Individual Adaptation Strategies Research Articles

Heterogeneously Networked Evolutionary Games With Intergroup Conflicts.

Network games primarily explore the intricacies of individual interactions and adaptive strategies within a network. Building upon this framework, the present study delves into the modeling, analysis, and control of heterogeneously networked evolutionary games with intergroup conflict (HNEG-IC), where attacking players possess area-monitoring capabilities with limited attacking power. To begin with, a mathematical model is introduced to capture intragroup strategy dynamics and intergroup conflicts of HNEGs-IC via the algebraic state space representation (ASSR). A necessary and sufficient condition for achieving global cooperation of HNEGs-IC is established. Then, a criterion for verifying the κ -cooperation below a certain mortality is presented. Considering the HNEGs-IC with strategy feedback control, it is proven that the feedback control, subject to global cooperation, is robust to conflicts when the intersection of the strategy threshold set and the reachable set of the preset initial strategy profiles is empty. Finally, for verification and demonstration, the obtained results are applied to a simplified virtual game model of the NATO and the Warsaw Pact.

Aspirations versus adaptive achievements in the face of climate change in Sri Lanka

This research explores the linkages between threat perception and adaptive behaviour in the face of climate change in Galle, Sri Lanka. We use an analytical framework to analyse the complexity of aspiration versus adaptive practices, centring around the synthesis of threat perception, vulnerability, adaptive capacity and livelihood resilience. Our findings reveal that individual threat perception incentivises climate adaptation strategies, bolstering livelihood resilience. However, unfavourable societal circumstances affecting the participants significantly impede the implementation of these resilience strategies. In addition to a knowledge gap and lack of climate change awareness in popular discourse, we observe a conspicuous discrepancy between individual aspirations and adaptive capacity with the ongoing economic crisis and the need for governmental climate legislation at the time of research. This research, therefore, emphasises a nuanced approach to researching climate change adaptation, considering the gravity of societal circumstances that delimit how individuals can engage in livelihood resilience strategies.

How to assess the needs of vulnerable population groups towards heat-sensitive routing?

Heat poses a significant risk to human health, particularly for vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women, older individuals, young children and people with pre-existing medical conditions. In view of this, we formulated a heat stress-avoidant routing approach in Heidelberg, Germany, to ensure mobility and support day-to-day activities in urban areas during heat events. Although the primary focus is on pedestrians, it is also applicable to cyclists. To obtain a nuanced understanding of the needs and demands of the wider population, especially vulnerable groups, and to address the challenge of reducing urban heat stress, we used an inter- and transdisciplinary approach. The needs of vulnerable groups, the public, and the city administration were identified through participatory methods and various tools, including interactive city walks. Solution approaches and adaptation measures to prevent heat stress were evaluated and integrated into the development of a heat-avoiding route service through a co-design process. The findings comprise the identification of perceived hotspots for heat (such as large public spaces in the city centre with low shading levels), the determination of commonly reported symptoms resulting from severe heat (e.g., fatigue or lack of concentration), and the assessment of heat adaptation measures that were rated positively, including remaining in the shade and delaying errands. Additionally, we analysed and distinguished between individual and community adaptation strategies. Overall, many respondents did not accurately perceive the risk of heat stress in hot weather, despite severe limitations. As a result, the heat-sensitive routing service (available in prototype form during publication) that has been created serves as a readily available and accessible source of assistance to combat the effects of heat stress in individuals' daily lives during periods of intense heat. The findings served as input for the calibration of heat stress-avoidant routing and supported the development of local heat protection plans without investing in large-scale adaptation of the built environment. It is crucial to involve the population, particularly vulnerable groups, in the development of the tool to ensure it meets their needs. This study employed a transdisciplinary multi-method approach, which considers practical framework conditions by involving the city administration.

