure, respectively. Our METEOR system achieves this performance without any domain specific engineering requirement.Originality/valueImportant contributions of the METEOR system presented in this paper are: it performs extraction without the assumption that the object instance pages are template‐driven; it is domain independent and does not require any previously engineered domain ontology; and by interpreting the link pages, it can extract both meta‐data, such as concept and attribute names and their relationships, as well as their instances with high accuracy.

An interactive tutorial system for Java

As part of the documentation for its library packages, the Java Task Force (JTF)developed an online tutorial system that enables teachers and students to explore the resources provided by the Task Force in a highly interactive style. The individual pages that make up the tutorial often include demonstration programs that the reader can experiment with while remaining on the same web page as the explanatory text. Although the original motivation for developing that tutorial system was to document the JTF packages themselves, the structure is general enough for teachers to design their own tutorials and interactive demonstrations. This paper describes the structure of that tutorial system and illustrates its use. In addition, the paper describes some work-in-progress that will make it possible to create interactive lecture demonstrations from PowerPoint™ slides.

The Differences Slavery Made: A Close Analysis of Two American Communities (review)

Differences Slavery Made: A Close Analysis of Two American Communities. By William G. Thomas and Edward L. Ayers. http:// www.vcdh.virginia.edu/AHR/. Produced by Virginia Center for Digital History at University of Virginia.The Differences Slavery Made is a digital information source that demonstrates how scholars have begun to take advantage of World Wide Web. authors, University of Virginia history professors William G. Thomas and Edward L. Ayers, describe their Web site as a single file of nearly 24,000 lines of text, not dozens of individual web pages with embedded links to each (Introduction: Presentation). It was composed at Virginia Center for Digital History, and like any online article was published as a collection of hyperlinked documents with branching connections and layers of detail made possible by use of electronic media. It is divided into seven major sections: introduction, summary, analysis, methods, evidence, historiography, and tools.Thomas and Ayers examine relationship between mid-nineteenthcentury American and emerging forms of modernity: nationstate, economic development, participatory democracy, and individual autonomy. They question whether negotiation of these sociopolitical influences produced new tensions that gave rise to crisis of 18601861 and conclude that Civil War did not simply result from struggle over modernization. The war was result of highly mobilized and highly confident regions, each modern in its own way, fighting over future of in a rapidly expanding United States (Introduction: Overview).The differences made for white people were pervasive and structural, part of an ongoing process, not outcome of struggle between modernity and slavery. Slavery was vitally connected to modern progress. But as Thomas and Ayers point out, the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have shown all too clearly that forms of modern life can be adapted to forced labor and racial domination. American South pioneered in this fusion (Summary of Argument: Conclusion). Slavery and modernity coalesced as parts of same process.Thomas and Ayers reached these conclusions after comparing counties close to Mason-Dixon Line, one in which was legal, other in which it was not, which together offer a test of slavery's influence in antebellum era. South is represented by Augusta County, Virginia, and North by Franklin County, Pennsylvania, two places which shared virtually everything except slavery (Summary of Argument: Debates). similarities between these communities provide conditions needed for something like a controlled experiment: if culture, politics, and economy of Augusta County were affected by slavery, then its influence must have been even greater farther south; and if culture, politics, and economy of Franklin County were largely unaffected by slavery, then its influence must have been even smaller farther north (Introduction: Overview). A test of this hypothesis revealed that these communities showed significant differences in demography, strategies, and development but broad commonalities in economic outlook, political structures, and cultural orientation (Introduction: Overview). Thomas and Ayers conclude thatslavery drove all conflict that brought on Civil War but not in a simple way based on modernity, not in way many imply when they speak of economics causing war or of industrial North against agricultural South. . . . [Sjlavery was more central to Civil War than we have thought because it exerted a determining influence. . . . Slavery adopted forms of modern life available in mid-nineteenth-century United States-capitalist forms of investment and economic motivation, advanced transportation and communication, politics of broad participation by white men, and general white prosperity. …

“The Shadow of a Past Time”: History and Graphic Representation in Maus

Research Article| June 01 2006 “The Shadow of a Past Time”: History and Graphic Representation in Maus Hillary Chute Hillary Chute Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Twentieth-Century Literature (2006) 52 (2): 199–230. https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462X-2006-3001 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Hillary Chute; “The Shadow of a Past Time”: History and Graphic Representation in Maus. Twentieth-Century Literature 1 June 2006; 52 (2): 199–230. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462X-2006-3001 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsTwentieth-Century Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © Hofstra University2006 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Applying the Power of Patterns to the Web

With the vast amount of talent and experience that has gone into today's Web site development, there must be a way to leverage the best and avoid the worst when building new sites or individual pages. In A Pattern Language for Web Usability, Ian Graham makes a serious attempt at this goal by marrying the reuse concept of patterns for the Web with the human computer interaction concept of usability. The notion is brilliant, and the book does hold some gems. Overall, however, the book's execution of this marriage fails.

