Indirect Field-oriented Induction Motor Research Articles

Comparative analysis of different FOPI approximations and number of terms used on simulations of a battery-powered, field-oriented induction motor based electric vehicle traction system

Because of their enhanced performance, the fractional order proportional-integral (FOPI) controllers are becoming an appealing choice for controlling induction motor speed. To implement FOPI controllers, several fractional order integral approximations are available in the literature. The approximation used, and the order of approximation affects the speed tracking, transient response, and induction motor power consumption. This further affects the energy consumption analysis if simulations are conducted based on such approximations. In this paper an electric vehicle (EV) traction system is simulated to investigate the effect of such approximations on the simulations of a battery powered, induction motor driven EV system. The system consists of an indirect field-oriented induction motor, a lithium-ion battery bank, and a three-phase inverter. This work presents a quantitative analysis of the performance of FOPI controllers using different approximations, and order of approximations is presented. The controllers are evaluated based on speed tracking, transient response, computational time, and power consumption. Both step functions and standard drive cycles are used as the speed reference signal to evaluate the effects of using different approximations and different orders of approximation, when different references are used. This work establishes a reference set of simulations that can be used to infer the amount of error in battery state of charge, and state of health analysis conducted on such an EV system, when dealing with FOPI controllers under different approximations and related settings.

Battery Energy Management Techniques for an Electric Vehicle Traction System

This paper presents two battery energy management (BEM) techniques for an electric vehicle (EV) traction system which incorporates an indirect field-oriented (IFO) induction motor (IM) drive system. The main objective of the proposed BEM techniques is to regulate the IM’s speed while minimizing the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery bank state of charge (SOC) reduction and state of health (SOH) degradation. In contrast to most of the existing work, the proposed BEM techniques operate without any prior knowledge of driving profiles or road information. The first BEM technique incorporates two cascaded fuzzy logic controllers (CSFLC). In CSFLC, the first fuzzy logic controller (FLC) generates the reference current signal for regulating the motor speed, while the second FLC generates a variable gain that limits the current signal variation based on the battery SOC. The second BEM technique is based on model predictive control (MPC) which generates the current signal for the speed regulation. However, this work introduces a new way of tuning the MPC input weight using battery information. It features a fuzzy tuned model predictive controller (FMPC), where an FLC adjusts the input weight in the MPC objective function such that the battery SOC is considered while generating the command current signal. Furthermore, this work utilizes a model-in-loop strategy comprising a Chen and Mora (CM) battery model and the experimentally obtained battery bank power consumption to estimate the increase in battery bank runtime and lifetime. A real-time implementation is carried out on a prototype EV traction system using the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) and the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (US06) drive cycles. The experimental results validate that the proposed CSFLC and FMPC BEM techniques exhibit a lower reduction in the battery SOC and SOH degradation, thus prolonging the battery bank runtime and lifetime as compared to the conventional FLC and MPC speed regulators. Further experimentation demonstrates the superiority of the FMPC technique over the CSFLC technique due to the lesser computational burden and higher average energy saving.

A Wind Turbine Emulator Using Field-Oriented Induction Motor

This paper proposes a Wind Turbine Emulator (WTE) using an Indirect Field Oriented (IFO) Induction Motor (IM). The IM drive can be controlled as a conventional prime mover in speed mode, or a wind turbine in torque-speed mode via robust observed torque control. This paper presents key issues for establishing a high-performance IFO IM drive. Further, this study develops a wind turbine load Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator (IPMSG) followed by a three-phase Vienna Switch-Mode Rectifier (SMR). It receives mechanical driven power from the WTE and establishes a 400V DC-link for the DC micro-grid. The good generating characteristics are achieved through proper controls of both the IPMSG and SMR. Various wind turbine torque-speed and power-speed characteristic curves under different wind speeds can be emulated by the developed WTE. The designed results are verified by simulations. The measured results indicate that the errors are within 1.5% and 1.0%, respectively, for the torque and the power compared to the designed ones. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function with good performance for the PMSG with Vienna SMR is achieved using the perturb and observation (P&O) approach. The dynamic and steady-state operating characteristics of the developed whole turbine emulator driven PMSG system are assessed experimentally.

