Individual Communication Styles Research Articles

Speaking with one voice? Individual preferences and managers’ personal communication style

AbstractWe examine whether and to what extent the personal communication of corporate information by individual managers is affected by their personal preferences for impression management. Using earnings conference calls as a setting in which to observe individual managers’ personal communication and controlling for firm‐specific and manager‐specific factors, we document that the communication style of managers who sell corporate stock shortly after the call is significantly more optimistic than that of the nonselling manager who participates in the same call. The effect is more pronounced in the less scripted and more flexible question and answer section and is more likely to emerge from Chief Financial Officer (CFO) than from Chief Executive Officer (CEO) communications. Taken together, our findings suggest that differences in individual communication styles are not only affected by personality and career backgrounds of individual managers but rather can also emerge from managers’ conscious or unconscious preferences for impression management.

Augmented Reality in A Sustainable Engineering Design Context: Understanding Students’ Collaboration and Negotiation Practices

This study reports on the use of augmented reality (AR) within the context of sustainable engineering design education. The objective of this study is to understand students’ collaboration and negotiation practices in a sustainable engineering design context using AR. The technology used in this study includes MERGE Cube (a physical cube that acts as a digital canvas for AR) and CoSpaces Edu (an online platform for students to build 3D creations and animate them with code). There have been 48 instances of student participation from upper elementary to middle school in four iterations of this study since February 2022. The research was conducted based on a design-based research methodology, and the data was collected through qualitative methods and analyzed using the intra-action analysis method. This study’s outcome revealed that interactions among participant dyads and with the technology shed light on distinct dynamics within collaborative sustainability-oriented learning and design processes. These diverse interactions collectively emphasize the multifaceted nature of collaborative design, where individual experiences, communication styles, and technological proficiency all play integral roles in shaping the collaborative process. In addition, the results of our research showed that the complexities inherent in negotiating ownership and collaboration dynamics are influenced by individual attitudes, timing of involvement, and previous experiences. Given the importance of collaboration in achieving sustainability-oriented goals, these findings are relevant to the field of sustainable engineering education, especially when working with younger children.

From Conversation Starters to Speech Habits: A Sociophonetic Exploration of Language Fillers

This sociophonetic study delved into the intriguing domain of language fillers, investigating their transformation from mere conversation starters to integral speech habits. Language fillers, often dismissed as mere vocal pauses, were examined through a comprehensive exploration of their sociolinguistic complexities. Employing a multidimensional approach, encompassing phonetic, phonological, and sociocultural perspectives, this research uncovered the multifaceted functions and evolving roles of language fillers in contemporary communication. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses, this study not only elucidated the linguistic mechanisms underlying the use of language fillers but also highlighted their sociocontextual variability across diverse speech communities. By shedding light on the intricate interplay between language fillers, sociophonetics, and sociolinguistic norms, this investigation contributed to a deeper understanding of how language fillers shape and reflect individual communication styles and broader linguistic practices.

Prise en charge chirurgicale de l’enfant polyhandicapé. Présentation faite par Mathilde Gaume dans le cadre des journées du CRMH : suivi orthopédique de l’enfant polyhandicapé, 9 juin 2023, Paris

The orthopedic surgical indication in the context of polyhandicap should always be made with a comprehensive understanding of the child's medical, family, and social situation. Therefore, it should be determined through extensive consultation with the family and the relevant medical, educational, and rehabilitative teams. The targeted objectives should align completely with the individual plan of the subject. Post-operative follow-ups and constraints should also be considered in the context of the individual's uniqueness, their behavior, and communication style. At times, the surgeon may need to exercise restraint. We will illustrate our practice through some fairly common indications.

Vulnerable Narcissism and Internet Addiction: Exploring Mediating Pathway through Vengeance

The present study aimed to explore the mediating pathway on internet addiction through vengeance. The sample was consisted of 392 university students (N female = 242, 61.7% and N male = 150, 38.3%). The ages ranged between 18 and 35, with a mean age of 21.6 (SD = 1.95). The sample completed Young's Internet Addiction Test-Short Form, The Vengeance Scale, and Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale. According to mediation analysis results using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping, vengeance partially mediated vulnerable narcissism-internet addiction association. The results of the present study intimated the importance of the effects of individual differences and communication styles or preferences on internet addiction. The possible potential therapeutic power of vulnerable narcissism, which may lead to a direct increase in vengeance and an indirect increase in internet addiction through vengeance, appeared in line with this perspective. Finally, the results provided beneficial outcomes for clinical experts.