Soil Profile Analytical Database for Europe (SPADE): Reconstruction and Validation of the Measured Data (SPADE/M)

Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 106(1):71–85, 2006 The Soil Profile Analytical Database of Europe of Measured profiles (SPADE/M) was created to provide a common structure for storing harmonized information on typical soil profile properties of European soils. The main difficulty encountered in constructing the database was the transfer of the source data from individual electronic spreadsheet pages to the more rigid structure of a relational database. The data in spreadsheet format had been collected more than 12 years earlier but pressure was mounting for the capability to link these data to the Soil Map of Europe. A semi-automatic process was implemented to transfer data from nominal positions on the spreadsheet page to an intermediate structure highlighting any deviations from expected values. Conflicting situations were solved by manual intervention and expert judgement. Data in the intermediate structure were subjected to a validation procedure with the aim of storing uniform data in the database. The validation checks cover format authentication, restricting entries to permissible values and those passing plausibility tests. In cases where a horizon property could not be represented consistently following the field specifications, the database structure was adapted to accommodate those conditions. The database model was extended to allow data from multiple samples taken at the same plot and from the analysis of samples from different laboratories to be stored.

Mrs Birkbeck's Album: The Hand-written and the Printed in Early Nineteenth-Century Feminine Culture

Mrs Birkbeck's Album, collected between 1825 and 1847 by the wife of the founder of the College, contains poems, songs and other texts, as well as drawings and watercolours by famous women and men of her time. Like the collections that aristocratic women were able to spread over galleries and libraries, the album formed and displayed her taste, showcasing her husband's reputation and the cultural and political circles in which the couple moved. Several contributors to her album also worked for annuals, fashionable publications associated with a debased, commercialised feminine culture. Unlike these mechanically produced pages, Mrs Birkbeck's album, marked by individual hands rather than by printing presses, is the result of gift exchanges, removed from the world of commodified culture, even as it partakes of its glamour. Recent publications have explored the emergence of women's magazines, but little consideration has been given to album making. In this paper I explore the social meanings of Mrs Birkbeck's interest in albums. To facilitate a close reading of its individual pages, I am working towards digitising the album, in collaboration with Birkbeck Library and the Vasari Lab in the School of History of Art, Film and Visual Media.

Optical Read-Only-Memory Card System Based on the Talbot Effect

We present our progress in developing an optical storage system for portable devices, consisting of a removable read-only-memory (ROM) card and a robust reader. The bit patterns stored on the card medium are read out using an array of probes that are generated by means of the Talbot effect. The data are recovered in a parallel fashion by detection with a standard pixelated image sensor. To attain a large data capacity, a multiplexing scheme has been developed: from a large number of different data pages, individual pages can be selected by scanning the probe array over the medium in x and y direction. In order to position the probes accurately it is required to have accurate position information. A method has been devised to generate servo signals by making use of the moiré interference effect. A compact demonstrator was built that demonstrates feasibility of this position control method.

Evaluating implicit measures to improve web search

Of growing interest in the area of improving the search experience is the collection of implicit user behavior measures (implicit measures) as indications of user interest and user satisfaction. Rather than having to submit explicit user feedback, which can be costly in time and resources and alter the pattern of use within the search experience, some research has explored the collection of implicit measures as an efficient and useful alternative to collecting explicit measure of interest from users.This research article describes a recent study with two main objectives. The first was to test whether there is an association between explicit ratings of user satisfaction and implicit measures of user interest. The second was to understand what implicit measures were most strongly associated with user satisfaction. The domain of interest was Web search. We developed an instrumented browser to collect a variety of measures of user activity and also to ask for explicit judgments of the relevance of individual pages visited and entire search sessions. The data was collected in a workplace setting to improve the generalizability of the results.Results were analyzed using traditional methods (e.g., Bayesian modeling and decision trees) as well as a new usage behavior pattern analysis (“gene analysis”). We found that there was an association between implicit measures of user activity and the user's explicit satisfaction ratings. The best models for individual pages combined clickthrough, time spent on the search result page, and how a user exited a result or ended a search session (exit type/end action). Behavioral patterns (through the gene analysis) can also be used to predict user satisfaction for search sessions.

Benefits of Automated Crystallization Plate Tracking, Imaging, and Analysis

We describe the design of a database and software for managing and organizing protein crystallization data. We also outline the considerations behind the design of a fast web interface linking protein production data, crystallization images, and automated image analysis. The database and associated interfaces underpin the Oxford Protein Production Facility (OPPF) crystallization laboratory, collecting, in a routine and automatic manner, up to 100,000 images per day. Over 17 million separate images are currently held in this database. We discuss the substantial scientific benefits automated tracking, imaging, and analysis of crystallizations offers to the structural biologist: analysis of the time course of the trial and easy analysis of trials with related crystallization conditions. Features of this system address requirements common to many crystallographic laboratories that are currently setting up (semi-)automated crystallization imaging systems.

