Indirect Fashion Research Articles

What is Parental Monitoring?

Parental monitoring is a construct of longstanding interest in multiple fields-but what is it? This paper makes two contributions to the ongoing debate. First, we review how the published literature has defined and operationalized parental monitoring. We show that the monitoring construct has often been defined in an indirect and nonspecific fashion and measured using instruments that vary widely in conceptual content. The result has been a disjointed empirical literature that cannot accurately be described as the unified study of a single construct nor is achieving a cumulative scientific character. Second, we offer a new formulation of the monitoring construct intended to remedy this situation. We define parental monitoring as the set of all behaviors performed by caregivers with the goal of acquiring information about the youth's activities and life. We introduce a taxonomy identifying 5 distinct types of monitoring behaviors (Types 1-5), with each behavior varying along five dimensions (performer, target, frequency, context, style). We distinguish parental monitoring from 16 other parenting constructs it is often conflated with and position monitoring as one element within the broader parent-youth monitoring process: the continuous, dyadic interplay between caregivers and youth as they navigate caregivers attempts' to monitor youth. By offering an explicit and detailed conceptualization of monitoring, we aim to foster more rigorous and impactful research in this area.

Comparative Public Law in the United Kingdom

In the UK, comparative law is an influence but not a determining one in judicial decisions, unless it comes from a familiar source, mainly from the common law. Scholarly comparative law, which is substantial and thriving, contributes in a more indirect fashion to create an environment in which some decisions become thinkable to judges and legislators. In the current atmosphere of a retreat from European-wide legal rules, comparing different national legal systems will be more influential than the appeal to pan-European standards in both judicial decisions and in inspiring legislation.

Immunological and virological triggers of type 1 diabetes: insights and implications.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by an autoimmune process which culminates in the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. It is widely believed that a complex and multifactorial interplay between genetic and environmental factors, such as viruses, play a crucial role in the development of the disease. Research over the past few decades has shown that there is not one single viral culprit, nor one single genetic pathway, causing the disease. Rather, viral infections, most notably enteroviruses (EV), appear to accelerate the autoimmune process leading to T1D and are often seen as a precipitator of clinical diagnosis. In support of this hypothesis, the use of anti-viral drugs has recently shown efficacy in preserving beta cell function after onset of diabetes. In this review, we will discuss the various pathways that viral infections utilize to accelerate the development of T1D. There are three key mechanisms linking viral infections to beta-cell death: One is modulated by the direct infection of islets by viruses, resulting in their impaired function, another occurs in a more indirect fashion, by modulating the immune system, and the third is caused by heightened stress on the beta-cell by interferon-mediated increase of insulin resistance. The first two aspects are surprisingly difficult to study, in the case of the former, because there are still many questions about how viruses might persist for longer time periods. In the latter, indirect/immune case, viruses might impact immunity as a hit-and-run scenario, meaning that many or all direct viral footprints quickly vanish, while changes imprinted upon the immune system and the anti-islet autoimmune response persist. Given the fact that viruses are often associated with the precipitation of clinical autoimmunity, there are concerns regarding the impact of the recent global coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the development of autoimmune disease. The long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on T1D will therefore be discussed, including the increased development of new cases of T1D. Understanding the interplay between viral infections and autoimmunity is crucial for advancing our knowledge in this field and developing targeted therapeutic interventions. In this review we will examine the intricate relationship between viral infections and autoimmunity and discuss potential considerations for prevention and treatment strategies.

Biomimetic photosynthetic system: Shedding light on the restoration of cell metabolism

Biomimetic photosynthetic system: Shedding light on the restoration of cell metabolism

Polyphenols as Drivers of a Homeostatic Gut Microecology and Immuno-Metabolic Traits of Akkermansia muciniphila: From Mouse to Man

Akkermansia muciniphila is a mucosal symbiont considered a gut microbial marker in healthy individuals, as its relative abundance is significantly reduced in subjects with gut inflammation and metabolic disturbances. Dietary polyphenols can distinctly stimulate the relative abundance of A. muciniphila, contributing to the attenuation of several diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and liver damage. However, mechanistic insight into how polyphenols stimulate A. muciniphila or its activity is limited. This review focuses on dietary interventions in rodents and humans and in vitro studies using different phenolic classes. We provide critical insights with respect to potential mechanisms explaining the effects of polyphenols affecting A. muciniphila. Anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, flavanones, stilbenes, and phenolic acids are shown to increase relative A. muciniphila levels in vivo, whereas lignans exert the opposite effect. Clinical trials show consistent findings, and high intervariability relying on the gut microbiota composition at the baseline and the presence of multiple polyphenol degraders appear to be cardinal determinants in inducing A. muciniphila and associated benefits by polyphenol intake. Polyphenols signal to the AhR receptor and impact the relative abundance of A. muciniphila in a direct and indirect fashion, resulting in the restoration of intestinal epithelial integrity and homeostatic crosstalk with the gut microbiota by affecting IL-22 production. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that A. muciniphila participates in the initial hydrolysis of some polyphenols but does not participate in their complete metabolism. In conclusion, the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods targeting A. muciniphila as a pivotal intermediary represents a promising precision nutritional therapy to prevent and attenuate metabolic and inflammatory diseases.