Using Genetic Programming to Build Self-Adaptivity into Software-Defined Networks

Self-adaptation solutions need to periodically monitor, reason about, and adapt a running system. The adaptation step involves generating an adaptation strategy and applying it to the running system whenever an anomaly arises. In this article, we argue that rather than generating individual adaptation strategies, the goal should be to adapt the control logic of the running system in such a way that the system itself would learn how to steer clear of future anomalies, without triggering self-adaptation too frequently. Although the need for adaptation is never eliminated, especially noting the uncertain and evolving environment of complex systems, reducing the frequency of adaptation interventions is advantageous for various reasons, such as to increase performance and to make a running system more robust. We instantiate and empirically examine the preceding idea for software-defined networking—a key enabling technology for modern data centers and Internet of Things applications. Using genetic programming (GP), we propose a self-adaptation solution that continuously learns and updates the control constructs in the data-forwarding logic of a software-defined network. Our evaluation, performed using open source synthetic and industrial data, indicates that compared to a baseline adaptation technique that attempts to generate individual adaptations, our GP-based approach is more effective in resolving network congestion, and further, it reduces the frequency of adaptation interventions over time. In addition, we show that for networks with the same topology, reusing over larger networks the knowledge that is learned on smaller networks leads to significant improvements in the performance of our GP-based adaptation approach. Finally, we compare our approach against a standard data-forwarding algorithm from the network literature, demonstrating that our approach significantly reduces packet loss.

Disembedding and re-embedding: the online interaction mechanisms of divorced youth in China.

In recent years, China's divorce rates have remained high, especially in metropolitan areas such as Beijing and Shanghai, where rates reach up to 40%. Additionally, there has been a notable shift towards younger demographics in divorce cases. In a society that highly values marital harmony, divorce is often seen as a cultural transgression. Anthony Giddens' theory of disembedding and re-embedding provides a useful framework for understanding these changes. This study addresses a gap in literature by focusing on the online social interactions of divorced Chinese youth, exploring their use of dating apps for emotional support and social reconnections. This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with 19 divorced young adults in China who engaged with dating apps such as Momo, Tantan, and Soul. Participants were recruited via Douban and Xiaohongshu. The interviews, conducted through WeChat voice calls and Tencent Meetings, lasted 45-70 minutes each. Data was analyzed using Nvivo12 to understand the disembedding and re-embedding processes in their online interactions, exploring themes such as motivations, self-presentation, and the transition from online to offline engagements. The findings reveal that these individuals face societal challenges, biases, and the residual effects of past marriages, leading them to seek refuge in online environments to avoid stigmatization. In digital spaces, they cautiously engage, revealing a lack of confidence through selective self-disclosure. Their goals range from forming same-sex and opposite-sex friendships to seeking new romantic relationships, indicating a nuanced approach to remarriage and challenging stereotypes of dating app users. Re-engaging online, they discover social support and a sense of community, which aids in regaining confidence post-divorce, underscoring the complex interplay between societal influences and individual adaptation strategies in the digital age. The study highlights the unique challenges faced by this demographic, including maintaining anonymity and dealing with societal prejudices. Future research should consider a broader age range and gender differences to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the online behaviors and experiences of divorced individuals.

Assessment of Climate Risks, Vulnerability of Urban Health Systems, and Individual Adaptation Strategies in the City of N’Djaména (Chad)

Climate variability and change are already having a negative impact on the health of tens of millions of Africans through exposure to sub-optimal temperatures and extreme weather conditions as well as increasing the range and transmission of infectious diseases. This study aims to identify climate risks and the vulnerability of health systems as well as individual coping strategies in the city of N’Djaména. To achieve this, we adopted a methodology combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Meteorological data on wind, temperature, and rainfall were collected at daily and monthly intervals from the National Meteorological Agency in N’Djaména. Qualitative data were collected via focus group discussions with targets of the city’s health system and quantitative data were collected from the population on the basis of oriented questionnaires. The results show that rising temperatures with heat waves, regular flooding, and strong winds are the major climate risks identified. These have numerous impacts and effects on the city’s health system due to the following vulnerability factors most recognized by city dwellers: insufficient medical equipment in health facilities (IEME), the fragile nature of people’s physiological state in the face of climatic risks (CFEP), and the failure of city sanitation strategies and policies (DSPA). This study proposes a set of recommendations for transformational adaptation of the healthcare sector, which remains vulnerable to climate risks.

