Indicators Of Socio-economic Development Research Articles

Revisiting COVID-19 Maps with Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling: Socioeconomic Insights from Istanbul

Abstract Objectives This study explores the spatial disparities in COVID-19 incidence across neighborhoods in Uskudar, Istanbul, and examines the relationship between these disparities and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status. Methods This ecological study analyzed cumulative COVID-19 case data for 33 neighborhoods in Uskudar, collected up to 31 December 2020. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the Socioeconomic Development Index (SEDI) scores from Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Spatial analysis included Moran’s I statistics and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) cluster analysis. Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling with the Besag-York-Mollie (BYM) model was employed to decompose spatially structured and unstructured variations, adjusting for SEDI scores and their sub-components. Model validation involved convergence diagnostics and Monte Carlo error assessments. Results A total of 29,834 COVID-19 cases were identified, with an incidence rate of 56.1 per 1000 residents. Spatial analysis revealed significant clustering of high incidence rates in peripheral and inner city neighborhoods. Moran’s I statistic for COVID-19 incidence was 0.331 (p = 0.003), indicating positive spatial autocorrelation. SEDI scores were also spatially autocorrelated (Moran’s I = 0.293; p = 0.005) and negatively correlated with COVID-19 incidence (r = -0.570; p = 0.001). Bayesian hierarchical models confirmed the association between lower socioeconomic status and higher COVID-19 incidence, even after adjusting for spatial autocorrelation. Conclusions The study highlights significant spatial and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 incidence in Uskudar, Istanbul. Lower socioeconomic status is associated with higher COVID-19 incidence, underscoring the need for region-specific public health strategies that consider socioeconomic factors. These findings can guide future interventions to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on vulnerable populations. Key messages • Study reveals COVID-19 incidence in Uskudar is significantly influenced by socioeconomic status, highlighting need for targeted health interventions. • Positive spatial autocorrelation found in COVID-19 cases and socioeconomic index suggests clustering in specific Uskudar neighborhoods.

Effects of Microcredit on Socio-Economic Development Indicators: A Study of Ansar-VDP Unnayan Bank Beneficiaries in Bangladesh

Effects of Microcredit on Socio-Economic Development Indicators: A Study of Ansar-VDP Unnayan Bank Beneficiaries in Bangladesh

Global Trends and Inequalities of Liver Complications Related to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: An Analysis From 1990 to 2021.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is a significant driver of the increasing global burden of chronic liver disease. This study aimed to describe the temporal trends and inequalities of liver complications related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (LC-MASLD) by geographical region, age and sex during 1990-2021. Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021 data were analysed to assess LC-MASLD incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Temporal trends during 1990-2021 were measured by 'estimated annual percentage change' (EAPC). Inequalities of LC-MASLD burden across countries were evaluated by the slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative concentration index (RCI). During 1990-2021, LC-MASLD rose annually by 0.73% in incidence and prevalence, 0.19% in mortality and 0.16% in DALYs. In 2021, the Middle East and North Africa had the highest incidence and prevalence and Andean and Central Latin America had the highest mortality and DALY rates. While LC-MASLD incidence was earliest in the 15-19 age group, both prevalence and DALY rates peaked at 75-79 years for both sexes. Inequalities in mortality and DALYs by countries' socioeconomic development index increased during 1990-2021, demonstrated by a decline in SII from -0.09 to -0.56 per 100 000 for mortality and from 1.41 to -7.74 per 100 000 for DALYs. RCI demonstrated similar findings. The LC-MASLD burden is increasing globally, especially in economically disadvantaged countries, with widening disease inequalities during 1990-2021. Effective prevention and subregional interventions are crucial, with a specific focus on resource optimisation for disadvantaged populations.

A Small Macro Econometrıc Model of Azerbaıjan Economy

In the presented article, the construction of the Macroeconometric model for short- and medium-term forecasting of indicators of socio-economic development in the economy of Azerbaijan has been carried out. The model consists of 64 variables (41 endogenous, 23 exogenous) and 41 equations, built in four blocks (national income account, deflators, balance of payments and public finance). The database of the model is formed in four parts, covering the years 1995-2017 on an annual basis, including national income account, deflators, balance of payments and public finance. The development of the database was carried out together with the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan (SSC) in full compliance with UN standards. The methodology used includes time series stationarity tests, ARIMA models, vector error correction models and other econometric methods. As a result, a compact macroeconometric model for the economy of Azerbaijan was established. Based on the model, predictions were processed in the short-term scientific research approach and compared with the actual results.

