Body Image In Individuals Research Articles

Quantifying body size estimation accuracy and body dissatisfaction in body dysmorphic disorder using a digital avatar

BackgroundA core feature of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is body image disturbance. Many with BDD misperceive and are dissatisfied with the sizes and shapes of body parts, but detailed quantification and analysis of this has not yet been performed. To address this gap, we applied Somatomap 3D, a digital avatar tool, to quantify body image disturbances by assessing body size estimation (BSE) accuracy and body dissatisfaction. MethodsSixty-one adults (31 with BDD, 30 healthy controls) created avatars to reflect their perceived current body and ideal body by altering 23 body part sizes and lengths using Somatomap 3D. Physical measurements of corresponding body parts were recorded for comparison. BSE accuracy (current minus actual) and body dissatisfaction (ideal minus current) were compared between groups and in relation to BDD symptom severity using generalized estimating equations. ResultsIndividuals with BDD significantly over- and under-estimated certain body parts compared to healthy controls. Individuals with BDD overall desired significantly thinner body parts compared to healthy controls. Moreover, those with worse BSE accuracy had greater body dissatisfaction and poorer insight. ConclusionIn sum, this digital avatar tool revealed disturbances in body image in individuals with BDD that may have perceptual and cognitive/affective components.

A randomized controlled trial of an online single session intervention for body image in individuals with recurrent binge eating.

Theoretical models highlight body image disturbances as central to the maintenance of eating disorders, with empirical evidence finding negative body image to be a robust predictor of treatment nonresponse, relapse and symptom persistence. Accessible, scalable, and inexpensive interventions that can effectively target negative body image across the eating disorders are needed. We developed an online single session intervention (SSI) for negative body image and evaluated its acceptability and efficacy in a randomized controlled trial in individuals with recurrent binge eating. Participants with recurrent binge eating were randomly assigned to the SSI (n = 99) or a waitlist (n = 101). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 4 week follow-up, and 8 week follow-up. 81% of participants accessed the SSI, demonstrating reasonable uptake. However, issues with attrition were apparent; a 32% study dropout rate was observed at posttest, while a 58% dropout rate was observed at follow-up. 87% of participants who completed satisfaction measures would recommend the SSI. SSI participants experienced greater improvements in negative body image at both 4 (d = -0.65) and 8 week (d = -0.74) follow-up. Significant between-group effects were also observed on most other secondary symptom measures, though no differences were found for motivations and help-seeking beliefs and intentions. Body image-focused self-guided SSIs for recurrent binge are largely accepted by those who are retained in the trial, but are associated with significant attrition. Although SSIs are not intended to replace standard treatment, they may help with short-term symptom management and could play an important role in eating disorder care. Single session interventions (SSI) are a potentially accessible, scalable, and cost-effective way to deliver evidence-based treatment content to people with eating disorders. This study shows that an online (SSI) designed to target body image among people with recurrent binge eating is accepted and produced short-term symptom relief.

Impact of Body-contouring Surgery Post Bariatric Surgery on Patient Well-being, Quality of Life, and Body Image: Saudi Arabia-based Cross-sectional Study.

Body-contouring surgery is commonly performed to address functional and aesthetic issues that can arise following bariatric surgery. However, there is limited understanding of the psychological impact of this procedure on Saudi Arabian patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. This study aimed to explore the effects of body-contouring surgery on the psychological well-being, quality of life, and body image of individuals who have undergone bariatric surgery. This cross-sectional study assessed the psychological impact of body-contouring surgery by measuring levels of depression and generalized anxiety disorder using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, respectively. The study included a total of 227 participants, with 112 (49.3%) undergoing body-contouring surgery. Among the entire sample, 77.5% experienced excess skin folds following bariatric surgery. The prevalence of depression was 6% in the body-contouring group, lower than the 8% observed in the non-body-contouring group (P = 0.073). Notably, anxiety was significantly lower in the body-contouring group, with a prevalence of 4% compared with 6% in the non-body-contouring group (P = 0.006). Additionally, patients who had undergone body-contouring surgery reported higher scores for emotional well-being when compared with those who had not undergone body-contouring (P = 0.011). The study suggests that body-contouring surgery improves the physical appearance of bariatric-surgery patients and reduces anxiety and depression, leading to improved psychological well-being. Further research, including larger and more diverse populations, such as multicenter studies at a regional or international level, is needed to validate these findings.