Evaluation of the High Performance Indirect Field Oriented Controlled Dual Induction Motor Drive Fed by a Single Inverter using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Control

In this paper, a high-performance indirect field-oriented controlled dual Induction Motor (IM) drive fed by a single inverter using type-2 fuzzy logic control will be presented. At first, the mathematical model of the IM is implemented in the d-q reference frame. Then, the speed control of the Dual Induction Motor (DIM) operating in parallel configuration with Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) using PI and type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller (T2-FLC) will be presented. For the control of this system, a DC supply and a Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) voltage source inverter are introduced with constant switching frequency. Also, the performance of T2-FLC, which is based on the IFOC, is tested and compared to those achieved using the PI controller. The simulation results demonstrate that the T2-FLC is more robust, efficient, and has superior dynamic performance for traction system applications.

Performance enhancement of electric vehicle traction system using FO‐PI controller

This work improves the performance of an electric vehicle (EV) traction system by using non-linear fractional-order proportional–integral (FO-PI) controller. The functionality of FO-PI controller is benchmarked against integer-order proportional–integral (IO-PI) controller. A 400 V, 6.6 Ah Li-ion battery bank is designed to power an indirect field-oriented induction motor driven prototype EV traction system. The appeal of this study is to reveal the simplicity, robustness, and effectiveness of FO-PI speed regulator for EV traction system. The efficacy of FO-PI speed regulator for EV applications is validated through rigorous experimentation. The FO-PI controller due to its non-linear nature proves to be more robust and effective under variation of a system's parameters and external disturbances as compared to IO-PI controller. Furthermore, the experimental results show that FO-PI control strategy provides higher torque per amp output while maintaining better voltage and state-of-charge profiles of the Li-ion battery bank.

A Novel Online Parameter Estimation Method for Indirect Field Oriented Induction Motor Drives

This paper presents a novel online parameter estimation method to overcome the negative influence of parameter mismatch on the field orientation and then on the performance of the indirect field oriented induction motor drives. This method allows for parallel estimation of the rotor resistance and the mutual inductance, which tend to deviate from their nominal values resulting from changes in temperature and flux level. In the case of electrical vehicles or wind power generators, the parameter deviation degrades the drive performance in two ways: calculation of the current reference from the torque command issued by the power control unit and calculation of the slip frequency for the indirect field orientation. Moreover, the mutual inductance estimation is more critical in these wide speed range applications than in general industry field. This proposed estimation method is implemented through a model reference adaptive system about the rotor flux. The reference model comes from two sliding-mode observers (SMOs): a terminal SMO and a linear SMO, implemented in series. The adjustable model is undertaken by the current model of rotor flux. The analysis and design presented in this paper are confirmed both through numerical simulation and experiments.

A Parallel Speed and Rotor Time Constant Identification Scheme for Indirect Field Oriented Induction Motor Drives

Rotor time constant identification is necessary for high-performance indirect field oriented control of induction motor drives. Meanwhile, speed sensorless technique has many advantages such as low cost and reduced hardware complexity. In recent years, the estimation methods for motor speed have respectively grown to maturity, but the research in the identification of rotor time constant remains to be extended. In this paper, an online scheme for parallel motor speed and rotor time constant identification is proposed according to parameter features, with the operating frequencies of all modules carefully considered. First, the speed is estimated via rotor slot harmonic extraction technique. On the premise of estimated speed, a derivative form of induction motor model is proposed for rotor time constant identification, which overcomes the problems of pure integration in rotor flux calculation. Correspondingly, instead of rotor flux, derivative rotor flux is used in the proposed model. Finally, an adjusted particle swarm optimization method is utilized on the proposed model to track the rotor time constant. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme have been validated experimentally.

Hybrid Position Controller for an Indirect Field-oriented Induction Motor Drive

This paper presents the study and implementation of a hybrid position controller for an indirect field-oriented induction motor drive. In order to improve the position tracking performance of an induction motor drive, a design procedure of a hybrid controller is developed based on the conventional Proportional (P) controller and the Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) controller. The fuzzy logic is utilized to achieve the hybridization between the P and GPC controllers. The P is adopted because its parameter values can be simple chosen with an aggressive tuning (fast response), while the GPC controller enhances the robustness and has a moderate controller action. Then, the position control loop is regulated with the hybrid controller, while the speed and currents loops incorporate PI (Proportional Integral) controllers. The proposed controller, simulations, implementation data, and test results with step, trapezoidal, triangular position profiles and step change in load, are given, discussed and verified. It is shown that the proposed position hybrid controller has a fast tracking capability to industrial robotics applications and it is robust to load disturbance.