고령자 서비스 결합주택 소요와 영향요인 분석

Households of old age want to live in their communities as long as their health conditions permit. This study focus on service combined housing that provide welfare related services with old age under the therapeutic environment. There are two objectives of this study. First, we measure the need for service combined housing for old age. Second, various factors determining needs of service combined housing will be found out through ordered logit analysis. In order to succeed this objectives, we collect survey data in year 2020 for old age. According to prior study, household with welfare needs can be selected in terms of situation of household formation, income level and degree of health status. Among old age populations, 2 percent of them are minimum level that need serviced housing and 8% are may be predicted for maximum level. Ordered logit model can describe that factors affect housing needs indirect fashion. The more household satisfy their residential environment, quality of life and location of residents, the more satify their aged care services. Besides these factors, household income, visiting frequency with their offsprings and condition of their spouse were also represented to determine their satisfaction of aged care services. This study suggest that providing service combined housing are uregent task considering old ageing trend in our society and more detailed researches should be further continued.

Substrate Color Prediction through Active Monitoring of the Exhaustion Dyeing Process

Nowadays, the monitoring and control of the exhaustion dyeing processes is still done in a reactive and indirect fashion. The monitoring focusses on variables that influence the output of the dyeing process, such as temperature, pH and electrolytes concentration. This approach is more reactive than preventive, since it does not proactively detect deviations in the dyed substrate color that are caused by other process variables.The aim of this work is to develop a customized system that could actively monitor and predict the color of the dyed substrate after washing. This involves mathematical models and integration of a USB 4000 spectrophotometer and T300 dip probe made by Ocean Optics, which collects, analyzes and process the data from dyeing solutions. Validation tests performed with direct dyes and 100% cotton fabrics showed a good correlation with the real results, especially after 60 minutes of dyeing. For all the tested dyes, applied alone and combined, the color differences (ΔE94) between the measured and the predicted color were equal or less than 0.70 and 1.52 respectively.

On the Coercive Nature of Research Impact Metrics: The Case Study of Altmetrics and Science Communication

ABSTRACT This article grasps the coercive character often associated to research impact metrics, in the wake of the ever-growing use of quantitative indicators for the evaluation of the academic performance. It does so by taking a Marxian perspective which underscores what are the historically determined attributes of academic labour that the functioning of impact metrics embodies, unfolding thereby what ‘impact’ really means concerning said social attributes of the scientific enterprise. Science communication via social media, and the array of metrics and indicators surrounding it, known as alternative metrics or altmetrics, are taken as a case study. This study concludes that the coercive nature of research impact metrics is grounded on the private and independent character taken by social labour in capitalist production, an historically determined form of the social reproduction that asks for academic production to be organised and regulated in an indirect fashion, behind the backs of producers themselves – in the particular case of science, by means of quantitative indicators and performance metrics. As research impact metrics bear the power to determine how and to what extent academic labourers contribute to the general productive process, their will and consciousness become thus subsumed to such reified social subject.

LWTSM-IoT: Light Weight Trust Sensing Mechanism for Internet of Things

In Internet of Things (IoT), secure communication is a prime concern since the open internet source and vast heterogeneity offers several challenges to the network. To achieve an enhanced security, an effective trust evaluation model is required through which the abnormal nodes can be detected and isolated. Towards this objective we have proposed a Light Weight Trust Sensing (LWTS) mechanism for IoT routing. Several factors like Packet Forwarding Factor, Packet Consistency Factor and Packet Repetition Factor are employed to analyze the behaviour of IoT nodes. Along with these factors, the proposed model also checks for energy efficiency to achieve an improved network lifetime. Trust Calculation process is accomplished in two phases; they are direct and indirect fashion. Finally based on obtained total trust, each neighbour node are categorized as No Trust, Average Trust, Fair Trust and Good Trust and the node with good trust is selected as next-hop forwarding node. For the proposed approach extensive simulations are carried out and the performance is measured through Packet Delivery Ratio, Malicious Detection Rate and Average Energy Consumption. The obtained results prove the effectiveness when compared to existing approaches.

