Indicators Of Suicidal Ideation Research Articles

Using recursive partitioning to predict presence and severity of suicidal ideation amongst college students

Objective Predicting the presence and severity of suicidal ideation in college students is important, as deaths by suicide amongst young adults have increased in the past 20 years. Participants We recruited college students (N = 5494) from ten universities across eight states. Method Participants answered three questionnaires related to lifetime and past month suicidal ideation, and an indicator of suicidal ideation in a DSM-5 symptom measure. We used recursive partitioning to predict the presence, absence, and severity, of suicidal ideation. Results Recursive partitioning models varied in their accuracy and performance. The best-performing model consisted of predictors and outcomes measured by the DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure. Sexual orientation was also an important predictor in most models. Conclusions A single measure of DSM-5 symptom severity may help universities understand suicide severity to promote targeted interventions. Though further work is needed, as similar scaling amongst predictors could have influenced the model.

Revisión sistemática sobre la Ideación Suicida y Depresión en adolescentes en los últimos 10 años

The general objective in this inquiry consists of perform a systematic review about Suicidal Ideation and depression on Teenagers. This is approached under PRISMA model in the systematic review, specifying the strategies in the research, ethical elements analysis, working plan, among other aspects. Related to the main results, it has been analyzed and checked that the indicators of Suicidal Ideation and Depression is present in the teenage population, according to selected articles. On the other hand, it is observed the correlation between the indicators of Suicidal Ideation and Depression. In conclusion, Suicidal Ideation and Depression is crossways present in teenagers, as well as in different cultures, life cycle stages and over time.

The Prevalence and Impact of Debilitative Psychological and Behavioral Responses to Long-Term Injury in Athletes

Injuries, and their psychological and maladaptive behavioral consequences, are an inevitable by-product of sport participation. This study sought to investigate the prevalence of maladaptive behaviors and psychological corollaries of long-term injury in order to understand if these are universal experiences of long-term injured athletes. Competitive athletes (n = 187; average time spent injured =43 weeks), across a range of sports completed an online questionnaire developed to investigate the psychological and behavioral consequences of long-term injury. Results indicated that negative symptoms after injury were a universal experience and are the “normal” response to injury, not the “exception.” The most prevalent psychological consequences were rumination (97.9%), boredom (94.7%), and fear of reinjury (93.6%). Furthermore, indicators of suicidal ideation were reported by more than 50% of participants. Factor analysis revealed a six-factor model: (a) self-sabotaging behavior, (b) daily functioning, (c) addictive behavior, (d) clinical issues, (e) fixation on injury, and (f) compromised athletic identity. All factors significantly correlated with debilitating impact. Thus, this study calls for a change to the support of long-term injured athletes to include routine psychological care.

Prevalence of suicidal behavior in a northeastern Mexican border population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Before the pandemic, suicide was already considered a global public health problem. The outbreak of COVID-19, a coronavirus-related infectious disease, began to impact people's physical and mental health. The factors that either contribute to or mitigate this risk need to be better understood, and this can only be accomplished through research. Therefore, this study aimed to study the prevalence of suicidal ideation and behavior in Tamaulipas, Mexico, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 659 participants, of whom 194 (29.5%) were men and 465 (70.5%) participants were oldwomen, ranging in age between 16 and 68 years (M = 22.56, SD = 7.26). An adapted version of the Spanish version of the Columbia Suicidal Severity Rating Scale was used to assess the seriousness of suicidal ideation and behavior. The higher rates of suicidal indicators were suicidal ideation with "wish to dead" (39.9%), while the lower was suicidal ideation with a specific plan (8.2%). A total of 18.2% of participants reported "suicidal attempts before COVID-19," of whom 40% reported "suicidal attempts in the last 3 months." Suicidal behavior rates were lower: 13.7% of participants reported "non-specific preparatory behavior" and 13.3% reported "actual suicide attempts." Women were more likely than men to exhibit almost all indicators of suicidal ideation and behavior (OR = 1.63-2.54; 95% CI = 1.11-2.41, 1.76-3.68), as well as confinement (OR = 2.60; 95% CI = 1.73-3.91). Confinement for more than 40 days (OR = 0.55-0.66; 95% CI = 0.40-0.75, 0.47-0.93) and knowing a person infected with COVID-19 (OR = 1.57-2.01; 95% CI = 1.02-2.42, 1.20-3.34) were associated with a higher risk of exhibiting several suicidal indicators and having previously attempted suicide. Being a woman, knowing a person infected with COVID-19, and being confined, especially for longer than 40 days, are all risk factors for suicidal ideation. Therefore, intervention programs are needed to reduce the suicide risk prevalence, especially these days because of the influence of the pandemic, and should be primarily focused on those who present the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior identified in this study.

