Individual-based Program Research Articles

Robot-assisted rehabilitation of people with breast cancer developing upper limb lymphedema: protocol of a randomized controlled trial with a 6-month follow‑up

Upper limb lymphedema (ULLy) is an external (and/or internal) manifestation of lymphatic system insufficiency and deranged lymph transport for more than 3 months and frequently affects people as a consequence of breast cancer (BC). ULLy is often underestimated despite diminished motor skills, mood, and cognitive-behavioral complaints negatively condition the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of persons. BC can also metastasize to the jawbone, further impacting on the HRQoL. In time, the implementation of robot-assisted rehabilitation (RR) for neurological diseases has grown to improve HRQoL and pain. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a RR program in the treatment of individuals who develop an ULLy; as a further analysis, the study will assess the effectiveness of the same program in people with jawbone metastases from BC who will also develop ULLy. A randomized, parallel-group superiority-controlled trial will be conducted. 44 participants will be randomly allocated to either the experimental (receiving a RR program) or the control group (regular rehabilitation). Both groups will follow individual-based programs three times a week for 10 weeks. The main outcome measure will be the Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes will be a pain intensity numerical rating scale and the Cranio-Facial Pain Disability Inventory. Evaluations are before and after training and 6 months later. Findings may provide evidence on the effectiveness of a RR program on inducing improvements in the HRQoL and pain of individuals with ULLy due to BC. People with ULLy and jawbone metastases from BC are expected for similar or higher improvements as per the same comparisons above. This trial might contribute towards defining guidelines for good clinical rehabilitation routines and might be used as a basis for health authorities’ endorsements.Trial registration OSF REGISTRIES, osf-registrations-jz7ax-v1. Registered on 26 June 2023.

Effectiveness of multimodal exercises integrated with cognitive-behavioral therapy in working patients with chronic neck pain: protocol of a randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up

BackgroundThe etiology of neck pain is multifactorial and includes personal and work-related factors such as age, sex, wrong postures, and repeated strains. Studies based on bio-psychosocial model also link chronic neck pain to psychological factors. Over time, the use of multidisciplinary interventions for chronic neck pain has grown in order to improve disability, pain, and adaptive cognitions and behaviors towards patients’ problems. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of an individual-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation program that integrates cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on kinesiophobia with specific exercises in the treatment of patients with chronic neck pain, employed in different working activities.MethodsA randomized, parallel-group superiority-controlled trial will be conducted with 1-year follow-up. One hundred seventy patients engaged in several working activities (blue collar and white collar workers) will be randomly allocated to either the experimental (receiving a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program combining multimodal exercises with psychologist-lead cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions) or the control group (receiving general care physiotherapy). Both groups will follow individual-based programs once a week for 10 weeks. The main outcome measures will be the Neck Disability Index, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, a pain numerical rating scale, the Short-Form Health Survey, and the Work Ability Index. Participants will be evaluated before, after training, and after 12 months.DiscussionFindings may provide empirical evidence on the effectiveness of an individual-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation program on inducing clinically significant and long-term improvements in the disability, pain, psychological factors, and quality of life of workers with chronic neck pain and that these would be maintained in the long term. Hence, this trial might contribute towards refining guidelines for good clinical practice and might be used as a basis for health authorities’ recommendations.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04768790. Registered on 24 February 2021

INOVASI KURIKULUM DALAM DIMENSI TAHAPAN PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM

This paper contains a presentation about the curriculum in the development of Islamic religious education. The curriculum becomes very important in educational institutions because the curriculum is the "heart" of education. The curriculum is a set of tools to achieve goals, starting from planning, starting from initial planning, to planning, such as; strategic planning program planning, such as; Individual-based programs, module-based programs, competency-based or entrepreneurial-based programs. In the dimensions of Islamic religious education curriculum development, there are several matters such as theological foundation, philosophical foundation, social foundation, foundation of wisdom and foundation of Pancasila and technology foundation. While the principles in the development of the PAI curriculum are the principles of relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability, approval and integration. Based on the concepts of educational curriculum development and curriculum development, the curriculum development after observing the characteristics of the Islamic education curriculum are the basis of curriculum development, the principles of curriculum development, then it must be in accordance with what will be done in curriculum development; Whether discussing fields of study, discussing between participants, discussing reconstructionism, discussing humanism, or accessing national development.