Double burden of malnutrition in 115 Latin American cities: An ecological analysis

AbstractBackgroundUsing harmonized aggregated data on health and socioeconomic environments in Latin American cities (from the Salud Urbana en América Latina (SALURBAL) study), we assessed the association of city‐level contextual factors with the prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in urban settings.MethodsThis ecological study used aggregated survey data from 115 Latin American cities within five countries (Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru) collected between 2008 and 2016. DBM was defined as the coexistence of stunting in children under 5 years and overweight/obesity among adult women at the city‐level. We ran ordinal logistic regression models to examine macrolevel contextual factors that might explain the city‐level DBM. Independent variables were city‐level socioeconomic development index, women educational attainment and women labor force.ResultsOut of 115 Latin American cities, 19 cities from five countries were experiencing a moderate to high burden of stunting and simultaneously a very high burden of overweight/obesity in adult women. All cities had overweight/obesity prevalence above 40%. A poor social environment, higher levels of women education and greater women labor force at the city level were associated with greater levels of DBM.ConclusionSome Latin American cities are still facing moderate and high DBM, while all cities are experiencing an alarming high burden of overweight/obesity. Social macro‐level factors such as poor social environment, high women education and high women labor force were associated with the coexistence of stunting in children and overweight/obesity in adult women.

Causes of occurrence and ways of combating violations of customs rules

Violations of customs regulations by subjects of foreign economic activity and the smuggling of goods are pressing issues for the socio-economic development of Ukraine. The purpose of the article was to investigate the main causes of smuggling and to develop ways to prevent violations of customs regulations. The work analyses the statistics of customs violations and the volumes of smuggling, which are one of the factors in the significant shortfall of tax revenues to the budget. The method of generalisation was used to summarise the results of a survey by the Institute of Economic Research and Policy Consulting of foreign economic activity subjects regarding the impact of “grey import” problems and smuggling on their performance indicators. Using the chronological method and the analysis method, the chronological changes in the objects of smuggling were analysed according to criminal law, which affects the directions of customs authorities’ work in the customs control process. The study summarises the foreign experience of criminal liability for smuggling, indicating more severe punitive measures than in Ukraine. The volumes of cigarette smuggling and the budget revenue losses from such smuggling were analysed using the statistical method. The results of the analysis indicate that the volume of cigarette smuggling in Ukraine is one of the largest in Europe. The causes of smuggling are identified and can be divided into those related to the activities of customs authorities and those related to the legislative and executive bodies of Ukraine. The main ways to counter smuggling and reduce violations of customs regulations are substantiated, which should be systematic and comprehensive and not only involve the control function of customs authorities but also improve the socio-economic development indicators of the state. The practical significance of the results lies in summarising the causes of smuggling and customs regulation violations and developing proposals for their prevention, which can be used in the work of customs authorities and in the implementation of the strategic goals of the National Income Strategy

Evaluating the influence of COVID-19 pandemic on socioeconomic development in Wumeng Mountain area based on multi-source remote sensing data

ABSTRACT Assessing the socioeconomic development of rural areas is important for the targeted implementation of rural revitalization in China, especially after three years of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. However, the influence of COVID-19 on socioeconomic development in rural areas remains unclear. Therefore, this paper constructed a comprehensive socioeconomic development index (SEDI) by considering county-level statistics on natural environment, social resources, and economy as proxies for assessing local socioeconomic development, and analyzed the influence of COVID-19 from the changing pattern of SEDI before and after COVID-19, with Wumeng Mountain (WM) area as the study case. In response to the absence and untimeliness of statistics, we employed both nighttime light (NTL) and land use/land cover (LULC) features to fill in these missing SEDIs from 2013 to 2022, using random forest regression. With the assistance of LULC, the overall R2 increased from 0.7763 to 0.9056, and the estimation accuracy improved in 36 out of 38 counties. All counties in WM experienced an increase in SEDI, and the growth rate did not slow down, proving the effective implementation of rural revitalization strategy. Also, the spatial clustering pattern remained relatively stable. These findings provide scientific foundations for the local government to assess comprehensive development and formulate policies.