A Fuzzy Logic Controller with Tuning Output Scaling Factor for Induction Motor Control Taking Core Loss into Account

This paper presents a design of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) with tuning output scaling factor for speed control of indirect field oriented induction motor (IM) taking core loss into account. The variation of output scaling factor of FLC depends on the normalized output of FLC. Firstly the speed control of IM taking core loss into account is presented by using FLC with fixed scaling factors (FLC-FSF). Secondly the speed controller based on suggested FLC with tuning output scaling factor (FLC-TOSF) is proposed. The performance of the proposed FLC-TOSF for speed control of IM are investigated and compared to those obtained using FLC-SFS at different operating conditions and variation of parameters. A comparison of simulation results shows that the convergence of actual speed to reference speed is faster by using the proposed FLC-TOSF.

Sensorless Stator Field-Oriented Controlled IM Drive at Low Speed withRrEstimator

This paper pertains to a technique of a sensorless indirect stator field-oriented induction motor control, which prevents the accumulative errors incurred by the integrator and the problem relating to the stability of the control system caused by the stator resistance susceptible to temperature variations while conducting the flux estimation directly and computing the synchronous rotary speed. The research adds an adaptive flux observer to estimate the speed of the rotor and uses the fixed trace algorithm (FTA) to execute an online estimation of the slip difference, thereby improving the system of stability under the low rotary speed at regenerating mode and the influence of the rotor resistance on the slip angle. Finally, the paper conducts simulations by Simulink of MATLAB and practices to verify the correctness of the result the paper presents.

Chaos Synchronization Control of an Indirect Field-Oriented Induction Motor

Chaos is extremely sensitive to initial conditions, which makes the system with even smaller initial amount of changes can eventually evolve into a very different result. In an indirect field-oriented control of induction motor drive when estimated errors exist, within a certain range of parameters the system may evolve into chaotic motion through period-doubling bifurcation. In this paper an adaptive controller for synchronizing two indirect field-oriented induction motor drives under chaotic state is presented. Simulation results show that with the state-error feedback controller, synchronous state may be achieved rapidly and robustly.

Flux and Speed Estimation Based on the Extended State Observer for Speed Sensorless Control of Indirect Field Oriented Induction Motor Drives

A flux observer based on the extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for rotor flux estimation and speed identification of indirect field oriented induction motor drives system. The uncertain component including rotor resistance and speed in the stator current equation is extended to a new state, the ESO is then constructed. By the current estimate error, the uncertain component convergences to its actual value and the accurate rotor flux, speed and the rotor time constant are obtained. The accuracy of the ESO independent the rotor resistance and load torque variations, simulations under high and low speed show that the proposed method achieves prefect robust, and the validity and practicability is verified by simulation results.

Parameter Estimation for Performance Enhancement of Indirect Field Oriented Induction Motor Drives: A Survey

Parameter Estimation for Performance Enhancement of Indirect Field Oriented Induction Motor Drives: A Survey

Natural Field Orientation Sensorless Induction Motor Drive with On-line Stator Resistance Parameter Update

This article presents a new technique for on-line identification of an induction motor stator resistance parameter. The technique is designed as an upgrade of the natural field orientation system in a shaft-sensorless indirect field-oriented control induction motor drive. The proposed upgrade results in simultaneous rotor speed estimation and stator resistance parameter update, improving natural field orientation scheme robustness. The parameter update is based on information available in the d-axis back-emf component, investigated in detail using a steady-state model of potentially detuned natural field orientation scheme. The effectiveness of the parameter update technique is validated via practical experiments under a variety of conditions.

Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Control Using Adaptive Tuning Technique

This study mainly deals with the key problem of chattering phenomena on the conventional sliding-mode control (SMC) and investigates an adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode control (AFSMC) system for an indirect field-oriented induction motor (IM) drive to track periodic commands. First, an indirect field-orientation method for an IM drive is introduced briefly. Moreover, a fuzzy logic inference mechanism is utilized for implementing a fuzzy hitting control law to remove completely the chattering phenomena on the conventional SMC. In addition, to confront the uncertainties existed in practical applications, an adaptive algorithm, which is derived in the sense of Lyapunov stability theorem, is utilized to adjust the fuzzy parameter for further assuring robust and optimal control performance. The indirect field-oriented IM drive with the AFSMC scheme possesses the salient advantages of simple control framework, free from chattering, stable tracking control performance, and robust to uncertainties. Furthermore, numerical simulation and experimental results due to periodic sinusoidal commands are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, and its advantages are indicated in comparison with the conventional SMC system and the SMC system with a boundary layer