Social cognitive mechanisms between psychological maltreatment and adolescent suicide ideation: Race/ethnicity and gender as moderators.

The current study examined whether psychological maltreatment predicts suicide ideation through self-perception of social competence, and whether this relationship differs depending on race/ethnicity and gender. We analyzed a racially diverse, longitudinal sample of adolescents at risk for maltreatment (N = 765). Self-report measures of lifetime maltreatment were completed at age 12 and combined with data from Child Protective Services. Youth also completed measures of perceived social competence at age 12. Indicators of suicide ideation were taken at ages 8, 12, 16, and 18. Perceived social competence scores differed significantly between children who were psychologically maltreated and those who were not, but these differences were nonsignificant for physical and sexual abuse. Self-perception of social competence fully mediated the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and suicide ideation for White girls and boys. Our findings suggest that poor perceived social competence is uniquely associated with psychological maltreatment, and White adolescents may develop suicide ideation through specific mechanisms involving social cognition. Certain youth may benefit from interventions improving social cognitions and promoting healthy relationships to prevent suicide ideation during adolescence.

Eyes wide open: sleep disturbance, not melatonin, is the real issue to address for suicide risk.

Eyes wide open: sleep disturbance, not melatonin, is the real issue to address for suicide risk.

Insomnia, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide Attempts in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness.

Objective: Insomnia occurs frequently in the clinical course of schizophrenia. There is a robust association between insomnia and suicide in other psychiatric disorders. Several previous studies found associations between insomnia and suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and psychopathology in schizophrenia. We explored these associations in a cross-sectional study of a large sample of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: In February 2020, we investigated relationships between current insomnia, suicidal ideation over the past 2 weeks, suicide attempt in the past 6 months (assessed by either the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia or self-report), and current psychopathology for subjects with baseline data from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (DSM-IV schizophrenia trial conducted 2001-2004) using regression models. Results: After controlling for multiple potential confounding factors, terminal insomnia was associated with significant, 2.7-fold increased odds of current suicidal ideation (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 2.0-3.6, P < .001). Initial/middle insomnia was associated with a significant, 5.5-fold increased odds of suicide attempt in the past 6 months (OR = 5.5, 95% CI = 1.4-21.1, P = .013). Terminal insomnia was also a significant indicator of higher Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total (β = 0.12, P < .001), positive subscale (β = 0.11, P < .001), and general psychopathology subscale (β = 0.14, P < .001) scores. There were no other significant associations between insomnia, suicidal thinking or behavior, and psychopathology. Conclusions: Insomnia is associated with suicidal ideation, recent suicide attempt, and greater psychopathology in schizophrenia. Findings provide additional evidence that formal assessment of insomnia is relevant to the clinical care of patients with schizophrenia as an indicator of suicidal ideation and behavior, as well as symptom severity. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00014001.

Oral health practices and oral hygiene status as indicators of suicidal ideation among adolescents in Southwest Nigeria.

Oral health is a less-recognized correlate of overall and mental wellbeing. This study aimed to assess the relationship between suicidal behavior (ideation and attempt) and oral health practices and status, and to determine the effect of sex on these associations among Nigerian adolescents. Household survey data were collected from 10 to 19-year-old adolescents in southwestern Nigeria. Dependent variables were daily tooth brushing, daily consumption of refined carbohydrates between meals, and oral hygiene status (measured by plaque index). The independent variable was lifetime suicidal ideation/attempt, dichotomized into 'yes' and 'never'. 'Daily tooth brushing' and 'daily consumption of refined carbohydrates between meals' were included in two separate logistic regression models, and 'oral hygiene status' was included in a linear regression model. The models were adjusted for sex, age, and socioeconomic status. The linear regression model was also adjusted for frequency of daily tooth-brushing and of consumption of refined carbohydrates between meals. Interactions between sex and suicidal ideation/suicide attempt in association with dependent variables were assessed. Significance was set at 5%. We recruited 1,472 participants with mean age (standard deviation) of 14.6 (2.6) years. The mean plaque index was 0.84 (0.56), and 66 (4.5%) adolescents reported ever having suicidal ideation/attempt. Suicidal ideation/attempt was associated with significantly lower likelihood of tooth brushing (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.91), higher likelihood of consuming refined carbohydrates between meals (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.29, 4.10), and having poor oral hygiene (B = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.32). Among males, suicidal ideation/attempt was associated with less likelihood of eating refined carbohydrates between meals (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.35, 2.61). Conversely, it was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of this outcome (OR = 4.85, 95% CI: 2.23, 10.55) among females. The study findings suggest that poor tooth brushing habits and poor oral hygiene are indicators for risk of suicidal behavior for adolescents in Nigeria, while high sugar consumption may be an additional risk factor for adolescent females. These findings support the role of dental practitioners as members of healthcare teams responsible for screening, identifying and referring patients at risk for suicidal ideation/attempt.