Government Management for Sustainable Economic Development and Innovation

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze whether efficient and effective government management promotes sustainable economic growth and innovation. It seeks to understand how the income generated through GDP per capita is related to the effectiveness and efficiency with which the government of the State of Nayarit performs. Theoretical Framework: Effective and efficient government management, which uses innovative technologies to improve public administration, is the basis of the research. The relevance of economic diversification for resilience to external events is highlighted, based on the endogenous growth theory, which emphasizes the role of innovation and human capital in economic development. Transparency and citizen participation, which are fundamental for a modern and effective government, are promoted by open government innovation. Method: A non-experimental research of quantitative type was established, in which information was collected on the study variables (Hernández et al., 2014). Subsequently, a correlational type of research was conducted, considering four socioeconomic development indicators of the Mexican Institute for Competitiveness A.C. The research was conducted in Nayarit, Mexico, considering the periods from 2021 to 2023. Subsequently, Spearman's Rho correlation was performed because the Shapiro-Wilk normality test did not meet the normality assumption. Results and Discussion: The findings reveal important relationships and implications in the theory of efficient and effective government administration; first, it shows that improvements in tax collection efficiency are directly related to economic growth and diversification in Nayarit, Mexico. On the other hand, economic growth is driven by internal factors such as investment in human capital and innovation, further suggesting that greater economic complexity can lead to lower own revenues and ultimately to a lack of technological infrastructure or adequate public policies. Implications of the research: The practical and theoretical implications of this study highlight the importance of efficient and strategic government management, the need for economic diversification policies, and the re-evaluation of economic theory in specific contexts. The differences and limitations observed suggest areas for future research and improvements in data collection. Originality/Value: The present research contributes to the line of public administration and economic development, since the results found motivate the generation of sustainable growth and economic diversification policies. The above, adds to the content on state level income and GDP, in this particular case to the state of Nayarit, Mexico.

Association of food insecurity with MASLD prevalence and liver-related mortality

BackgroundThe burden of MASLD is growing across the globe. This study explores association of food insecurity with MASLD prevalence and liver-related mortality (LRM) across the globe. MethodsThe study combines United Nations’ country-level food security data with the MASLD data from Global Burden of Disease-2021. Mixed-effects linear regression (MELR) models, accounting for country-level random effects, were used to assess associations of food security indicators with MASLD prevalence and LRM. The analyses were performed according to each country’s Socioeconomic Development Index (SDI) status. ResultsIn 2021, the median prevalence and LRM of MASLD across 204 countries was 21.77% (14.14%-48.18%) and 2.92 per 100,000 (0.42-10.79) with the highest MASLD prevalence located in North Africa & Middle East (41.70%) and the lowest prevalence in high-income countries (17.31%). After adjustments for age, gender and SDI, higher MASLD prevalence was associated with increasing rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and low physical activity (p<0.001). When analyses were performed based on SDI status, divergent patterns of MASLD prevalence were observed. In high SDI countries (socioeconomically more developed), MASLD prevalence was significantly higher in those in the top tertile of food insecurity as compared to the bottom tertile (mean, 26.73% vs. 18.87%, p=0.0001). In contrast, in low SDI countries (socioeconomically less developed), the opposite was true (19.45% vs. 24.96%, p=0.0008). MASLD-LRM was associated with older age, obesity, and metabolic risks (p<0.001). ConclusionsAnd Relevance: MASLD prevalence and LRM exhibit significant geographical variability across the globe which can be influenced by clinic-demographic, and food insecurity. Targeted public health strategies which considers socio-economic realities of each region are essential for mitigating the global burden of MASLD.

Investigation of the Relationship between Women Indicators and Socio-Economic Development Index using Spatial Econometrics Models

Investigation of the Relationship between Women Indicators and Socio-Economic Development Index using Spatial Econometrics Models