Finding and classifying web units in websites

In web classification, most researchers assume that the objects to be classified are individual web pages from one or more websites. In practice, the assumption is too restrictive since a web page itself may not carry sufficient information for it to be treated as an instance of some semantic class or concept. In this paper, we relax this assumption and allow a subgraph of web pages to represent an instance of the semantic concept. Such a subgraph of web pages is known as a web unit. To construct and classify web units, we formulate the web unit mining problem and propose an iterative web unit mining (iWUM) method. The iWUM method first finds subgraphs of web pages using knowledge about website structure and connectivity among the web pages. From these web subgraphs, web units are constructed and classified into categories in an iterative manner. Our experiments using the WebKB dataset showed that iWUM was able to construct web units and classify web units with high accuracy for the more structured parts of a website.

Recommended Vapor—Liquid Equilibrium Data. Part 3. Binary Alkanol—Aromatic Hydrocarbon Systems

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Recommended Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data. Part 3. Alkylbenzene–Water Systems

The recommended liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for 21 binary alkylbenzene–water systems have been obtained after critical evaluation of all data (392 data sets) reported in the open literature up to the middle of 2003. An equation for prediction of the alkylbenzene solubilities was developed. The predicted alkylbenzene solubilities were used for calculation of water solubility in the second liquid phase. The LLE calculations were done with the equation of state appended with a chemical term proposed by Góral. The recommended data were presented in the form of individual pages containing tables, all the references, and optionally figures.

The Last 30 Years of Public Choice: An Analysis of Author and Institution Rankings

In this paper we provide a statistical analysis of authorship in Public Choiceover the past 30 years. We explore trends in article length andcoauthorship, as well as provide rankingsof individual authors and institutions bytotal pages published in the journal. Thisis the first such ranking of publicationsin the journal since 1987. We find asignificant degree of turnover among theleading authors in Public Choice, andthat George Mason University is clearly theleading institution making a large share ofthe new contributions in the field.

Recommended Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data. Part 3. Binary Alkanol–Aromatic Hydrocarbon Systems

The recommended vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for mixtures of alkanols with benzene and alkylbenzenes have been selected after critical evaluation of all data reported in the open literature up to the middle of 2002. The evaluation procedure consisted in combining the thermodynamic consistency tests, data correlation, comparison with enthalpy of mixing data, and comparison of VLE data for various mixtures. The data were correlated with equations based on local compositions concept as well as with equation of state appended with chemical term (EoSC) proposed by Góral. The recommended data for 29 systems are presented in the form of individual pages containing tables of data, figures and auxiliary information. Each page corresponds to one system and contains three isotherms (spaced by at least 15 K) and one isobar (preferably at 101.32 kPa). Experimental gaps were completed with the predicted data.

Recommended Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data. Part 2. Unsaturated Hydrocarbon–Water Systems

The recommended liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for 24 binary unsaturated hydrocarbon–water systems have been obtained after critical evaluation of all data (80 data sets) reported in the open literature up to the middle of 2003. A new equation was developed for prediction of the unsaturated hydrocarbon solubility. Using the predicted hydrocarbon solubilities the concentration of water in the second liquid phase was calculated. The LLE calculations were performed with the equation of state appended with a chemical term (EoSC). The recommended data were presented in the form of individual pages containing tables, all the references, and optionally figures.

Recommended Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data. Part 1. Binary Alkane–Water Systems

The recommended liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for 32 binary n-alkane, isoalkane, and cycloalkane–water systems have been obtained after critical evaluation of all data (345 data sets) reported in the open literature up to the end of 2002. The evaluation of the alkane solubility data was based on a generalized equation, which allows prediction of the alkane solubility as a function of temperature. Using the predicted alkane solubilities the concentration of water in the alkane rich phase was calculated. The LLE calculations were performed with the equation of state appended with a chemical term (EoSC) proposed by Góral. The experimental solubilities of water in various alkanes were compared to each other and to the calculated values. The recommended data are presented in the form of individual pages containing tables, all the references, and optionally figures.

A layered approach for investigating the topological structure of communities in the Web

A layered approach for identifying communities in the Web is presented and explored by applying the flake exact community identification algorithm to the UK academic Web. Although community or topic identification is a common task in information retrieval, a new perspective is developed by: the application of alternative document models, shifting the focus from individual pages to aggregated collections based upon Web directories, domains and entire sites; the removal of internal site links; and the adaptation of a new fast algorithm to allow fully‐automated community identification using all possible single starting points. The overall topology of the graphs in the three least‐aggregated layers was first investigated and found to include a large number of isolated points but, surprisingly, with most of the remainder being in one huge connected component, exact proportions varying by layer. The community identification process then found that the number of communities far exceeded the number of topological components, indicating that community identification is a potentially useful technique, even with random starting points. Both the number and size of communities identified was dependent on the parameter of the algorithm, with very different results being obtained in each case. In conclusion, the UK academic Web is embedded with layers of non‐trivial communities and, if it is not unique in this, then there is the promise of improved results for information retrieval algorithms that can exploit this additional structure, and the application of the technique directly to partially automate Web metrics tasks such as that of finding all pages related to a given subject hosted by a single country's universities.