Gender Differences in the Predictors of Suicide-related Morbidity Among Veterans Reporting Current Housing Instability

Veterans experiencing housing instability are at increased risk of suicide. Research is needed to identify gender differences in the predictors of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, particularly among Veterans who are unstably housed. The objective of the present study was to explore whether correlates of suicide-related morbidity among unstably housed Veterans vary by gender and identify implications for improved care for these Veterans. The study cohort included 86,325 Veterans who reported current housing instability between October 1, 2013, and September 30, 2016. This cross-sectional study assessed differences in demographic and outcome variables by gender using χ2 analyses and a series of multiple logistic regressions predicting suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, stratified by gender. Among unstably housed female Veterans, being younger than 40 years was associated with more than double the odds of having an indicator of suicidal ideation and >12 times the odds of having an indicator of a suicide attempt. The effect sizes associated with age were much less pronounced among unstably housed male Veterans. The presence of mental health and substance use conditions as well as a positive screen for military sexual trauma were associated with increased risk of suicide morbidity among both women and men. Intervention and prevention among unstably housed Veterans may be complicated by unpredictable living situations; further research should explore tailored interventions to address the complex needs of unstably housed Veterans and how suicide prevention can be woven throughout.

Preditores de idealização suicida entre estudantes de medicina: uma revisão sistemática

INTRODUÇÃO: A idealização suicida é um dos primeiros sintomas indicativos do risco de tentativa de suicídio e suicídio. Segundo a OMS, cerca de 800 mil casos de suicídio foram relatados em 2014 no mundo, o que equivale a um índice de 1 suicídio a cada 40 segundos. Os estudantes de medicina se configuram como uma população de risco para o desenvolvimento de idealização suicida. Diversos fatores que circundam a vida destes estudantes podem influenciar no aumento de risco de idealização suicida, desde fatores intrínsecos a fatores acadêmicos, sociais e de saúde mental. OBJETIVO: Identificar os preditores de idealização suicida entre estudantes de medicina durante sua formação acadêmica. MÉTODOS: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed e BVS. Foram incluídos os artigos publicados do ano de 2008 até 2018 em português, inglês e espanhol cujo tema principal se referia a idealização suicida entre estudantes de medicina. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 263 artigos, dos quais 12 artigos passaram pelos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e, destes, após aplicação do STROBE, 6 foram selecionados para realização desta revisão sistemática. A prevalência de idealização suicida variou de 3,7% a 35,6% no mundo, sendo diversos fatores implicados no aumento deste fenômeno. CONCLUSÃO: A idealização suicida é um fenômeno frequente, complexo e multifatorial que envolve várias esferas da vida do estudante de medicina, aumentando seu risco a desenvolver idealização suicida.

Rural Status, Suicide Ideation, and Telemental Health: Risk Assessment in a Clinical Sample.

Individuals living in rural areas die by suicide at higher rates than those living in metropolitan areas. Telemental health interventions provide rural residing individuals with access to needed care. Identifying telemental health clients at risk for suicide is an important task for clinicians and policymakers. This study evaluated to what degree rural status and other demographic variables predicted suicide ideation in clients seeking services at a telemental health clinic. Study participants included 457 low-income clients residing in the medically underserved, geographically diverse Brazos Valley region of Texas. Clients completed the patient health questionnaire during their initial counseling appointment, which assessed depression severity and suicide ideation in the 2 weeks prior to assessment. Suicide ideation was common among telemental health clients, with approximately 40% of clients in all demographic groups reporting some recent thoughts of suicide. Rates of suicide ideation did not significantly differ by geographic designation (ie, rural/metropolitan status), gender, or race/ethnicity. However, depression was a strong predictor of recent suicide ideation. Telemental health programs can effectively connect clinicians with rural residing clients who are otherwise isolated from health care services. However, clinicians working in high-need, historically underserved areas should be prepared to encounter a high prevalence of suicide ideation and depression. In these regions, clinical and diagnostic features may be better indicators of suicide ideation than demographic variables.