The Global Burden of Gynecological Diseases from 1990 to 2019

IntroductionGynecological diseases ranked second among new cases of noncommunicable diseases in women of reproductive age in 1990 and 2019 globally. The aim of this study was to estimate the disease burden of gynecological diseases and describe their trends in women of all ages from 1990 to 2019. MethodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD 2019), we examined the incidence, disability–adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths from gynecological diseases by age in 204 countries and territories worldwide from 1990 to 2019. Analyses were conducted in 2022. ResultsGlobally, the age–standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age–standardized DALY rate (ASDR) of gynecological diseases decreased by –0.176 % and –0.245 %, respectively from 1990 to 2019. Low socioeconomic development index (SDI) countries had the highest ASIR and ASDR in 2019. The age-specific incidence rate of gynecological diseases in women aged 15–29 years increased from 1990 to 2019, and the 20–24-year age group increased the greatest by 0.21%. Polycystic ovary syndrome and other types of benign disorders contributed to the major increase. ConclusionsAlthough the disease burden of gynecological diseases decreased slightly between 1990 and 2019 globally, it remained highest in low SDI countries. The disease burden in 20–24-year age group exhibited the fastest growth, with polycystic ovary syndrome and other types of benign disorders playing a significant role. Urgent and effective measures should be taken to target different age groups, types of gynecological disease and regions with high disease burdens.

ANALYSIS OF UKRAINE’S COMPETITIVENESS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The article analyzes the competitiveness of Ukraine, identifies problems and outlines the prospects and consequences of the country’s European integration aspirations. A retrospective review of the development of the country’s economic model was conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of reforms and identify errors that affected the place and role of the domestic economy in the world markets of goods and capital. This made it possible to single out certain comparative characteristics with the main theories of international trade and international investment. It was noted that unsuccessful attempts to quickly transform from a command-administrative economy to a mixed market system led to a loss of industrial potential and, accordingly, negatively affected the structure of foreign trade relations and the investment climate, which in turn led to a drop in the level of competitiveness of Ukraine. Along with this, the analysis of the key indicators of socio-economic development indicates certain positive changes in the period 2002-2012, which was reflected in the dynamics of GDP growth, an increase in incoming investment flows, stabilization of inflation at the targeted level and overall improved welfare of society. However, the uncertainty and constant change of the vector of economic integration together with the change of power led to the deterioration of the state’s economic condition and made sustainable economic growth impossible. The period of revival of business and investment activity in the post-Covid 2021 year was replaced by a deep crisis with the beginning of the war. At the same time, the aspiration of our state to join the European community nevertheless gave a powerful impetus to the implementation and implementation of innovative reforms, which made it possible to achieve certain success in the direction of digitalization, infrastructure development, and further implementation of educational, medical, and social reforms even during the conduct of military operations. Currently, on the way to European integration, Ukraine is overcoming the difficult path of transforming its economic system to the requirements and values of the EU. Our country, together with the European Union, needs to solve the issues of labor migration and refugees, the introduction of a duty-free regime for domestic goods, the creation of a safe investment climate, etc. And there is not always unity in the choice of tools for solving these issues in the EU countries. Ukraine needs to use its advantages in logistics, geographical location, labor and natural resources, develop an industrial direction, introduce modern technologies, improve its energy independence and take an active part in integration processes. Finding compromises and political will allow Ukraine to successfully reform the socio-economic model and become a full member of the EU.

Far-Right Extremism, Elections and Hate Crime: A Temporal Evaluation of Bias-Motivated Violence in Slovakia

Abstract The present study provides an initial attempt to assess the impact of extremist right electoral support on racially motivated and extremist violent crime rates across Slovak regions. We transcend previous research by examining associations between national and regional elections, immigration rates, vote-shares, and violent hate crime rates utilizing temporal statistics on racially motivated and extremist violent crimes, which are linked with data on support for nationalist parties and on indicators of socio-economic development. Results illustrate that extreme right parties matter, such that the higher their electoral vote-shares, the higher the violent hate crime incidence and victimization rates. We, also, find that high immigration rates strengthen the effect of electoral vote-shares on bias crime in Slovakia.

Инновационный потенциал регионов арктической зоны Российской Федерации: состояние и пространственная дифференциация