Exploring the Relationship Between Self-esteem and Body Image in Individuals Undergoing Disability Rehabilitation: Gender Differences and Program Implications

Exploring the Relationship Between Self-esteem and Body Image in Individuals Undergoing Disability Rehabilitation: Gender Differences and Program Implications

Mindfulness-based interventions for body image dissatisfaction among clinical population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are well-validated interventions to enhance the favourable body image of individuals. Despite their wide application, the efficacy of MBIs in reducing body image dissatisfaction (BID) among various clinical populations remains unclear. This study aims to expand the literature on MBIs for BID and identify effective types of MBIs for reducing BID in diverse clinical populations for future research and practice. A systematic search for studies published in English on the effectiveness of MBIs for BID among the clinical population was done on APA PsycNet, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases in August 2023. Of the 1962 articles initially identified, 17 were found eligible and evaluated based on the JBI checklist. Random effects meta-analyses on six MBIs revealed their effectiveness in reducing BID among the clinical population (SMD = -.59 and 95% CI = -1.03 to -.15, p = .009), with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) (SMD = -1.29, 95% CI = -2.06 to -.52, p = .001) and My Changed Body (MyCB) (SMD = -.24, 95% CI = -.46 to -.01, p = .04) reporting significant effect sizes. Among the patients with breast cancer, MyCB (SMD = -.24, 95% CI = -.46 to -.01, p = .04) showed a significant effect size. MBIs appear to be promising interventions in reducing BID among the clinical population. However, findings should be considered cautiously due to the possible publication bias, high heterogeneity and fewer available studies.

Erkek Vücut Geliştirme Sporcularında Vücut Kompozisyonu ile Benlik Saygısı ve Beden İmgesi Arasındaki İlişki

Being in optimal body composition is an important factor in athletes due to factors such as health, performance and success of athletes. In general, lean body mass is considered an indicator of muscle fitness and is a performance-related factor. Bodybuilding is a branch of sports that aims to increase the strength and volume of the muscles and is mostly done by men. After a while, the training goals can move towards body images that cannot be achieved under normal conditions. In this review, it is aimed to examine the relationship between body composition, self-esteem and body image on male bodybuilders. Recent studies have shown an increased interest in the relationship between body dissatisfaction, self-esteem and body image. It is seen that there is a negative relationship between self-esteem and body image in individuals with body dissatisfaction. Approaches that change one's self-esteem and body image can lead to positive results in a treatment that will provide an approach to body dissatisfaction. More work is needed on this subject.

Body Image, Media Influences, and Situational Dysphoria in Individuals with Visible Physical Disabilities.

Body image in individuals with visible physical disabilities appears to be an important area of research and investigation, which has received little attention over the years. The purpose of the current descriptive, cross-sectional study was to investigate relationships between the body image construct, possible media influences on body image satisfaction, self-esteem, and the novel variable of situational body image dysphoria in individuals with visible physical disabilities. One hundred fifty-four men and women responded to the measures of interest. Results indicated that appearance satisfaction, weight-related anxiety, pressures from the media, and the internalization of the thin ideal were significant predictors of situational body image dysphoria. Additionally, when controlling for type of disability, females face more difficulties concerning only some of the variables of interest. These findings have important implications for practice with regards to screening measures, the education of healthcare professionals, as well as intervention and rehabilitation programs.

The Relationship Between Self-Esteem, Depression and Body Image in Individuals with Gender Dysphoria: Male-to-Female Type

Gender dysphoria (GD) as a general descriptive term refers to the distress that may accompany the incongruence between one’s experienced or expressed gender, and one’s assigned gender. The aim of the study was to investigate relationship among depression, self- esteem, and body image in individuals with gender dysphoria, male to female type. 31 transsexual men referred to Tehran psychiatric Institution for receiving therapy or surgery certification were selected and completed questionnaires including Appearance Schema Inventory (Cash, 1992), Multidimensional Body- self Relations questionnaire (Cash, 2000), Coopersmith self- esteem scale (Coopersmith, 1981) and Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (Beck, et al., 1996). In the group significant correlations were found between self-esteem and depression, self-esteem and both aspects of body image and between depression and two sides of body image (p<0.05). In stepwise regressions and only MtF group, self- esteem was related to body images and partially could predict its changes. Depression associated with the scores of ASI but the MBSRQ's could be anticipated with self- esteem. Although in the mentioned group the significant correlations were displayed, the anticipatory role of self-esteem in body image only was displayed its role in MBSRQ's inventory and not in ASI and could predict some aspects of body images changes.