A data mining approach for determining biomechanical adaptations in runners who experienced and recovered from patellofemoral pain syndrome

ABSTRACT Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common musculoskeletal pain disorder experienced by runners. While biomechanics of those with PFP have been extensively studied, methodological considerations may omit important adaptations exhibited by those experiencing and recovered from pain. Instead of a priori selection of discrete biomechanical variables, a data mining approach was leveraged to account for the high dimensionality of running gait data. Biomechanical data of runners symptomatic for, recovered from, and who had never experienced PFP were collected at the 1st (M1) and 21st (M21) minutes of a treadmill run. Principal component analysis and a logistic regression model were used to classify healthy and symptomatic runners, and a feature ranking process determined the important features. The M1 model achieved an accuracy of 82.76% with features related to knee flexion angle, hip abduction moment and gluteus maximus activation, while the M21 model required an additional nine features to achieve an accuracy of 79.31%. Data for recovered runners were projected onto the models, resulting in five and seven out of twelve symptomatic classifications at M1 and M21, respectively. Following the onset of pain, a greater number of features were required to classify runners with PFP, suggesting they may experience individual pain adaptation strategies.

Pathways from climate change to emotional wellbeing: A qualitative study of Kenyan smallholder farmers living with HIV.

Climate change is associated with adverse mental and emotional health outcomes. Social and economic factors are well-known drivers of mental health, yet comparatively few studies examine the social and economic pathways through which climate change affects mental health. There is additionally a lack of research on climate change and mental health in sub-Saharan Africa. This qualitative study aimed to identify potential social and economic pathways through which climate change impacts mental and emotional wellbeing, focusing on a vulnerable population of Kenyan smallholder farmers living with HIV. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with forty participants to explore their experience of climate change. We used a thematic analytical approach. We find that among our study population of Kenyan smallholder farmers living with HIV, climate change is significantly affecting mental and emotional wellbeing. Respondents universally report some level of climate impact on emotional health including high degrees of stress; fear and concern about the future; and sadness, worry, and anxiety from losing one's home, farm, occupation, or ability to support their family. Climate-related economic insecurity is a main driver of emotional distress. Widespread economic insecurity disrupts systems of communal and family support, which is an additional driver of worsening mental and emotional health. Our study finds that individual adaptive strategies used by farmers in the face of economic and social volatility can deepen economic insecurity and are likely insufficient to protect mental health. Finally, we find that agricultural policies can worsen economic insecurity and other mental health risk factors. Our proposed conceptual model of economic and social pathways relevant for mental health can inform future studies of vulnerable populations and inform health system and policy responses to protect health in a changing climate.

Lonely, isolated, self-excluded? What is the reason for the absence of male seniors in cultural institutions?

The aim of this article is to present the determinants of the limited presence of senior men in cultural institutions in Poland. The text characterises the context in which older men undertake institutional cultural activity and identifies the main reasons why the scale of their cultural participation is low. The fundamental factors that differentiate the nature of cultural participation are gender, the resulting behavioural patterns and individual adaptation strategies. These themes are analysed in the context of the barriers and problems experienced by male seniors, and the risks of social exclusion within this group are highlighted.

Teaching about Climate-Efficient Buildings in the Context of Geographic Education for Sustainability

The climate is changing worldwide and, with it, living conditions are changing to varying degrees. As a result, students need to be equipped with a wide range of competences in order to deal with the problems of climate change. In order to successfully acquire these competences, different methods are used in lesson planning. Therefore, in order to achieve the goal of raising awareness in Education for Sustainable Development, large-scale methodological learning form of the proposed model experiment will be used. For this purpose, it is necessary to first develop scientific knowledge about climate change and then present individual climate adaptation strategies using the example of climate-efficient buildings. The structure of the topic is grasped, and the didactically reduced core contents of the subject-specific scientific basics represent the specialist knowledge to be conveyed. This is followed by the construction of a self-designed model that is optimally adapted to the teaching of the subject knowledge. The subsequent series of measurements serves to evaluate the suitability of the model for the intended purpose of achieving a successful learning process under the aspects of quality criteria and practicability. The proposed model experiment has been found to be suitable and worthwhile for this purpose.