Investigation of Social Studies Curriculum in Regards to Migrant, Refugee, Asylum-Seekers Concepts

This study aims to exhibit the current situation of migrant, refugee, asylum-seekers concepts in Social Studies Curriculum (2018) in Turkey in detail. This study, in which qualitative research method was applied, used document review for the detailed examination of the social studies curriculum. It referred to descriptive analysis technique in the analysis of the data obtained. The results of the research show that the concepts of migrant, refugee, asylum-seekers are not included in the social studies curriculum at all. The six criteria discussed (special purposes, basic skills, values, achievements of the social studies curriculum, issues to be considered in the implementation of the curriculum, the structure & learning areas of the curriculum), partially found a place directly or indirectly in the curriculum. However, there is a disproportionate distribution as seen in the findings. While 11 out of 18 values in the values section, 4 out of 7 learning areas can be associated with the concepts of migrant, refugee, asylum-seekers in a direct or indirect fashion, merely 15 out of 27 skills and only 15 out of 131 total achievements are associated with these concepts. Thereupon, the study reveals that the number of items, particularly the number of achievements, is insufficient in terms of concepts discussed whilst schools treat courses subject and achievement centered. In this respect, the researcher suggests that the distribution rates of migrant, refugee, asylum-seekers concepts should be more balanced in the curriculum amongst the criteria discussed in the study. A learning area for inclusive education should be created that includes all disadvantaged individuals directly. Accordingly, special purposes, issues to be considered in the implementation of the program, values, skills and achievements should be updated in the social studies curriculum (2018).

Liking as far as you like yourself: Exploring the Self-Referencing effect across multiple intersecting regularities and its relationship with self-esteem

Classic instances of evaluative learning require the spatio-temporal contingency between source and target stimuli. However, people can learn to like stimuli in a more indirect fashion. Moreover, many of our preferences are self-referential: we tend to like the objects that are related to ourselves. For instance, it is demonstrated that performing the Self-Referencing task, a categorization task based on intersecting regularities between the self and a target stimulus, results in a transfer of positivity from the self to the target. Unexplored so far is the extent to which intersecting regularities can be exploited to form even less direct connections between the self and the target, which ultimately results in a preference for the latter. In two experiments, we tested the indirect SR effect. To this aim, we set up a two-step learning procedure in which, after completion of the SR task, participants underwent an additional task, where target stimuli categorized in the SR shared a behavioral response with novel targets. Experiment 1 (N = 241) showed significant direct and indirect SR effects, both implicitly and explicitly, irrespectively of the type of targeted stimuli (i.e., groups or brands). Experiment 2 (N = 174) replicated such findings and showed that explicit, but not implicit, self-esteem moderated the SR effect. Although at a descriptive level the moderating role of explicit self-esteem showed stronger on the indirect SR effect, no statistical evidence was found to support a differential impact on either direct or indirect SR. We discuss the power of IR to transfer self-positivity indirectly across stimuli, the role of self-esteem, and the theoretical implications of our findings.

How to Create a Great Radiology Report.

The radiology report represents the sum of a radiologist's highest level of synthesis and insight into a patient's condition. It is the most important product that radiologists generate to help direct patient care. Despite the self-evident importance of clear and effective radiology reporting, radiologists usually receive little or no formal reporting education during training. Instead, it is learned in a piecemeal and often indirect fashion through occasional correction and imitating the reports of other radiologists. The audience of the radiology report extends far beyond the ordering provider and includes patients and their families, medical support staff, subspecialty providers, other radiologists, and research interests. Creating a report that fulfills the needs of this diverse group is a formidable if not quixotic ambition. However, there are certain key principles to reporting the imaging findings, impression, and recommendations that serve as a guide and promote careful consideration about how reports are understood. The findings section should emphasize short, informative, and factual observations while avoiding inappropriate interpretation, excessive use of terms of perception, and redundancy. The impression is the thoughtful synthesis of the meaning of the findings leading to a diagnosis, a differential diagnosis, and management recommendations. Creating a clear and impactful impression allows radiologists to provide the highest level of clinical care and direction but takes time and effort beyond simply restating the findings. The impression should use language that is understandable, memorable, and actionable. Reporting skills require ongoing attention and must adapt to the evolving practice patterns and communication styles in medicine. ©RSNA, 2020.