Implementation of a closed loop sliding mode observer for speed sensorless control of an indirect field oriented induction motor drives

A new sliding mode flux and speed observer is proposed for indirect field oriented induction motor drive system. The error between the actual and observed currents converges to zero, which guarantees the accuracy of the flux observer. The rotor speed and the rotor time constant are estimated based on the estimated stator currents and rotor flux. The estimated rotor time constant is used in slip calculation and observer structures. The estimated speed is used as feedback to the speed regulation. Simulation and experimental results of the speed control verify the validity of the proposed speed estimation algorithm.

A robust sliding mode flux and speed observer for speed sensorless control of an indirect field oriented induction motor drives

In this paper a new sliding mode flux and speed observer is proposed for indirect field oriented induction motor drive system. The error between the actual and observed currents converges to zero, which guarantees the accuracy of the flux observer. The rotor speed and the rotor time constant are estimated based on the estimated stator currents and rotor flux. The estimated rotor time constant is used in slip calculation and observer structures and the estimated speed is used as feedback to the speed regulation. Computer simulation and experimental results of the speed control verify the validity of the proposed speed estimation algorithm. The experimental results show the robustness and performance of the proposed observer structure. Experimental results have been realized without load, with load and with external disturbances.

Adaptive enhanced fuzzy sliding-mode control for electrical servo drive

The design and properties of an adaptive enhanced fuzzy sliding-mode control (AEFSMC) system for an indirect field-oriented induction motor (IM) drive to track periodic commands are addressed in this study. A newly designed EFSMC system, in which a translation-width idea is embedded into the FSMC, is introduced initially. Moreover, to confront the uncertainties existed in practical applications, an adaptive tuner, which is derived in the sense of the Lyapunov stability theorem, is utilized to adjust the EFSMC parameter for further assuring robust and optimal control performance. The indirect field-oriented IM drive with the AEFSMC scheme possesses the salient advantages of simple control framework, free from chattering, stable tracking control performance, and robust to uncertainties. In addition, numerical simulation and experimental results due to periodic sinusoidal commands are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, and its advantages are indicated in comparison with FSMC and EFSMC systems.

Speed control for field-weakened induction motor drive

The speed control of a field-weakened (FW) indirect field-oriented (IFO) induction motor drive with compensations for system dead-time and parameter variations is presented. Firstly, the DSP-based motor drive with a field-weakening mechanism is designed. To handle the command tracking and load rejection speed controls simultaneously, the proposed control scheme consists of a feedback controller and a command feedforward controller (FC) to possess two degrees of freedom (2DOF). The feedback controller is designed according to the given load rejection control requirements, and the command FC is set as the inverse plant model to let the tracking response follow the one defined by a reference model. Then, to reduce the effects of system dead-time and parameter variations on the speed control performance, a dead-time and disturbance compensator (DTDC) is proposed with its parameters being adapted by a variable-structure system (VSS). In addition to dead-time compensation, an estimated signal containing plant uncertainties and disturbances is generated and used for cancelling their effects on dead-time compensation control. Moreover, the tracking response is further enhanced by adaptively adjusting the parameters set in the FC and the DTDC according to the estimated mechanical inertia change. The practical considerations for simultaneously providing a good load rejection control response are also presented. Finally, the closed-loop regulation control is provided by adding a linear model following control (LMFC) scheme.

Fuzzy-Logic-Based Self-Tuning PI Controller for Speed Control of Indirect Field-Oriented Induction Motor Drive

The indirect field-oriented (IFO) method of induction motor (IM) drive is generally implemented by the fixed gain PI controller because of its simple design technique. The performance of fixed gain PI controller may be well under some operating conditions, but not all desired operating conditions. To increase the performance of PI controller, we propose a new fuzzy-logic-based self-tuning PI control system for speed control of IM drives with IFO method. In this new approach, a well designed fuzzy-logic provides the suitable gain of PI controller to achieve the desired speed under the variation of load torque and parameters. The performance of proposed fuzzy-logic-based self-tuning PI controller was demonstrated through simulations. The simulation results confirm that the proposed controller is robust under the variation of load torque and parameters.