BODY IMAGE PERCEPTION, QUALITY OF LIFE AND PATIENT SATISFACTION IN BARIATRIC SURGERY PATIENTS: A STUDY ON MEDICAL TOURISTS

Introduction: Obesity, a serious health problem that should be prevented because it causes many health problems, also negatively affects the quality of life and body image of individuals. This study was aimed at determining the relationship between and determinants of the perceived body image, patient satisfaction and quality of life of individuals who preferred Turkey to undergo bariatric surgery within the scope of medical tourism. Methodology: The population of the study consisted of 329 medical tourists who underwent bariatric surgery between 2015 and 2022 in private hospitals having health tourism authorization certificate in Samsun. Data were collected between September 01, 2021 and November 31, 2022 using the Personal Information Form, Body Image Scale, Quality Of Life Scale and Patient Satisfaction Scale. Descriptive statistics and the student t test, ANOVA test, correlation and multiple regression statistical analysis methods were used in the analysis of the data. Results: Of the participants, 37.4% were men and 62.6% were women. Their mean age was 39.74�10.063 years. According to the results obtained from the present study, patient satisfaction was affected by the variables such as age, education level, family type, monthly income, income status, exercise status, chronic disease status and perceived body image (p<0.05). On the other hand, the quality of life was affected by the variables such as perceived body image, marital status, education status, employment status, family type, income status, alcohol use, and exercise status (p<0.05). Patient satisfaction and quality of life were positively correlated with perceived body image of the participants who underwent bariatric surgery.Conclusion: According to the results of the study, patient satisfaction and quality of life were affected by socioeconomic characteristics and perceived body image of the participants, and perceived body image, patient satisfaction and quality of life were positively affected in the participants who underwent bariatric surgery.

The Roles of Media, Social Comparison and Self-discrepancy on Overweight/Obese Patients’ Decision to Undergo Intragastric Botulinum Toxin-A Injection

Body image is the sum of individuals’ perceptions of their own bodies. There are various factors that affect body image, one of which is sociocultural factors. Sociocultural factors, including family, peers and the media, are important factors affecting the body image of individuals. The effects of being overweight on one’s body image perception has been one of the most frequently researched topics in recent years. Studies have also shown that comparing one’s body with people in the media, and the dissatisfaction with one’s body resulting from it, motivates people to resort to various methods of losing weight. Doctors recommend various procedures for health reasons. Moreover, overweight women choose some surgical procedures such as intragastric botox injection, due to their concerns about their body image. Intragastric Botulinum Toxin-A injection (stomach botox) is one of them. This study aims to explore how sociocultural factors affect the overweight/ class I obese female patients’ decision to undergo an intragastric botox injection treatment from an interpretative phenomenological approach. The sample of the study consisted of 12 female patients who had an intragastric botox injection in the last six months. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the patients. The interpretive phenomenological analysis revealed seven themes; self-definition through physical characteristics, motivations towards intragastric botox injection, attitudes towards the body, the perceived effects of being overweight, comparing one’s own body, the role of the media in the decision-making process, and treatment plans for changing one’s appearance in the future. It has been found that the body image perceptions of the patients play an important role in the processing-decision-making processes.. In addition, it has been observed that social media is a channel frequently used by patients for the purpose of obtaining information. The study is important in terms of trying to understand cognitive processes including self-evaluations and body image, their motivations behind intragastric BTA injection, and attitudes toward their bodies. 