An Agent-Based Model for Land-Use Change Adaptation Strategies in the Context of Climate Change and Land Subsidence in the Mekong Delta

The Mekong Delta region has been seriously affected by climate change, with increasing temperatures, sea-level rise, and salinization strongly impacting agricultural activities of the region. Recent studies have shown that groundwater exploitation also contributes significantly to land subsidence throughout the delta. Thus, combating climate change now makes it necessary to design strategies and policies for adapting to and mitigating climate change and subsidence, not only at the individual level (mainly farmers), but also at the institutional level (province and region). This study aims to build an integrated model for the purpose of exploring the socio-economic impact of adaptation strategies provinces choose under various climate and economic scenarios. The LUCAS–GEMMES model (an agent-based model for strategies for adapting to land-use change in the context of climate change) was developed in order to evaluate socio-economic factors, climate, and water use by farmers, as well as the subsidence dynamics and macroeconomic trends in land-use selection strategies. The simulations are carried out according to four main scenarios: (i) lack of provincial adaptation strategies and absence of subsidence dynamics, (ii) lack of adaptation strategies though subsidence and the impact of land-use production benefits, (iii) purely individual adaptation strategies combined with the impact of subsidence, and (iv) provincial and individual-scale adaptation combined with the impact of subsidence. In all the scenarios that consider subsidence, our results show that early response decisions to even low-level subsidence lead to many positive outcomes in water resource management, such as a significant reduction in water-use in the dry season and a reduction in the area vulnerable to subsidence and climate change. However, the same results also indicate a possible decrease in farmers’ income due to reduced agricultural seasons and restricted land-use transformation, which demonstrates the importance of modeling the multi-sectoral aspects of adaptation. Finally, at a more general level, in the fourth scenario, the model clearly shows the benefits when provinces located in the same agro-ecological zone harmonize strategies, thus paving the way for defining integrated land-use policies at the regional level.

Rebuilding rural community cooperative institutions and their role in herder adaptation to climate change

ABSTRACT Many studies have emphasized the importance of community-based natural resource management institutions in adapting to climate change and responding to the global shift towards individualized land tenure regimes. However, few have reported on the innovative institutions developed by some rural communities to rebuild community cooperation and rural adaptive capacity. This paper draws on four comparative cases from the Tibetan Plateau to assess how locally developed community cooperative institutions mediate herders’ access to markets and resources to foster adaptive capacity and adaptation in response to snow-related catastrophes. Results demonstrate that community cooperative institutions are more effective in improving adaptive capacity than the market-based adaptation strategies that are the predetermined outcome of individualized tenure regimes. When such cooperative institutions exist, community members are able to apply both household and community collective adaptation strategies, resulting in better livelihood outcomes. Community cooperative institutions effectively address individual needs and priorities by clarifying entitlements and market-based networks. They rebuild community collective action and cooperative business entities that improve herders’ ability to access resources and markets more equally by distributing benefits to all community members. This study concludes that following the establishment of individualized land tenure regimes, rebuilding community cooperation necessitates hybridization of property rights arrangements, reformed institutions, and social networks operating across levels of governance to facilitate interdependent interactions between collective and individual adaptation strategies. Such community cooperation offers new opportunities for improving adaptive capacity in pastoral regions and elsewhere.

Reflections on measuring the soundness of the digital storytelling method applied to three Cape Flats vulnerable communities affected by drought, fire and flooding in Cape Town

Aligned to the Sendai framework, the UKRI GCRF Water and Fire research project aims to co-produce knowledge with residents of three vulnerable communities in the Cape Flats area of Cape Town to generate adaptive solutions that strengthen resilience against the environmental disasters of drought, flooding and fire outbreaks. To achieve this aim, the research team employed household surveys and participatory visual methods including digital storytelling (DST), community mapping and photovoice with residents of three affected communities. This paper focuses on validating the DST method used in the ‘Water and Fire’ project and interrogates how well the DST process conforms to six types of validity, namely, participatory, intersubjectivity, catalytic, contextual, ethical and empathic validity as guided by the International Collaboration for Participatory Health Research (ICPHR). Twenty-five digital stories on the overarching theme of resilience were produced by 25 Cape Flats residents.We suggest that participatory validity was achieved through participants making decisions about the stories and details they wanted to share. Intersubjective validity was fostered by involving community advisory members in DST process design, through co-conceptualizing resilience with participants and by evaluating the DST experience. Catalytic validity was achieved when participants screened their digital stories in shared learning spaces to convey how they respond to and live with disasters at numerous community and policy engagement events. Contextual validity was met by exploring relevant environmental disasters affecting the Cape Flats communities. Ethical validity was attained by creating safe and supportive spaces, enabling dynamic informed consent and transferring ownership of the digital stories to the story tellers. Connecting participants through collective sharing of individual disaster experiences, lessons-learned and adaptive strategies fostered empathy.We recommend complementing DST methods with other research methods like surveys, and focus group discussions, while evaluating the transformative potential of the DST process and stakeholder engagement events, to enable better catalytic validity. We advocate for collaborative and inclusive approaches with vulnerable communities alongside stakeholders and statutory bodies in multi-stakeholder engagement events. We conclude that digital stories are an effective and valid conduit for knowledge co-production with vulnerable communities in the context of climate change resilience as these methods create opportunities for affected communities to raise their concerns and share their experiences.