Exploring the Intricacies of Human Character: A Cutting-Edge Platform for Personality Detection

Abstract: This research introduces a platform for personality detection that leverages artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) principles. By employing facial recognition, eye detection, body language analysis, speech recognition, and heart rate detection, the platform aims to accurately discern and analyse an individual's personality traits. The platform analyses various cues emitted by an individual, including facial expressions, micro expressions, eye movements, postures, gestures, speech patterns, and heart rate fluctuations. Through the integration of these AI and ML techniques, the platform offers comprehensive insights into an individual's emotional state, communication style, and personality characteristics. This technology has promising applications in personalized marketing, customer analysis, mental health assessment, and team dynamics optimization. By harnessing the power of AI and ML, this platform has the potential to revolutionise industries and pave the way for tailored experiences and enhanced human interactions. Preface: This research endeavours to present a ground-breaking idea for copyright protection. Recognizing the importance of safeguarding intellectual property in the digital age, this study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and robust approach to copyright enforcement. To realise the practical implementation of this idea, a well-developed research team with expertise in technology, law, and digital rights is essential. Furthermore, successful integration and collaboration with renowned IT companies are vital to harness their resources, technical capabilities, and industry influence. By bringing together the collective knowledge and expertise of such a team and leveraging the support of renowned IT companies, this research aims to pave the way for a more effective and efficient copyright protection framework that ensures the rights of creators and innovators in the modern digital landscape.

HUMANISTIC PRINCIPLES OF FORMING SPIRITUAL VALUES OF STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The article is devoted to the problems of forming spiritual values of students in the educational process of higher education institution. The author defines the term “spiritual values of student youth” and specifies the structural components of this personal complex of features. The article presents a series of pedagogical conditions, forms and methods of education that will promote the spiritual and value self-affirmation of the student's personality. The author reveals the content and peculiarities of pedagogical support in the process of forming the spiritual values of student youth in the center of modern high school education. The process of developing the spiritual values of higher education students in institutional settings involves the disclosure of young men and women's own personal characteristics, self-knowledge and self-awareness of the possibilities for a creative life structure. Spiritual values are offered by socially valuable landmarks, relationships with others, moral beliefs, students' ability to organize their own life activities in accordance with accepted norms of behavior. In addition, it can be said that society and the individual are connected by moral qualities that represent spiritual values in an emotionally fixed form. An important condition for the formation of spiritual values of students of higher education institutions is pedagogical support of students in moral self-determination, individual spiritual values. Pedagogical support has value if it is willful, targeted, tactful, competent, dosed, has everyday nature, and most importantly, if it fully works for the perspective and fulfills its educational purpose in all cases. Pedagogical support for the formation of students' spiritual values should be systematic and include the following factors: the need to optimize communication and increase the level of the teacher's personality development; the ability to define an individual communication style; availability of a flexible and creative approach to the problems of educational interaction; the subjects' desire for self-development. In the individual support of students of higher education for the disclosure of their spiritual values, five interrelated stages can be distinguished (diagnostic, exploratory design, active; reflective), each of which ensures the development of various forms, methods, and means of educational activity.

Crew communication styles under regular and excessive workload

Within the frame of Russian space experiment “Content” aboard International Space Stations (ISS), semantic characteristics of 15 Russian cosmonauts' communication with Mission Control Center (MCC) were studied using content analysis. Revealed individual differences in cosmonauts' communication led Russian Mission Control specialists to the assumptions about existence of individual communication styles, expressed under stress. Methodology based on the concept of V. Satir was applied for their definition. Specific features for each style were defined with the help of P. Suedfeld's coping styles approach to the speech content analysis. Predominance of three main communication styles (“computing”, “blaming” and “placating”, as per Satir) was detected in cosmonauts' communication. Comparison of individual communication styles during days with nominal and increased workload confirmed their relative stability under moderate and increased stress. An increase of “blaming” and “placating” style features in cosmonauts' communication may require additional psychological support from MCC.

Style Features in Communication of the Crews With Mission Control.

In "Content," an International Space Station (ISS) Russian segment space experiment, features of communication between the cosmonauts and the Mission Control Center (MCC) were studied using content analysis. The method is based on the concept of stress copings by Lazarus and Folkman. Differences found in the communication of cosmonauts led to assumptions about the existence of individual communication styles in routine communication between the cosmonauts and the MCC. The differences found were defined using V. Satir's classical model of communication types. The pre-dominance of three main communication styles ("computing," "blaming," and "placating," as per Satir) was found. Manifestations and features of styles are discussed, considering the effectiveness of the "computing" style for ISS-MCC communication. Cosmonauts with a pre-dominance of this communication style, mostly are stable and with good self-control. An increase of the "blaming" and the "placating" style features in the communication of cosmonauts may require adaptation of the MCC communication and additional psychological support for the cosmonauts.