Psychotic experiences as indicators of suicidal ideation in a non-clinical college sample

Suicide is a leading cause of preventable death. Epidemiological studies have shown strong associations between sub-threshold psychotic experiences and risk for suicidal ideation and behavior. Screens designed to assess psychotic experiences may have clinical utility in improving suicide prevention efforts. In the current study, we hypothesized that the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B) would reliably distinguish levels of suicidal ideation within a sample of college students (n=376). As predicted, PQ-B scores varied significantly across levels of suicidal ideation, both when treated as a raw count of sub-threshold psychotic experiences and when taking into account subjective distress associated with those symptoms. In addition, we explored the feasibility of developing a short screen based on the most discriminating items, finding that a six-item version of the PQ-B yielded higher accuracy for detecting elevated suicidal ideation over the full measure. The PQ-B has the potential for clinical utility in detecting groups that might be at increased risk for suicidal ideation.

Posttraumatic stress disorder diagnostic criteria and suicidal ideation in a South African Police sample

Exposure to traumatic events may precipitate suicidal ideation. Once an individual is diagnosed with PTSD, a suicide risk assessment often follows. This study explores how PTSD symptom criteria correlate with suicidal ideation in a sample of police officers. While the psychometric measures of PTSD often mirror the DSM-IV-TR criteria, focusing on exposure, symptom, and duration criteria, suicidal ideation measures often focus on concepts quite different from that. In this report the focus was on investigating how PTSD symptom criteria correlate with the suicidal ideation. A group of South African police officers (N = 217) were assessed by means of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale and a short version of the Adult Suicide Ideation Questionnaire. Linear and hierarchical regressions were used to determine which PTSD symptom criteria best predict suicidal ideation. Hyperarousal was the primary predictor of suicidal ideation (R(2) [adjusted] = 0.249). Intrusive thoughts added only marginally to the model, contributing a further 2.5% to the declared variance. The contributions of the other two symptom types were negligible. In this study hyperarousal correlated significantly with suicidal ideation. It is suggested that practitioners be alert to these symptoms as possible indicators of suicidal ideation. Implications for suicide risk assessment and prevention measures are discussed.

2211 – Are lifetime self-reported health (SRH), sleep difficulties, and negative affect correlates of suicidal ideation in pregnancy and postpartum?

Background Suicidality has a multifactorial determination and is clinically under-diagnosed. Self-reported poor health, negative affect and sleep difficulties are associated with psychological distress, including suicidality. Aim To analyze the association between lifetime SRH, sleep difficulties, negative affect (NA) and suicidal ideation in pregnancy (T0) and post-partum (T1) and if they are predictors of suicidal ideation. Methods 397 pregnant women completed the Portuguese version of POMS, PDSS and a set of items evaluating SRH, and sleep difficulties in the last trimester of pregnancy an three months of post-partum. Findings In pregnancy, suicidal ideation was significantly associated with lifetime SRH (p Conclusion Difficulties of initiating sleep should be considered an indicator of suicidal ideation during the perinatal period. However NA might explain this association.

P-1443 - Gender differences in the relationship between PTSD diagnostic criteria and suicidal ideation in a south african police sample

Exposure to traumatic events may precipitate suicidal ideation and previous research has shown that specific PTSD symptoms, particularly hyperarousal and intrusive thoughts, correlate with suicidal ideation. To test if gender-specific configurations of PTSD symptoms are predictive of suicidal ideation. To provide practitioners with gender-specific and refined PTSD symptom indicators that may precipitate suicidal behaviour. A male group (N = 161) and a female group (N = 56) of South African police officers were assessed by means of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale and a short version of the Adult Suicide Ideation Questionnaire. Linear and hierarchical regressions were used to determine which PTSD symptom criteria best predicted suicide ideation. Hyperarousal was the primary predictor of suicide ideation with males (R 2 [adjusted] = 0.249), with avoidance added only marginally (2.5%) to the model. For females intrusive thoughts was the primary predictor of suicide ideation (R 2 [adjusted] = 0.381), with general problems adding 7.4% to the variance declared in the model. In both cases the contributions of the remaining two symptom types were negligible. In this study hyperarousal (for males) and intrusive thoughts (for females) significantly correlated with suicide ideation and it is suggested that practitioners be alert to gender-specific symptom groupings as possible indicators of suicidal ideation. This has implications for suicide risk assessment and prevention measures.