The influence of socioeconomic factors on individual and household adaptation strategies to climate change risks in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Increasing temperatures and sea levels, changing precipitation patterns and more extreme weather pose severe threats for vulnerable communities, ecosystems, and livelihoods in cities of developing countries. Realizing these threats has heightened scholarly inquiry on future risk trends of climate change and adaptation strategies in the countries of Global South and North. However, most studies are based on data of North America, Europe, and Asia. There is minimal documentation of adaptation strategies to mitigate the risk of extreme weather in cities of Sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, this study addresses this need by examining the factors influencing individual and household adaptation strategies to climate risk in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria. Data was collected from 384 randomly selected household heads in different residential densities of the city. Household socioeconomic and demographic attributes, awareness of climate change and factors influencing their adaptation strategies to climate risk were assessed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study showed that adaptation strategies adopted were reactive rather than anticipatory and varied in magnitude according to the different residential densities. Recommendations emanating from the study include integrating and implementing climate change adaptation policies and embarking on a rigorous awareness campaign to ease households’ vulnerability and augment their climate change absorptive, adaptive, and transformative abilities in the city.

Changement climatique et stratégies d'adaptation de l’agriculture oasienne : cas des Oasis littorale de Gabès, Sud-Est Tunisien

L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser la perception du changement climatique et les stratégies d’adaptation individuelles dans les oasis littorales de Gabès, sud-est Tunisien. Trois groupes des stratégies autonome et réactive sont distinguées. La première stratégie est qualifiée d’adaptative ou de défensive (S1) et la deuxième est qualifiée d’offensive ou de « chasse » d’eau (S2 et S3). La première stratégie (S1) vise à adapter les systèmes de production à l’eau disponible sur l’exploitation compte-tenu des puits et forages existants. Ceci se fait, soit, par une réduction de la superficie irriguée, par l’irrigation la nuit, par l’introduction des nouvelles cultures moins exigeantes en eau et/ou qui tolère plus de la salinité, ou semer tôt pour bénéficier plus des pluies. La deuxième stratégie (S2) correspond à la diversification des sources d’approvisionnement en eau d’irrigation sur l’exploitation, soit, par le recours à l’approfondissement des puits/forages déjà existant ou bien par le curage des nouveaux ouvrages sur l’exploitation. La dernière stratégie (S3) correspond à l’amenée de l’eau de l’extérieur vers l’exploitation agricole, et la location de parcelles dans des zones riches en eau souterraine douce. L’analyse et la compréhension de différentes stratégies pourraient orienter les politiques publiques et améliorer efficacement la résilience des agriculteurs aux changements climatiques en zones arides

Кыргызская молодежь в московской агломерации: адаптационные стратегии

The scientific article, based on the basic ideas of sociological theories about the adaptation of a person to a changing socio-cultural environment, raises the problem of building individual and group adaptation strategies by Kyrgyz young migrants upon arrival in the Moscow agglomeration. The semantic field of the studied phenomenon of social adaptation covers such conceptual strategies as accommodation, acculturation, integration. The basic principles of sociological theories in the author’s interpretation of meanings in relation to the phenomenon of adaptation are investigated. The main niches of employment of Kyrgyz migrants in the Moscow region are established, it turns out how the Kyrgyz youth lives on the territory of the host community. Four groups of migrants were recorded according to the level of adaptation. Three types of attitudes of respondents to the acculturation process are identified and interpreted: the strategy of marginalization in Moscow society, the strategy of complementarity, the strategy of assimilation of dominant norms. The conducted research contributes to the further expansion of the explanatory potential of the features of social adaptation of young citizens of Kyrgyzstan, fills the theory of social adaptation of migrants with new methodological content, allows conceptually ensuring the implementation of further empirical studies of the problems of social adaptation of migrants from the EAEU member states in Russia.