Ecological complexity and contingency: Ants and lizards affect biological control of the coffee leaf miner in Puerto Rico

Complexity and contingency frame much of current thinking in population and community ecology. The coffee pest, Leucoptera coffeella, is particularly problematical in Puerto Rico, but is usually held under control in Mexico. A variety of arboreal ants are effective predators in Mexico, but are limited in an indirect fashion by the common aggressive arboreal ant, Azteca sericeasur. In Puerto Rico this species does not occur, suggesting that the small arboreal ants might be more effective predators there than in Mexico. However, the contingency of large population densities of Anoline lizards is well-known as a major biological control force for the leaf miner. Ants, especially the non-native Wasmannia auropunctata, have a negative effect on the lizards. Surveying ants and coffee leaf miners in 25 coffee farms in Puerto Rico, we investigate the effect of ants, in particular W. auropunctata, on the coffee leaf miner, and find that this ant species has a positive relationship with the miner. In a more detailed spatial study of two farms, surveys of anoline lizards show no significant negative relationship between the lizards and W. auropunctata on a per plant basis. However, we found a significantly lower abundance of lizards on patches dominated by this ant, suggesting that W. auropunctata indirectly protects the coffee leaf miner against this potential lizard predator. Thus, the structural complexity of a trait-mediated indirect effect occurs both in Mexico and Puerto Rico and potentially limits the effectiveness of biological control elements, but the contingencies are distinct in the two sites.

The Role of Losartan as a Potential Neuroregenerative Pharmacological Agent after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage.

Background: Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) remains a major cause of delayed cerebral ischaemia following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), making it a life-threatening type of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. Endothelin-1 is known as key player mediating a strong vasocontractile effect. Interestingly, losartan restores the impaired vasorelaxative ET(B1) receptor function in a non-competitive direct fashion. With this study, we aimed to investigate a potential losartan-dependent vasodilatory effect vice versa by inhibiting NO release through L-NAME, thus pushing forward concepts to alleviate vasospasm and possibly prevent ischaemia and neurodegeneration. Methods: Cerebral vasospasm was induced by the use of an established double-injection rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were culled on Day 3 after the ictus, and the vasospastic basilar artery was harvested for isometric investigations of the vessel tone. Ring segments were preincubated with and without L-NAME and/or losartan. Results: Preincubation with L-NAME induced dose-dependent vasoconstriction via endothelin-1 in the non-SAH cohort, which was dose-dependently reduced by losartan. After SAH and dose-dependent endothelin-1 administration, maximal contraction was achieved in the control group without losartan. Furthermore, this maximal contraction was significantly decreased in the losartan group and was reversed by L-NAME. Conclusions: After SAH, losartan was shown to positively influence the ET(B1) receptor pathway in a non-competitive direct agonistic and indirect fashion. Losartan alleviated the maximum contraction triggered by endothelin-1. This effect was resolved due to NO inhibition by L-NAME. Considering this spasmolytic effect of losartan besides its already well-known effects (attenuating cerebral inflammation, restoring cerebral autoregulation and reducing epileptogenic activity) and alleviating early brain injury, losartan seems to have potential as a promising pharmacological agent after SAH.

Candida glabrata Transcription Factor Rpn4 Mediates Fluconazole Resistance through Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis and Plasma Membrane Permeability.

The ability to acquire azole resistance is an emblematic trait of the fungal pathogen Candida glabrata Understanding the molecular basis of azole resistance in this pathogen is crucial for designing more suitable therapeutic strategies. This study shows that the C. glabrata transcription factor (TF) CgRpn4 is a determinant of azole drug resistance. RNA sequencing during fluconazole exposure revealed that CgRpn4 regulates the expression of 212 genes, activating 80 genes and repressing, likely in an indirect fashion, 132 genes. Targets comprise several proteasome and ergosterol biosynthesis genes, including ERG1, ERG2, ERG3, and ERG11 The localization of CgRpn4 to the nucleus increases upon fluconazole stress. Consistent with a role in ergosterol and plasma membrane homeostasis, CgRpn4 is required for the maintenance of ergosterol levels upon fluconazole stress, which is associated with a role in the upkeep of cell permeability and decreased intracellular fluconazole accumulation. We provide evidence that CgRpn4 directly regulates ERG11 expression through the TTGCAAA binding motif, reinforcing the relevance of this regulatory network in azole resistance. In summary, CgRpn4 is a new regulator of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in C. glabrata, contributing to plasma membrane homeostasis and, thus, decreasing azole drug accumulation.