Педагогічні умови формування комунікативної компетентності майбутніх фахівців соціономічних професій

Pedagogical conditions of motivation formation for the development of communicative competence of future specialists in socionomic professions during seminars and practical classes online and offline using interactive methods are defined in the article. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the pedagogical conditions that allow to form future specialists’competences who get higher education in the specialty 081 “Law” at the first (bachelor’s) level, motivation for the development of their communicative competence in the process of studying psychological disciplines. Methodology of the article. The disclosure of the theoretical foundations of pedagogical conditions in order to form communicative competence of future specialists of socionomic professions is based on the analysis of interactive methods and technologies used in the educational process. Theoretical and methodological basis of the article consists of didactic principles and teaching theories, as well as a system of interactive methods and tools that ensure the development of communicative abilities of future professionals in socionomic professions. Results. Substantiation of pedagogical conditions for communicative competence formation of future specialists of socionomic professions at different stages of education in a higher educational institution: adaptation, formation, primary professionalization. To this end, the analysis of publications of both domestic and foreign scholars on the subject, which identified pedagogical conditions necessary for the development of basic communication skills, mastering the technique of interpersonal interaction, forming an individual style of communication by using verbal and nonverbal means, develop the ability to self-presentation. Practical significance of the results is determined by the development of recommendations for teachers who create pedagogical conditions for forming communicative competence of future specialists in socionomic professions to master psychological technique of persuasion and suggestion, individual communication style, ability to resist manipulation, ability to express empathy as an emotional response. Substantiated pedagogical conditions for forming communicative competence of future specialists in socionomic professions must be taken into account in the educational process that will ensure their willingness to cooperate, generalize, analyze and perceive information, the ability to present the ideas logically and reasonably. Value (originality). The originality of the research reveals itself in the fact that it combines different approaches to creating pedagogical conditions for forming communicative competence of future specialists in socionomic professions, in the process of their education in higher educational institution both online and offline. Key words: future specialists, socionomic professions, communicative competence, pedagogical conditions, stages of training, independent study, methods, technologies.

MuBeFE: Multimodal Behavioural Features Extraction Method

The paper aims to provide a method to analyse and observe the characteristics that distinguish the individual communication style such as the voice intonation, the size and slant used in handwriting and the trait, pressure and dimension used for sketching. These features are referred to as Communication Extensional Features. Observing from the Communication Extensional Features, the user’s behavioural features, such as the communicative intention, the social style and personality traits can be extracted. These behavioural features are referred to as Communication Intentional Features. For the extraction of Communication Intentional Features, a method based on Hidden Markov Models is provided in the paper. The Communication Intentional Features have been extracted at the modal and multimodal level; this represents an important novelty provided by the paper. The accuracy of the method was tested both at modal and multimodal levels. The evaluation process results indicate an accuracy of 93.3% for the Modal layer (handwriting layer) and 95.3% for the Multimodal layer.

Nurses’ experiences of serving as a communication guide and supporting the implementation of a communication intervention in the intensive care unit

ABSTRACT Purpose : To explore the experience of serving as a nurse communication guide, supporting the bottom-up implementation of a multi-component communication intervention prototype in the intensive care unit. Methods : The overall frame was Complex Interventions, and the study was conducted within the phenomenological-hermeneutic tradition. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with eight nurse communication guides. Data were analysed using a Ricoeur-inspired interpretation method. Results : Two main themes emerged: 1) “The communication intervention components provided overview, a conceptual framework, awareness and room for reflection” and 2) “Being a communication guide illuminated the barriers and challenges of implementation”. Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding was established that illuminated experiences throughout the analysis: “An ICU communication intervention has to be adaptable to the specific situation and the double need for individualization but also provide overall guidance”. Conclusion : Findings showed that as communication is inherent to all human beings, it can be difficult to change the communication behaviour of nurses. Therefore, a communication intervention in the intensive care unit must be sensitive to the nurse communication guides’ individual communication style. Furthermore, a communication intervention should provide nurse communication guides with overall guidance while at the same time remaining adaptable to the needs of each specific situation.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ОБЩЕНИЯ ЧЛЕНОВ ЭКИПАЖА С ЦУП НА ЭТАПАХ АДАПТАЦИИ К УСЛОВИЯМ ДОЛГОВРЕМЕННОГО КОСМИЧЕСКОГО ПОЛЕТА

In space experiment CONTENT, content-analysis was used to study speech communication between cosmonauts onboard the International space station (ISS) and the Mission control center (MCC) in different mission periods in context of time perception, chronodeficit and work schedule. It was stated that the reaction to chronodeficit affected crew communication with MCC consistently though variously depending on an individual communication style. Analysis of the frequency of crew comments in the Use-of-Time category enables to define the most challenging periods of psychological adaptation for cosmonauts with particular communication styles.