Body weight distortions in an auditory-driven body illusion in subclinical and clinical eating disorders

Previous studies suggest a stronger influence of visual signals on body image in individuals with eating disorders (EDs) than healthy controls; however, the influence of other exteroceptive sensory signals remains unclear. Here we used an illusion relying on auditory (exteroceptive) signals to manipulate body size/weight perceptions and investigated whether the mechanisms integrating sensory signals into body image are altered in subclinical and clinical EDs. Participants’ footstep sounds were altered to seem produced by lighter or heavier bodies. Across two experiments, we tested healthy women assigned to three groups based on self-reported Symptomatology of EDs (SED), and women with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), and used self-report, body-visualization, and behavioural (gait) measures. As with visual bodily illusions, we predicted stronger influence of auditory signals, leading to an enhanced body-weight illusion, in people with High-SED and AN. Unexpectedly, High-SED and AN participants displayed a gait typical of heavier bodies and a widest/heaviest visualized body in the ‘light’ footsteps condition. In contrast, Low-SED participants showed these patterns in the ‘heavy’ footsteps condition. Self-reports did not show group differences. The results of this pilot study suggest disturbances in the sensory integration mechanisms, rather than purely visually-driven body distortions, in subclinical/clinical EDs, opening opportunities for the development of novel diagnostic/therapeutic tools.

“My body…tends to betray me sometimes”: a Qualitative Analysis of Affective and Perceptual Body Image in Individuals Living with Endometriosis

BackgroundEndometriosis is a chronic reproductive disease manifesting in physical symptoms including pain, abdominal swelling, altered bowel and bladder function, and fatigue. These symptoms potentially threaten body image regarding subjective perceptions of functional, appearance, and sensory aspects of one’s body. The aim of this study was to qualitatively understand how endometriosis impacts on affective and perceptual aspects of body image.MethodParticipants (N = 40) were recruited through endometriosis consumer organizations. In an online survey, participants completed demographic and health history questions, then provided written narratives about body image–related impacts of their endometriosis in response to open-ended questions. These data were thematically analyzed using the template approach.FindingsThe majority of participants (Mage = 28.3 years) were employed part-time, diagnosed on average for 4.2 years, and reported pelvic pain and bloating, fatigue, and nausea symptoms. Thematic analysis yielded three themes including My Body is a Barrier, Needing to Hide Myself, and Body as Healer and Teacher, all of which reflected affective and perceptual aspects of body image.ConclusionThese findings highlight wide-ranging body image–related impacts of endometriosis, suggesting the need for targeted interventions to address these concerns.

"Losing Faith in My Body": Body Image in Individuals Diagnosed with End-Stage Renal Disease as Reflected in Drawings and Narratives.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the dependency on dialysis is an abrupt life-changing event that harms a patient’s life (e.g., social relationships, work, and well-being). This study aimed to examine how individuals who undergo chronic dialysis due to failure end-stage renal disease perceive their bodies, as reflected in drawings and narratives. Following ethical approval and signing a consent form to participate in the study, 29 adults between the ages of 20 and 85 who have undergone dialysis filled out an anonymous questionnaire that consisted of the following measures: The Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression (CES-D), The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), and The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). After completion, they were asked to draw their self-figure before and after being diagnosed and narrate it. The data were quantitatively and narratively analyzed. The results revealed high levels of depression and concerns regarding body fitness and weight. Few significant differences were noted between self-figured drawings before and after the diagnosis, such as the body line and gender markers. Additionally, Fitness Evaluation and Overweight Preoccupation were significant among the participants.

Predictors of outcome following a body image treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with an eating disorder

BackgroundIt is important to target body image in individuals with an eating disorder (ED). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has been trialed in a few studies for individuals with an ED. Although ACT outcomes in ED patients hold promise, studies of predictors are scarce. The aim of the present study was to explore differences in ED symptom outcome at two-year follow-up in subgroups of participants attending either treatment as usual (TAU), or a group intervention based on ACT targeting body image. Additionally, we aimed to compare subjective recovery experiences between groups.MethodsThe study took place at a specialized ED outpatient clinic, and included patients diagnosed with an ED that had received prior treatment and achieved a somewhat regular eating pattern. Study participants were randomly assigned to continue TAU or to participate in a group intervention based on ACT for body image issues. Only participants that completed the assigned intervention and had completed follow up assessment by two-years were included. The total sample consisted of 77 women.ResultsIn general, ACT participants showed more favorable outcomes compared to TAU, and results were more pronounced in younger participants with shorter prior treatment duration and lower baseline depression ratings. Participants with restrictive ED psychopathology had three times higher ED symptom score change if participating in ACT in comparison to TAU.ConclusionsAn ACT group intervention targeting body image after initial ED treatment may further enhance treatment effects. There is a need for further investigation of patient characteristics that might predict response to body image treatment, particularly regarding ED subtypes and depression ratings.