Field Philosophy and the Chinese National Park System

ABSTRACT This is an essay in environmental philosophy on the way toward field philosophy, using the Chinese National Park System (CNPS) as a case study. The CNPS was initiated in 2015, which began with the assumption of state ownership, to be passed down from generation to generation, with the aim of addressing the problems such natural reserves traditionally have and will continue to face, put into a Chinese context. The CNPS makes it possible to unify the current multiple management structure and correct the practice that has given priority to economic benefits. One key element of the CNPS is the resettlement of local residents from parklands. This revives perennial questions of the nature of the human-land relationship, and parallels the history of the US National Park system. I claim that three ethical principles should be used for the migration of people out of parks: informed consent, participation, and sufficiency. I also analyze four pilot projects’ plans of CNPS, and find that the three ethical principles were already present, albeit in a limited and indirect fashion. In future plans for individual national parks, this situation should be improved. Finally, I identify other opportunities and challenges for doing field philosophy on CNPS.

Generation and Characterization of Attosecond Microbunched Electron Pulse Trains via Dielectric Laser Acceleration

Dielectric laser acceleration is a versatile scheme to accelerate and control electrons with the help of femtosecond laser pulses in nanophotonic structures. We demonstrate here the generation of a train of electron pulses with individual pulse durations as short as 270±80 attoseconds (FWHM), measured in an indirect fashion, based on two subsequent dielectric laser interaction regions connected by a free-space electron drift section, all on a single photonic chip. In the first interaction region (the modulator), an energy modulation is imprinted on the electron pulse. During free propagation, this energy modulation evolves into a charge density modulation, which we probe in the second interaction region (the analyzer). These results will lead to new ways of probing ultrafast dynamics in matter and are essential for future laser-based particle accelerators on a photonic chip.

The early years of Philippine Studies, 1953 to 1966

The academic journal has been a key element of the scholarly world for some time and as a key component of this world it deserves historical examination. But this has not often been forthcoming, especially for regions of the world outside the Anglo-American core. In this article I examine the content of the early years of Philippine Studies. Founded in 1953, it has survived and prospered up to the present day as a vehicle for scholarly studies of the Philippines. The content of the early years of Philippine Studies (1953–66) reflected a desire on the part of its editors and many of its authors and supporters to create a Philippine society based on the teachings of the Catholic Church, one that would be strong enough to create a middle path between communism and liberalism. Articles published during this period advocated social reform based on the teachings of the Catholic Church; these articles also aired warnings about the communist threat to the Philippines and the world. But alongside these materials were literary and historical studies that also, but in a more indirect fashion, supported the project of Catholic-inspired social reform.

Homeostatic Role of Autophagy in Hepatocytes.

Autophagy actively participates in the physiological process of the liver. While the direct effect of autophagy may be limited to the sequestration and degradation of a selective cargo, its overall impact can be broad, affecting many more physiological processes regulated by the particular cargo. This review will discuss two aspects of the importance of autophagy in the liver: metabolic regulation in response to feeding and starvation, and pathological consequences in the absence of autophagy. These two aspects illustrate the homeostatic functions of autophagy in the liver, one in a more direct fashion, regulating the cellular nutrient supply, and the other in a more indirect fashion, controlling the pathological signaling triggered by the abnormal accumulation of cargos. Remarkably, the hepatic pathology in autophagy-deficient livers does not seem different from that presented in other chronic liver diseases. Autophagy deficiency can be a model for the study of the relevant molecular mechanisms.

Cloud-Based Behavioral Monitoring in Smart Homes.

Environmental sensors are exploited in smart homes for many purposes. Sensor data inherently carries behavioral information, possibly useful to infer wellness and health-related insights in an indirect fashion. In order to exploit such features, however, powerful analytics are needed to convert raw sensor output into meaningful and accessible knowledge. In this paper, a complete monitoring architecture is presented, including home sensors and cloud-based back-end services. Unsupervised techniques for behavioral data analysis are presented, including: (i) regression and outlier detection models (also used as feature extractors for more complex models); (ii) statistical hypothesis testing frameworks for detecting changes in sensor-detected activities; and (iii) a clustering process, leveraging deep learning techniques, for extracting complex, multivariate patterns from daily sensor data. Such methods are discussed and evaluated on real-life data, collected within several EU-funded projects. Overall, the presented methods may prove very useful to build effective monitoring services, suitable for practical exploitation in caregiving activities, complementing conventional telemedicine techniques.