A REVIEW OF STUDIES ON MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMMES TARGETING YOUNG ADULTS (18–24) IN EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS IN EUROPE

A review of studies on mental health programmes targeting young adults (18–24) in educational settings in Europe As students’ mental health and wellbeing are receiving increasing attention within educational institutions, this article presents a review of existing knowledge regarding the effectiveness of mental health and wellbeing programmes targeting young adults within educational settings in Europe. A literature search was conducted, and nine studies were found that matched the selection criteria. Programmes were analysed in terms of their characteristics, participant characteristics and study characteristics. All studies showed that such programmes have a small to moderate effect on at least some aspects of the students’ wellbeing that were targeted. Implications for both practice and research include: involving end users in the programme development stage; taking into account the drop-out rates of students participating in a programme; considering carefully whether a group-based or individual-based programme is best; and focusing on the importance of embedding a programme in the respective organization. More research is needed to verify the findings and to further determine what makes a programme effective.

DESIGN OF ADMINISTRATIVE COMPETENCES OF THE HEAD OF THE PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION

Introduction: the current trends of development of preschool education connected with definition of compliance of real results of activity of the preschool educational organization to requirements of FGOS TO initiate development of the effective quality system of preschool education as key direction it modernization. Materials and methods: the methodology of article is based on theoretical studying of a problem of quality of preschool education. The research is conducted on the basis of the methods of the analysis and generalization which allowed to select key provisions of the studied problem and to offer the complex of administrative competences of the head of the preschool educational organization providing creation of a quality management system. Results: disclosing psychology and pedagogical characteristics of the concept "quality of preschool education" authors emphasize that this category is investigated in terms of the actual compliance of conditions, the organization, ways of estimation of properties and results of education, educational and educational process to necessary requirements of the standard. Development of model criteria for evaluation of quality of preschool education remains the debatable problem demanding the further development in the conditions of variability. The dynamism of characteristics of quality of preschool education causes construction and development of a quality management system in the conditions of the preschool educational organization. Development and deployment of a similar system places great demands on administrative competence of the head which is considered by authors as a complex of valuable and motivational, analitiko-design, organizational and performing, communication and activity, reflexive and estimated competences. Components and indicators of achievement of the offered competences are allocated. The innovative component of administrative activity and development of the individual-based program of increase in level of administrative competences are considered by significant conditions of design of development of administrative competences of the head of the preschool educational organization. Discussion and Conclusions: the considered theoretical provisions characterizing problems and the prospects of improvement of quality of preschool education supplement a technique of preschool education as initial step of a system of continuous education of the personality. The prospect of further researches assumes design of a quality management system of the preschool educational organization on the basis of the actual level of formation of administrative competences of the head and individual trajectories of their improvement.

From Awareness to Adverse Selection: Intra-Household Allocations of Health Insurance in Nigeria

Micro health insurance is often family-based out of fear for adverse selection within households. This paper tests whether this concern is warranted, building on a unique insurance scheme in which households can opt to enroll individual family members instead of their entire family. The resulting variation in enrollment is used to test whether initial health affects who within the family is later enrolled in insurance. I show that first-time enrollment is subject to adverse selection on self-reported health, but a partnering health facility with incentives to attract a healthy risk pool fully eliminates such selective enrollment. By contrast, health measurements determine renewal but not first-time enrollment, consistent with the hypothesis that insurance coverage improves awareness of future health risks, exacerbating adverse selection over time. These findings imply that adverse selection poses a threat to individual-based program sustainability only via selective renewal.

Evaluating sample allocation and effort in detecting population differentiation for discrete and continuously distributed individuals

One of the most pressing issues in spatial genetics concerns sampling. Traditionally, substructure and gene flow are estimated for individuals sampled within discrete populations. Because many species may be con- tinuously distributed across a landscape without discrete boundaries, understanding sampling issues becomes para- mount. Given large-scale, geographically broad conserva- tion efforts, researchers are looking for guidance as to the trade-offs between sampling more individuals within a population versus few individuals scattered across more populations. Here, we conducted simulations that address these issues. We first established two archetypical patterns of dispersion: (1) individuals within discrete populations, and (2) continuously distributed individuals with limited dispersal. We used genotypes generated from a spatially- explicit, individual-based program and simulated genetic structure in individuals from nine different population sizes across a landscape that either had barriers to movement (defining discrete populations) or isolation-by-distance patterns (defining continuously distributed individuals). Then, given each pattern of dispersion, we allocated sam- ples across four different sampling strategies for each of the nine population sizes in various configurations for sampling more individuals within a population versus fewer individuals scattered across more populations. We assessed the population genetic substructure with both the population-based metric, FST, and an individual-based metric, DPS regardless of the true pattern of dispersion to allow us to better understand the effect of incorrectly matching the metric and the distribution (e.g., FST with continuously distributed individuals, and vice versa). We show that sampling many subpopulations (or sampling areas), thus sampling fewer individuals per subpopulation, overestimates measures of population subdivision with the population-based metric for both patterns of dispersion. In contrast, using the individual-based metric gives the opposite results: sampling too few subpopulations, and many individuals per subpopulation, produces an under- estimate of the strength of isolation-by-distance. By com- paring all results, we were able to suggest a strong predictive model of a chosen genetic structure metric for elucidating the sampling design trade-offs given each pat- tern of dispersion and configuration on the landscape.