Communication competence and the intensity of anxiety and stress in medical staff – a preliminary report

Aim of the studyCommunication competencies are crucial in healthcare. Medical staff is exposed to increased emotional stress. It is still unclear, whether the level of communication competencies correlates with stress associated with professional work in healthcare providers. The aim of this study was to determine this relationship and investigate the models of coping with stress among different professional groups in the hospital wards.Subject or material and methodsMethods: The study involved interviewing medical personnel (N=93, 69 female, doctors, nurses, psychologists) to collect the psychological parameters including stress, anxiety, coping strategies and communication skills.ResultsResults: Nurses use less often task oriented coping with stress than doctors, while psychologists have higher level of avoidance-oriented style than doctors and nurses. Important associations between readiness for cooperation and the stress levels in doctors (positive) and psychologists (negative) were detected.DiscussionThe level of communication barriers correlated strongly negatively with the level of stress in psychologists. There are important relationships between cooperation and stress levels, individual communication style and anxiety levels.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals use various coping strategies when exposed to stressful situations which depend partly on their profession. The coping strategies used correlate with the communication strategies. Moreover, the level of anxiety is associated with communication competence.

Decision-making among the substitute decision makers in intensive care units: An investigation of decision control preferences and decisional conflicts.

To explore decision control preferences and decisional conflicts and to analyse their association among the surrogate decision makers in the intensive care unit. The study carried out a cross-sectional survey among the surrogates. The participants were 115 surrogate decision makers of critical patients, from August to September 2019. A Chi-squared test and logistic regression were used to assess decision control preferences and decisional conflicts, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was employed to examine their association. Of the 115 surrogate decision makers, 51.3% preferred a collaborative role, and 63.48% were somewhat unsure about making decisions. Logistic regression analysis identified decision control preferences was associated with surrogates' age, education level, and personality traits, while decisional conflicts was associated with surrogates' age, education level, character, medical expense burden, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II score. Cohen's kappa statistics showed a bad concordance of decision-making expectations and actuality, with kappa values of 0.158 (p<.05). Wherein surrogates who experienced discordance between their preferred and actual roles, have relatively higher decisional conflicts. This study identified individual differences of surrogate decision makers in decision control preferences and decisional conflicts. These results imply that incorporation of the individual decision preferences and communication styles into care plans is an important first step to develop high quality decision support. This research is a contribution to the limited study on decision control preferences and decisional conflicts among surrogate decision makers of critically ill patients. Moreover based on the investigation of understanding the status and related factors of decision preferences and decisional conflicts set the stage for developing effective decision support interventions.

Health-Literacy Training for First-Year Respiratory Therapy Students: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study.

Respiratory therapists (RTs) should communicate with patients in a way that leads to patients understanding their discharge plans and medical device instructions. The teach-back method is a patient-centered, health-literate technique that allows health care professionals to confirm patient understanding. The purpose of this mixed-methods pilot study was to measure the use of teach-back by first-year undergraduate RT students in a simulation-center experience after a 1-h teach-back skills training. First-year RT students' health literacy knowledge and belief in communication skills were measured using a pre- and post- survey about their knowledge and beliefs. A 1-h health literacy and teach-back skills training lecture (ie, intervention) was delivered after the pre-testing. RT students were then assessed for teach-back use during a regularly scheduled simulation center experience. Their experiences were recorded in a semistructured interview immediately after the simulation-center experience. 14 of 20 RT students used teach-back in the simulation center. Knowledge scores increased from 8.278 to 8.944 postintervention, and the median scores for belief increased from 111 to 117 postintervention. There was a statistically significant postintervention increase in knowledge scores (P < .001) and in communication belief scores (P = .038). Thematic content analysis revealed 2 primary themes for teach-back use: to confirm patient understanding and to confirm proper use of medical devices. Teach-back was not used due to the discharge scenario used in the simulation center, due to the student forgetting and/or being nervous, due to how engaged the patient was, or due to individual communication style. Results from our pilot study indicate that RT students may benefit from a 1-h health literacy and teach-back skills training. Furthermore, we identified reasons why the teach-back method was not used and determined what communication training students perceived would be helpful. Our findings can be used to help improve and implement communication skills training in the RT curriculum.