The article considers the components of the innovation potential of Russian regions that are fully or partially included in the Arctic zone. The purpose of the article is to analyze and evaluate the state and dynamics of innovative development of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The methodology for calculating the composite index of innovative development is proposed. The calculations are made on the basis of the database formed by the authors, which consists of four blocks; the main conclusions on the blocks are formed. According to the composite index for the period 20152021, the leading positions are occupied by the Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Komi Republic, and the Republics of Karelia, Sakha (Yakutia) and Komi in terms of the index growth rate. The study of the state, dynamics and level of innovation development in the regions of the AZRF shows that some components of innovation potential are unevenly developed in the regions that are fully or partially included in the AZRF. At the same time, the regions differ in the dynamics of innovative development. Thus, the worst indicators of innovative development in accordance with the proposed methodology are observed in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Chukotka and Nenets Autonomous okrugs. The high correlation between the composite index of innovative development and indicators of socio-economic development of the regions revealed by the authors characterizes the positive impact of innovation activity on the socio-economic development of the AZRF subjects. In this regard, the key recommendations are the following: improvement of legislative support for the formation of eco-industrial, tourist zones, innovation sites and cluster formations in the Arctic territory within the framework of testing new formats of economic intensification of the Russian Arctic regions; formation of a macro-regional register of suppliers of innovative products for the projects of residents of the AZRF with the distribution of preferential measures of a special economic and administrative regime. The prospects of the research are related to the study of critical vulnerabilities in the production and technological processes of the sectors of specialization of the Arctic regions in import substitution.

Formation of an effective social policy at domestic enterprises in conditions of uncertainty

Methods. The article is based on the use of such research methods as: scientific abstraction – when defining the essence of the concept of «enterprise social policy»; system analysis in terms of the application of the decomposition of elements – when distinguishing the components of the construction of social policy at the enterprise; general and specific – when establishing the relationship between the social policy of the state and the social policy of the enterprise; statistical methods – when analyzing income under social protection schemes in Ukraine for the period 2018–2022. Results. The analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of the concept of «social policy of the enterprise» was carried out, and the author’s vision of its essence was proposed. The levels of social policy implementation by economic entities were identified and its functions at each of the levels were distinguished. The structure of the social policy at the enterprise is considered and the following directions are singled out: employment policy, income policy, policy of cooperation between employers and trade unions, policy of social security and social protection, policy of improving the quality of employees, working life, etc. The interdependence between the social policy of the state and the social policy of the enterprise was established, its connection with the socio-economic indicators of business development was demonstrated, and it was proved that it is the basis for an active policy of developing the intellectual potential of the enterprise. The analysis of financial income under schemes of social protection of the population in Ukraine for the period 2018–2022 was carried out, as well as a detailed analysis of the types of income that form the basis for ensuring social protection of the population in 2022. Novelty. The author’s definition of the concept of «enterprise social policy» is provided, namely: it is presented as management of the process of providing social services and creating appropriate conditions for employees of enterprises and their families, motivating and increasing the effectiveness of their innovative and creative abilities, with the aim of forming adaptive and progressive development business entities and the state. A model of social policy formation as a basis for the development of intellectual potential at the enterprise is proposed. Practical value. Based on the data of the analysis, it was determined that the social policy of the domestic enterprise is part of the social policy of the state, and therefore is in close interdependence with the directions of its implementation at the national level of the functioning of the economy. That is why the attention of the management of enterprises to the activities of the state in the social sphere, which is discussed in this article, can contribute to the formation of more real social orientations of business.

MAJOR FEATURES OF MANAGING SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION IN CRISIS CONDITIONS

The global crises that the Russian economy has to face contribute not only to the destruction of traditional trade, economic and logistics ties, but also to improving the quality of state strategic management. The macroeconomic situation develops in such a way that centralized planning and regulation of socio-economic processes becomes a tangible advantage and can produce high effect both in the long term and in tactical perspective. The advantages will be given to those subjects of the Russian Federation whose management will be carried out on the basis of a system of balanced measures to support reproductive processes, a reasonable redistribution of financial, economic and human resources and comprehensive programs aimed at overcoming interrelated constraints. The article presents an overview of scientific and theoretical approaches to managing socio-economic development of regions, taking into account spatial and territorial features of the organization of economic activity and current global trends. The trends of socio-economic development of the Sverdlovsk region and the peculiarities of regional management in conditions of increasing crisis pressure are considered. The purpose of the article is to develop an algorithm for crisis management of the region, taking into account the state and prospects of economic development. The authors argue that governance in the region is characterized by specific characteristics, the main task of which is to ensure stable socio-economic development, regardless of the influence of negative factors of an economic, political or social nature using effective tools that proactively affect problems and constraints. The authors determine the necessity to identify the factors contributing to the development of crisis situation in the region, which will significantly improve the quality of program development according to industry and subject criteria. The analysis of socioeconomic indicators of the region's development allowed us to draw conclusions concerning the effectiveness of targeted support by industry and subject criteria, which is currently widely used in Russia.