Sample design effects in landscape genetics

An important research gap in landscape genetics is the impact of different field sampling designs on the ability to detect the effects of landscape pattern on gene flow. We evaluated how five different sampling regimes (random, linear, systematic, cluster, and single study site) affected the probability of correctly identifying the generating landscape process of population structure. Sampling regimes were chosen to represent a suite of designs common in field studies. We used genetic data generated from a spatially-explicit, individual-based program and simulated gene flow in a continuous population across a landscape with gradual spatial changes in resistance to movement. Additionally, we evaluated the sampling regimes using realistic and obtainable number of loci (10 and 20), number of alleles per locus (5 and 10), number of individuals sampled (10–300), and generational time after the landscape was introduced (20 and 400). For a simulated continuously distributed species, we found that random, linear, and systematic sampling regimes performed well with high sample sizes (>200), levels of polymorphism (10 alleles per locus), and number of molecular markers (20). The cluster and single study site sampling regimes were not able to correctly identify the generating process under any conditions and thus, are not advisable strategies for scenarios similar to our simulations. Our research emphasizes the importance of sampling data at ecologically appropriate spatial and temporal scales and suggests careful consideration for sampling near landscape components that are likely to most influence the genetic structure of the species. In addition, simulating sampling designs a priori could help guide filed data collection efforts

PROTOCOL: Family Behavior Therapy (FBT) for young people in treatment for non‐opioid drug use

PROTOCOL: Family Behavior Therapy (FBT) for young people in treatment for non‐opioid drug use

Workplace Interventions to Reduce Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk

The worksite is ideal for implementing interventions to reduce obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Although worksite health promotion is not new, employer-sponsored wellness programs have become more widespread due to the rising prevalence and high cost of obesity. Over the past two decades, employers and researchers focused efforts on individual-based programs to change employees' nutrition and exercise behaviors, but more recently, the worksite environment has been targeted. Overall, there is good evidence that individual-based worksite programs can produce modest weight loss, but the evidence for effects on other risk factors and on long-term health outcomes and costs is inconsistent. There is less evidence for the benefit of environmental-based interventions, and more data will be needed to establish conclusions about the benefits of these types of interventions. A major challenge for employers and researchers in the future will be to find the balance between effectiveness and economic viability of worksite wellness programs.

QuantiNemo: an individual-based program to simulate quantitative traits with explicit genetic architecture in a dynamic metapopulation

quantiNemo is an individual-based, genetically explicit stochastic simulation program. It was developed to investigate the effects of selection, mutation, recombination and drift on quantitative traits with varying architectures in structured populations connected by migration and located in a heterogeneous habitat. quantiNemo is highly flexible at various levels: population, selection, trait(s) architecture, genetic map for QTL and/or markers, environment, demography, mating system, etc. quantiNemo is coded in C++ using an object-oriented approach and runs on any computer platform. Executables for several platforms, user's manual, and source code are freely available under the GNU General Public License at http://www2.unil.ch/popgen/softwares/quantinemo.

Review of Food Science Research in Korea with a Special Emphasis on Funding by Korea Science & Engineering Foundation (KOSEF)

This study evaluated trends in research funding and the present status of food science in Korea with a special emphasis on funding by Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF). The proportion of research funds allocated to food science has increased every year in agricultural science. The numbers of group-based programs of KOSEF have been increasing since 1980’ and the ratio of individual-based programs decreased in this field. Researchers in the food science field ranges from 46 to 50 years of age, with a mean age of 47. Mid- to long-term research master plans will be required to encourage food science research in Korea.