Machine learning approaches to facial and text analysis: Discovering CEO oral communication styles

Abstract Research SummaryWe demonstrate how a novel synthesis of three methods—(a) unsupervised topic modeling of text data to generate new measures of textual variance, (b) sentiment analysis of text data, and (c) supervised ML coding of facial images with a cutting‐edge convolutional neural network algorithm—can shed light on questions related to CEO oral communication. With videos and corresponding transcripts of interviews with emerging market CEOs, we use this synthesis of methods to discover five distinct communication styles that incorporate both verbal and nonverbal aspects of communication. Our data comprises interviews that represent unedited expressions and content, making them especially suitable as data sources for the measurement of an individual's communication style. We then perform a proof‐of‐concept analysis, correlating CEO communication styles to M&amp;A outcomes, highlighting the value of combining text and videographic data to define styles. We also discuss the benefits of using our methods versus current research methods. Managerial SummaryCEOs spend most of their time communicating to investors, customers, and partners with the aim of influencing these various stakeholders. To what extent though does their effectiveness as leaders depend on a mixture of what they say and how they say it? We use cutting‐edge machine learning approaches to measure a CEO's communication style, which can give clues about the major strategic decisions a CEO's firm must make. With a collection of video interviews with 61 organizational leaders from emerging markets, we use textual analysis and facial image expression recognition to code whether CEOs are “excitable,” “stern,” “dramatic,” “rambling,” and “melancholy” in their communication styles. As a proof‐of‐concept, we also show that CEOs who were more dramatic in expressing themselves were also less likely to oversee major acquisitions. Therefore, not only can CEO communication styles help predict a firm's ability to grow, adapt to change, and reallocate existing assets, styles can also be coded more intuitively by using our new method, representing a vast improvement over previous methods in both accessibility and interpretability.

Finding top performers through email patterns analysis

In the information economy, individuals’ work performance is closely associated with their digital communication strategies. This study combines social network and semantic analysis to develop a method to identify top performers based on email communication. By reviewing existing literature, we identified the indicators that quantify email communication into measurable dimensions. To empirically examine the predictive power of the proposed indicators, we collected 2 million email archive of 578 executives in an international service company. Panel regression was employed to derive interpretable association between email indicators and top performance. The results suggest that top performers tend to assume central network positions and have high responsiveness to emails. In email contents, top performers use more positive and complex language, with low emotionality, but rich in influential words that are probably reused by co-workers. To better explore the predictive power of the email indicators, we employed AdaBoost machine learning models, which achieved 83.56% accuracy in identifying top performers. With cluster analysis, we further find three categories of top performers, ‘networkers’ with central network positions, ‘influencers’ with influential ideas and ‘positivists’ with positive sentiments. The findings suggest that top performers have distinctive email communication patterns, laying the foundation for grounding email communication competence in theory. The proposed email analysis method also provides a tool to evaluate the different types of individual communication styles.

Health professional perceptions of communicating with adolescents and young adults about bone cancer clinical trial participation.

Low recruitment of adolescents and young adults in cancer clinical trials is widely reported and may be linked to limited improvements in survival. Research to date does not adequately explain all underlying reasons for poor trial accrual. This paper reports health professional perceptions of communicating with adolescents and young adults with bone sarcoma about clinical trial participation. This study used narrative inquiry. Findings are reported from thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with 18 multidisciplinary health professionals working in a supra-regional bone and soft tissue sarcoma centre. Participants described professional expertise, the development of specialist knowledge and skills and strategies used to develop trusting relationships with adolescents and young adults with bone sarcoma. These factors were perceived to facilitate communication about clinical trial participation. Emergent themes were having credibility through expertise of the team, developing specialist communication skills through reflection on practice, having inclusive approaches to education and training about clinical trials, individual communication styles used to form trusting relationships, using a patient-centred approach to connect with adolescents and young adults, creating time needed to form trusting relationships and effective team working. We aligned findings of this study with characteristics of patient-physician trust and provide a basis for transferable recommendations. Our findings can be used to inform the development of age-specific, specialist communication skills and highlight health professional education needs about clinical trials. Additional research is needed to explore which elements of team working optimise improved clinical trial participation, in what contexts and why.

An Examination of How Gender May Relate to Communication Styles of Introversion and Extroversion in Nursing Students.

This research brief explores the relationship between introversion and extroversion communication styles and gender in nursing students. Although communication is integral for delivering safe patient care, teaching about individual communication styles is rare in nursing curricula. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was administered to 47 nursing students. Chi-square was used to analyze relationships between introversion/extroversion and gender. The data reported no significance relationships between introverts and extroverts and gender. The findings contribute to nursing education by bringing awareness of communication preference tools like the MBTI.