Effect of aerobic exercise and burst-modulated biphasic pulsed current on glycemic control, central obesity and body image in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe management of diabetes involves the use of pharmacological agents and non-pharmacological interventions with diet adjustment and active exercise at the core of non-pharmacological treatment. Passive exercise in the form of electrical muscle stimulation may also be of therapeutic value in modulating blood glucose via muscle strengthening and fat reduction. The objective of this research is to investigate the impact of treadmill running and burst-modulated biphasic pulsed current individually and in combination on glycaemic control, central obesity and body image in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). MethodsOne hundred and sixty four individuals with T2D will be randomized into one of four groups: three intervention groups (treadmill running, burst-modulated biphasic pulsed current [BMBPC] stimulation, and combined treadmill running with BMBPC stimulation) as well as a control (non-exercise) group. Outcomes including glycaemic control, central obesity, and body image will be assessed at baseline as well as 6th and 12th week of intervention with a follow-up assessment three months after intervention. Data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics after normality tests have been carried out. Alpha probability level will be significance at 0.05. DiscussionsThe study outcome will determine the individual and combined effect of BMBPC and treadmill running on glycaemic control, central obesity, and body image in persons with T2D. Trial RegistrationThe registration number for the trial is PACTR202101600277020.

On Redefining the Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire: A Preliminary Test of Multidimensionality.

The aim of the present study was to examine the Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire (BISQ) as a multidimensional instrument, designed to measure individuals’ body image satisfaction. A sample of 790 Portuguese healthy adults (female = 399; male = 391) aged 18 and 49 years old (M = 28.61, SD = 7.97) completed the BISQ. Exploratory factor analysis of the BISQ provided initial psychometric validity for a five-factor model assessing five dimensions of body image, namely, face, upper torso, lower torso, lower body, and overall body appearance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported this five-correlated model, in which a bifactor model provided the best fit to the data, defining a body image satisfaction factor and five specific factors. The BISQ clearly distinguished between various dimensions of body image satisfaction and showed satisfactory psychometric quality through factor analyses. This measure may have a broad application for research and practice, as a tool for capturing individual body image satisfaction.

COVID-19-Related Stress and Anxiety, Body Mass Index, Eating Disorder Symptomatology, and Body Image in Women from Poland: A Cluster Analysis Approach.

To limit the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), many countries have introduced mandated lockdown or social distancing measures. Although these measures may be successful against COVID-19 transmission, the pandemic and attendant restrictions are a source of chronic and severe stress and anxiety which may contribute to the emergence or worsening of symptoms of eating disorders and the development of negative body image. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to: (1) classify different conditions associated with COVID-19-related stress, COVID-19-related anxiety, and weight status; and (2) analyze and compare the severity of dimensions typically related to eating disorders symptomatology and body image in individuals with different COVID-19-related stress, COVID-19-related anxiety, and weight status. Polish women (N = 671, Mage = 32.50 ± 11.38) completed measures of COVID-19-related stress and anxiety along with body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and bulimia symptomatology subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory, and the appearance evaluation, overweight preoccupation, and body areas satisfaction subscales of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. The following four clusters were identified through cluster analysis: (a) Cluster 1 (N = 269), healthy body weight and low COVID-related stress (M = 3.06) and anxiety (M = 2.96); (b) Cluster 2 (N = 154), healthy body weight and high COVID-related stress (M = 5.43) and anxiety (M = 5.29); (c) Cluster 3 (N = 127), excess body weight and high COVID-related stress (M = 5.23) and anxiety (M = 5.35); (d) Cluster 4 (N = 121), excess body weight and low COVID-related stress (M = 2.69) and anxiety (M = 2.83). Our results showed that Clusters 3 and 4 had significantly greater body dissatisfaction and lower appearance evaluation and body areas satisfaction than Clusters 1 and 2. Cluster 3 also had a significantly higher level of drive for thinness, bulimia, and overweight preoccupation than Clusters 1 and 2. These preliminary findings may mean that the COVID-19 pandemic and attendant anxiety and stress caused by the pandemic are exacerbating symptoms of eating disorders and negative body image, with women with excess weight particularly at risk.