Adolescent suicidal ideation: a comparison of incarcerated and school-based samples

The aim of this study was to investigate suicidal ideations and associated psychopathology in two groups of adolescents, a sample of detained youth and a general population sample. In both groups the comparisons of mental health characteristics between suicidal ideators and non-suicidal youth were conducted separately for girls and boys. The study sample consisted of 290 delinquent adolescents [228 boys and 62 girls] from three Flemish juvenile detention centers and 1,548 adolescents [811 boys and 737 girls] from an age-matched school-based sample. Both groups were administered the Social and Health Assessment [SAHA], a self-report survey investigating levels of psychopathology [internalizing and externalizing] and risk-taking behavior. Suicidal ideations during the past year were reported by 21.5% of detained males, compared to 6.7% in the general population. In females, 58.1% of detained individuals reported suicidal thoughts during the past year, compared to 14.4% of the general population. In girls and boys from the general population, both internalizing and externalizing problems were higher in suicidal ideators than in non-suicidal youth, while in the detention group mainly internalizing problems were higher in suicidal ideators. When comparing detention suicidal ideators with those from the general population, male suicidal ideators scored higher on delinquency, while detained female suicidal ideators also scored higher on posttraumatic stress, but lower on prosocial beliefs. Information used in this study was solely based on self-report measures only and limited to Flemish adolescents. Since suicidal ideation is a frequent problem in detained youth, adequate recognition and treatment seems clinically relevant. While both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology may be an indicator of suicidal ideation in the general population, internalizing problems may be the main clinical predictor in detained youth.

Suicidal Ideation

Suicidal ideation is an important risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, and early identification of the likely presence of self-harm cognitions would benefit clients and clinicians alike. This study examined the clinical utility of the Kessler K10 psychological distress score as an indicator of suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was assessed on the basis of four relevant questions contained in the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and these were subsequently analyzed against the K10 scores. The data were collected using a monthly risk-factor surveillance system where each month a representative random sample of South Australians over the age of 16 years is interviewed. The cumulative data covered the period 2002 to 2007 (n = 12,884). Psychological distress and suicidal ideation were reported by 9.9% and 5.1% of the participants, respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated a positive linear relationship between the K10 score and suicidal ideation. Participants scoring in the very high range of the K10 were more likely to report suicidal ideation and this was experienced with greater frequency than by those who were less distressed. A logistic regression analysis revealed that even those in the moderate category were four times more likely to experience suicidal ideation than those in the low category, and those in the high and very high categories were 21 and 77 times more likely, respectively. Separate models based on sex and using odds-ratios based on very high vs. low K10 scores showed that males were 104 times more likely to report suicidal ideation compared to a 63 times higher rate for females. Both sexes had a 52% probability of experiencing suicidal ideation if they fell into the very high distress group. The K10 score is a clinically useful indicator of the presence of suicidal ideation.

Thrombocytic serotonin concentration in depressed children and adolescents

This study pursued the question to what extent a correlation exists between the platelet serotonin concentration and depressive and/or suicidal behaviour in children and adolescents. Within a 16-month period, the platelet serotonin concentration was determined in all admitted inpatients (n = 145, age: 4 to 19 years) by means of fluorescent spectroscopy according to a standardised protocol. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed by administration of the DIKJ to a subset of patients. The different diagnostic groups were formed according to the criteria of the ICD-10. A decrease in the platelet serotonin concentration was found with increasing age. While platelet serotonin concentrations were higher in male patients than in females, the girls showed higher depression scores on the DIKJ. A negative correlation existed between the platelet serotonin concentration and the degree of depression measured on the DIKJ in all diagnostic groups. Independent of the clinical diagnosis significantly lower concentrations of platelet serotonin were found in children and adolescents who had attempted suicide immediately before admission to hospital. The same is true for the group of depressive disorders, with a subgroup of patients who had attempted suicide shortly before also showing significantly lower concentrations of platelet serotonin. The present investigation supports the contention that depression in childhood and adolescence is related to a lack of serotonin in platelets, respectively, analogous to the platelet model, to a lack of serotonin in central structures, and that a relative serotonin deficiency could thus be an indicator of suicidal ideation.

Psychological and social indicators of suicide ideation and suicide attempts in Zuni adolescents.

Suicide behavior is a significant problem for many American Indian populations, often more so than in the general population, but little tribal-specific data available. In this study, baseline data on the correlates of suicide ideation and the social and psychological differences between suicide attempters and nonattempters were collected on a sample of 84 Zuni adolescents. Results show significant correlations between a measure of suicide ideation and past suicide attempt behavior, drug use, depression, hopelessness, stress, psychological symptomatology, social support, liking for school, and interpersonal communication. Significant differences between the 30% of the students who reported having previously attempted suicide and the nonattempters were also found on these measures. Areas for education and prevention efforts are suggested.

An indicator of suicidal ideation on the Rorschach Test.

(1963). An Indicator of Suicidal Ideation on the Rorschach Test. Journal of Projective Techniques and Personality Assessment: Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 332-335.