한국과학재단의 동물자원과학 분야의 기초연구지원 추이분석을 통한 연구활동지원 활성화 제언

This research was conducted to make suggestions for the promotion of research activities in the field of animal resources sciences, and we evaluated the research funding trend and the present status of research funding offered by KOSEF in this field. Comparative portion of the number of research projects and grants in this field to other fields has a tendency to be decreased year by year except recent few years. Researchers in this field have received more research funding from the group-based program than from the individual-based program. Also, they have received less money(per project) than did researchers in the fields of general agricultural sciences and other science and technology. Researchers in this field ranges from 43 to 51 years of age and showed 48 years of average age. It was found that researchers who has been funded in the field of animal resources sciences have showed tendency of publication of more articles to SCI journals in recent 5 years. The strong points of the animal resources of agricultural sciences field in South Korea include: lots of researchers, the establishment of research infra-structure, the excellence in research competitiveness and technology level. However, its weaknesses are: a lack of leadership in relevant societies and institutes, a predicted shortfall of researchers in the next generation and insufficient research productivity. The opportunities include: increasing the importance of the biotechnology industry, activating international cooperation researches and exploring the multitude of possible research areas to be studied. However, some concerns still exist, such as threats from developed countries for the government to open the agricultural market, the reduction of the number of full-time farms and intensification of needs for economic and social effects. The diverse actions and systems based upon the strongpoint, weakness, opportunity and threats above-mentioned are required to encourage research activities in the field of animal resources of agricultural sciences in Korea In addition, researchers in this fields would make an effort to keep pace with international society as well as domestic demands.

한국과학재단의 생명과학분야 기초연구지원 추이분석을 통한 연구활동지원 활성화 제언

본 연구에서는 생명과학분야의 연구활동 활성화에 기여코자 생명과학 분야의 연구비 지원 추이와 현황을 파악하여 생명과학분야 연구활동 활성화를 위한 방향을 제시하고자 과학재단 연구비 수혜자를 중심으로 자료를 분석하였다. 생명과학 분야에서는 개인단위보다는 집단 및 그룹단위 형태의 연구에 더 많은 연구비가 투자되고 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 생명과학 분야의 단위과제당 연구비 수준은 전체 이공계의 연구비 수준에 비교해서 상대적으로 약간 낮은 수준<TEX>$(2003년,\;88.0\%)$</TEX>이었다. 각 세부분야별로 연구비지원액 및 지원과 제수를 기준으로 살펴볼 때, 기초의약학 분야의 약진이 두드러진 반면에 농수산 및 생물분야는 감소추세인 것으로 나타났다. 생명과학 분야의 연구활동 활성화를 위해서는 중 <TEX>$\cdot$</TEX>장기 연구전략계획 수립, 생명과학전문인력 DB구축과 타 분야 연구진 또는 생명과학 세부분야간의 연계 활용, 전략적 연구지원 분야의 도출 및 절정 연구지원단가 산출, 생명과학 기초연구 특별프로그램 개발, 학회 내 정책기획 분과 신설, 평가문화의 개선 및 생명과학 연구활동의 계량적 성과 지표 개발 등에 따르는 본 분야의 연구지원을 위한 시스템의 구축과 활용이 필요하다. This research was conducted to make suggestions for the promotion of research activities in the Life Sciences field, and we evaluated the research funding trend and the present status of research funding offered by KOSEF in this field. Researchers in this field have received more research funding from the group-based programme than from the individual-based programme. Also, they have received less money (per project) than did researchers in other Science and Technology fields. The portion of research funds given to the Medical Sciences fields has markedly increased year by year, whereas the portion of funding given to the Agricultural Sciences and Biological Sciences fields has decreased annually. To encourage research activities in the Life Sciences field in Korea, the following actions and systems are required: 1) formulation of a mid-and a long-term research master plan, 2) development of a database on man power in related fields, 3) activation of top-down research topics, and associated increase of individual research grants, 4) development of special national programs for basic researches in Life Sciences, 5) organization of a committee for policy and planning within related societies, and 6) system development for fair evaluation of the results of research activities.

The Medical Science Research and Development Supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation

This study examined ways of promoting research in the medical sciences by evaluating trends in research funding, and the present status of research funding by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF). This study analyzed statistics from KOSEF from 1978 to 2003 to examine support for research. In medical science field, group-based programs receive more funding than do individual-based programs. The proportion of research funds allocated to the medical sciences has increased markedly each year. Researchers in the medical sciences have submitted more articles to Science Citation Index (SCI) journals than to non-SCI journals, relative to other fields. Researchers supported by the Mission-Oriented Basic Grants program have published the majority of these papers, followed by those supported by the Programs for Leading Scientists, Regional Scientists, Leading Women Scientists, Young Scientists, and Promising Women Scientists, in that order. Funding by KOSEF reflects many decades of government support for research and development, the development and maintenance of necessary infrastructure, and the education and training of medical scientists.

Body-image perceptions: reliability of a BMI-based Silhouette Matching Test.

To assess the reliability of a BMI-based Silhouette Matching Test (BMI-SMT). The perceptions of ideal and current body images of 215 ninth through twelfth graders' were assessed at 5 different schools within a mid-Atlantic state public school system. Findings provided quantifiable data and discriminating measurements of community and population-based body image perceptions. The BMI-SMT technique provided reliable information to help community and individual-based programs track and measure body-image perception data among individuals and populations.