Body appreciation and appearance evaluation in individuals with obesity compared to individuals with normal-weight: findings from a representative German population sample

PurposeBody image has been identified as an important factor in mental health in individuals with obesity. Previous studies have focused on negative body image and research of positive body image—particularly in obesity—is still in its infancy. The current study explored the positive body image facet body appreciation and the negative facet appearance evaluation in different BMI groups as well as men and women.MethodsA total of 1003 participants of the general German public above the age of 18 years completed measures on body appreciation and appearance evaluation.ResultsSignificantly lower body appreciation was observed in male participants with obesity compared to normal-weight participants. In women, the BMI groups did not differ significantly in body appreciation. BMI was negatively associated with appearance evaluation in both genders. While men and women did not differ in body appreciation, men reported lower appearance evaluation scores compared to women.ConclusionThe present study is one of few that investigated positive body image in individuals with obesity compared to individuals with normal weight. The findings underscore the potential of body appreciation as a resource in treatment of body image concerns in individuals with obesity. Further implications for future research are discussed.Level of evidenceIII, case–control analytic study.

Body Image in Patients with Marfan Syndrome.

This study aimed to assess body image impairments of individuals with Marfan syndrome and to determine to what extent psychological, physical, and sociodemographic factors influence body image. We assessed the physical fitness and psychosocial health of 42 patients with Marfan syndrome at the beginning of an inpatient rehabilitation program. All participants filled out a body image questionnaire consisting of two scales: (1) Negative Body Evaluation and (2) Vital Body Dynamics. We compared body image data of the study sample with the German representative norming sample and carried out two separate regression analyses in order to determine which variables were associated with the two dimensions of patients’ body image. Body image of individuals with Marfan syndrome appeared to be significantly impaired, with high percentile ranks for Negative Body Evaluation (women = 88, men = 91) and low percentile ranks for Vital Body Dynamics (women = 11, men = 4). Vital Body Dynamics was predicted by age (p = 0.016) and by depression (p < 0.001), and Negative Body Evaluation was predicted by anxiety (p = 0.001). Body image in individuals with Marfan syndrome is not primarily determined by objective measures of fitness or by objective cardiac impairment but by psychological variables like depression and anxiety and by age. This finding can inform treatment and rehabilitation concepts. Accepting Marfan syndrome, including the acceptance of being visually different, may not only demand medical treatment and physical rehabilitation but also psychological treatment for depression and anxiety.

Considering BMI, Body Image and Desired Weight Change for Suitable Obesity Management Options.

With prevalence of obesity increasing worldwide, understanding body image in individuals with excessive weight is important, as unawareness of weight excess can prevent weight loss attempts. We explored the associations among measured and self-reported body mass index (BMI), body image and body satisfaction among Spanish females and males with overweight or obesity, with a special focus in discriminating individuals who are and are not satisfied with their body and wish or not to change their appearance. Just unifying all individuals with excessive weight may lead to uncover or deny different realities and to develop unfitted clinical management options. Updating findings for the Spanish population, we found that most participants correctly estimated their weight, but 3 in 10 underestimated it. Similarly, their body images corresponded to adults with overweight or obesity who desired to be thinner, but in average they reported a perceived body just slightly overweight and a moderate satisfaction with their body. Complementing the existing evidence, BMI and sex-gender interacted for influencing body weight estimation and desired weight change. In addition, three different subgroups were found for desired change of weight and size, depending on their BMI and body satisfaction. Discovering and considering different subjective realities and corporeal experiences among individuals with weight excess will help professionals to develop appropriate therapeutic interventions. Thus, the personal experiences that individuals have with obesity, instead of obesity itself, should be considered for disentangling management efforts.