Indicator Of Water Movement Research Articles

Groundwater flow and geochemistry in the lower reaches of the Yellow River: a case study in Shandong Province, China

Water samples were collected from the Yellow River and from wells for chemical and isotopic measurement in the counties of Yucheng and Qihe, to which 6–9×108 m3 of water is diverted annually from the Yellow River. A zone of high electrical conductivity (EC) in groundwater corresponds well on the regional scale with a ridge in groundwater level, which is the main flow path through the region, but has a low gradient. The zone of highest EC along this ridge occurs at a position with the lowest ground altitude in the study area. The unique characteristic of the groundwater is the linear relationship among the principal anions as the result of mixing. The mixing effect is confirmed by its isotopic signature, which was then used to calculate the contributions from three sources: rainfall, old water, and diverted water with an average mixing rate of 18, 17, and 65%, respectively. As an indicator of water movement, Cl– content varies across a wide range in the profile from 30–10 m with a maximum concentration at about 1.2 m depth. Concentrations are relatively stable at about 2 m, which is the average boundary of the saturated and unsaturated zone. The water from the Yellow River has proved to be dominant in mixing in the aquifer in terms of groundwater flow and geochemistry.

Groundwater flow and geochemistry in the lower reaches of the Yellow River: a case study in Shandang Province, China

Water samples were collected from the Yellow River and from wells for chemical and isotopic measurement in the counties of Yucheng and Qihe, to which 6–9×10⁸ m³ of water is diverted annually from the Yellow River. A zone of high electrical conductivity (EC) in groundwater corresponds well on the regional scale with a ridge in groundwater level, which is the main flow path through the region, but has a low gradient. The zone of highest EC along this ridge occurs at a position with the lowest ground altitude in the study area. The unique characteristic of the groundwater is the linear relationship among the principal anions as the result of mixing. The mixing effect is confirmed by its isotopic signature, which was then used to calculate the contributions from three sources: rainfall, old water, and diverted water with an average mixing rate of 18, 17, and 65%, respectively. As an indicator of water movement, Cl– content varies across a wide range in the profile from 30–10 m with a maximum concentration at about 1.2 m depth. Concentrations are relatively stable at about 2 m, which is the average boundary of the saturated and unsaturated zone. The water from the Yellow River has proved to be dominant in mixing in the aquifer in terms of groundwater flow and geochemistry.

Simulations of Acoustic Imprints of Meddies in the Iberian Basin: Toward Acoustic Detection of Meddies

Abstract Ocean currents’ effect on long-range sound propagation, though considerable in many cases, is difficult to separate from much stronger effects due to sound speed inhomogeneities, as flow velocity is usually much smaller than typical variations in the sound speed. Dramatic improvement can be achieved in reciprocal transmission experiments when sound signals propagate in opposite directions between two transceivers (source–receiver pairs). The presence of a current results in the breaking of the principle of acoustic reciprocity, thus making it possible to use nonreciprocity of acoustic field as an indicator of water movement. In this paper, reciprocal acoustic transmissions through a submesoscale interthermocline lens of Mediterranean Water (meddy) in the Atlantic are considered theoretically as a possible tool for meddies detection. A simple model of acoustic ray-travel-time nonreciprocity due to a meddy is proposed. The analytic estimates obtained from the model show that the influence of rotary...

The carbohydrate‐to‐protein ratio as a biological indicator of water movement

(1987). The carbohydrate‐to‐protein ratio as a biological indicator of water movement. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 529-530.

ALTERATIONS IN ILEAL TRANSPORT OF ZINC IN EXPERIMENTAL CHRONIC UREMIA

Uremia is known to be associated with hypozincemia and low levels of zinc in most tissues. We evaluated absorption of zinc in experimental chronic uremia. Male Wistar rats weighing 125-150g were made uremic (U) by a 2 stage nephrectomy which removed approximately 90% of the renal tissue. Two control groups, pair fed (PC) and ad libitum fed (AC) were sham operated. Three weeks after the second surgical procedure, the mean (± SEM) BUN for the uremic group was 61.0 ± 1.8 mg/dl while that of PC was 16.5 ± 1.3 mg/dl and AC was 19.3 ± 0.5 mg/dl. At that time an in vivoileal perfusion was performed with a buffer containing 0.015 mM Zn adjusted to pH 7.5 and using phenol red as an indicator of water movement. There were no significant differences in absorption among the 3 groups, indicating that at levels of Zn equivalent to normal plasma level there was no change in ileal zinc transport associated with uremia. However, when higher concentrations of Zn were perfused, U rats absorbed more Zn than controls: These findings are consistent with altered transport in the uremic ileum which allows increased absorption of Zn at higher concentrations and indicate that malabsorption is not a cause of Zn deficiency in uremia.

Vegetation and stream pattern as indicators of water movement on the Magela floodplain, Northern Territory

Magela Creek is a hydrologically complex waterway which drains Australia's two largest uranium deposits, carries a pastoral and tourist industry and has been proposed for inclusion in a national park. In this study, the vegetation and stream patterns of the floodplain are described and are used as indicators of surface water movement through the system. The Magela floodplain was found to be a freshwater lagoon, enclosed at its outlet by, the floodplain of the East Alligator River; the vegetation types are direct indicators of water depth within the lagoon. The capacity of the lagoon is approximately 60 × 106 m3, the average daily input during the wet season is approximately 3% of the lagoon volume and during the dry season the lagoon dries out to approximately 5 × 106 m3 of perennial swamp. The lagoon is maintained by the East Alligator River and so its hydrology must not be studied in isolation but in relation to the larger system to which it belongs.