Sheep production systems in Chilean Patagonia. Characterization and typology

Sheep production is a common activity in family farms that develop mixed farming in developing countries in South America. In the area known as the Patagonia, it is possible to find this type of farm in isolated areas with a temperate climate, where sheep production takes place in small and medium-sized flocks managed with family labor. In these systems, obtaining animal protein for family consumption and the sale of surpluses is the main objective of farmers. The Chilean Patagonia is an area that stands out for its tourist attractions. This feature has been used at the government level to develop production and commercial linkage and improvement programs. However, the proper application of these programs needs to characterize sheep production systems, define groups, determine similarities and differences among them, and identify individual or joint adaptation strategies. Thus, the objective of this research was to characterize sheep farming in an extreme mountain area in the Chilean Patagonia and provide a typology of sheep production systems, focusing on the socio-productive aspects of family farms. Within the province of Palena, the study area corresponded to the communities of Palena and Futaleufú, where a survey was given to a sample of 172 sheep farmers. Through multivariate analysis methodologies, four groups of sheep production systems were identified. The main differences between systems were farm surface, surface destined for sheep, type, duration, and supplementation strategy and presence of purebred sheep. Sheep production in extreme areas contributes to rural families' livelihood by being part of an integrated system of activities that naturally uses circular economy strategies and sustainable practices. Geographical isolation limits the marketing channels, generating that the surpluses produced are sold locally. Given the government strategies to support the study area and the strong tourist component of governmental assistance, the sheep farmers need to modify their management strategies.

"Stay at Home" in Italy during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Longitudinal Study on Individual Well-Being among Different Age Groups.

The restrictions imposed by the Italian government because of the coronavirus outbreak have been shown to be demanding on the Italian population. Data were collected at four different time points from 29 March 2020 to 3 May 2020 and during the final follow-up survey on 12 October 2020. In the present study, we provided longitudinal evidence on the relationship between the lockdown and mental health dimensions, such as emotional state, perceived stress, and time perspective, for three age groups. The results allowed us to observe their psychological status from different perspectives at five different time points. Notably, a negative effect of the lockdown individual well-beings emerged as a trend, and differences in individual adaptation strategies to a prolonged stressful situation were observed at the follow-up. Indeed, pairwise comparisons between age groups showed that the young adult group (18–23 years old) seemed to be the most psychologically affected by the lockdown. The findings are discussed according to the most recent literature on the topic. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first longitudinal studies carried out in Italy concerning the general psychological effects of the coronavirus lockdown.

Evolving Scheduling Heuristics via Genetic Programming With Feature Selection in Dynamic Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling.

Dynamic flexible job-shop scheduling (DFJSS) is a challenging combinational optimization problem that takes the dynamic environment into account. Genetic programming hyperheuristics (GPHH) have been widely used to evolve scheduling heuristics for job-shop scheduling. A proper selection of the terminal set is a critical factor for the success of GPHH. However, there is a wide range of features that can capture different characteristics of the job-shop state. Moreover, the importance of a feature is unclear from one scenario to another. The irrelevant and redundant features may lead to performance limitations. Feature selection is an important task to select relevant and complementary features. However, little work has considered feature selection in GPHH for DFJSS. In this article, a novel two-stage GPHH framework with feature selection is designed to evolve scheduling heuristics only with the selected features for DFJSS automatically. Meanwhile, individual adaptation strategies are proposed to utilize the information of both the selected features and the investigated individuals during the feature selection process. The results show that the proposed algorithm can successfully achieve more interpretable scheduling heuristics with fewer unique features and smaller sizes. In addition, the proposed algorithm can reach comparable scheduling heuristic quality with much shorter training time.

Not really at home: Adaptation strategies of Asian migrants in Ukraine

The paper problematizes the concept of transit migration and analyzes individual adaptation strategies used by migrants from the former Soviet Union and South Asian countries. These migrants transited through Ukraine and ended up in the country when their plans for further migration to European Union countries or the United States of America did not materialize. It examines how migration outcomes are affected by the migrants’ social capital and sheds light on their alternative resources to cope with life in Ukraine given limited state support. The results show significant differences in the adaptation and possibilities for legal ways to migrate to other countries for migrants coming from Central Asia, Afghanistan and other Asian countries.