Key forecasts and prospects for green transition in the region of Central Asia beyond 2022

BackgroundThe transition to energy-sustainable systems is a globally accepted concept, but it is implemented with various degrees of success around the world. The aim of this paper is to determine the status of green transition in five Central Asian countries (Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and the Kyrgyz Republic) that are among the highest energy consumers globally and the most vulnerable to climate change. Despite a notable improvement in living conditions across all countries over the past two decades, the region remains underdeveloped. Economic growth is based on the export of natural resources and remittance inflows, but the structure of the economy is monolithic.Main findingsUpon analysing transition indicators for the period 2000–2020, no evidence of significant changes towards a sustainable energy transition is found. All countries in the region (except Uzbekistan) have recorded an increase in carbon emissions, while the carbon intensity of the energy mix is almost the same. While there has been visible progress in reducing energy intensity, the countries in the region remain among the most energy-intensive economies. Despite the region’s substantial potential for renewable energy production, it remains underutilized.ConclusionsA multitude of varied problems accompanies the green transition in Central Asian countries. The energy market that has not yet been liberalised, along with significant subsidies and low energy tariffs, discourages investments in renewable energy sources and energy efficiency initiatives. A high level of corruption, rigid legislative and institutional infrastructure, and insufficient capital are additional factors that determine the speed, scope, and effectiveness of the green transition. Thus far, the primary focus in these countries has been on ensuring energy security. However, there has been a discernible surge in investments (particularly from China) in renewable energy projects. Although energy efficiency and climate change issues are formally defined, the energy transition goals are often declarative without an action plan that provides concrete steps in transition process. Strategic planing of economic development that includes all related sectors (not only the energy sector) and paying attention to socio-economic and environmental indicators of sustainable development are prerequisites for successfully implementating the energy transition in these countries.

Impact of the genomic signature of 70-genes for breast cancer in the public system and in supplementary health care in a country of medium socioeconomic development

IntroductionThe financial impact of breast cancer has been discussed due to its high incidence and the increased costs of systemic therapy and is even more relevant in countries with low and medium socioeconomic development. ObjectiveTo evaluate the financial viability of using the MammaPrint™ (MP) genetic signature in a public and private system in a country with a medium socioeconomic development index. Material and methodA pharmacoeconomic trial with a cost-benefit analysis evaluating the reduction in costs of chemotherapy, support drugs, and materials used during chemotherapy infusion in high-risk hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer patients submitted to analysis using the MammaPrint™ genetic signature. ResultsThe value of using MammaPrint™ in the Unified Health System (SUS) would bring an additional cost of US$ 1,334.56 per patient in the over-50 age group. In private medicine, the use of MammaPrint™ in the same population would result in cost savings ranging from US$ 2,422.53 to US$ 9,989.95 per patient. ConclusionThe use of MP in RH + breast cancer patients with high clinical risk and low genomic risk in Brazil leads to significant savings in resources when applied to supplementary healthcare. In the SUS, reducing the costs of MP for large-scale use could make its application viable. These values need to be re-evaluated in each institution, using the methodology applied in the trial, adjusting according to costs, to obtain a result that reflects its reality.

ІННОВАЦІЙНІСТЬ ТА ПЕРЕДОВІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В УКРАЇНІ ТА КРАЇНАХ СВІТУ

The article examines the leading indicators of socio-economic development of individual countries, including the share of GDP of individual countries in the world GDP, the share of the country's population in the world population, GDP per capita, and expenditures on R&amp;D. It was determined that a larger share of GDP per capita allows for an increase in gross domestic spending on R&amp;D, % of GDP. Ukraine has the lowest gross domestic expenditure on R&amp;D compared to the analyzed countries, only 0.29% of GDP. While for China, this indicator is equal to 2.433%, for Hungary – 1.642%, and for Germany – 3.129%. A comparison of the position of Ukraine according to the components of the Global Innovation Index, which corresponded to other countries at different stages of economic development, made it possible to obtain the following results. First, Ukraine needs to catch up in all components with developed countries. Second, Ukraine can compete on the components of the innovation index with some newly industrialized nations, such as Mexico and South Africa. Third, Ukraine dominates the least developed countries in the components of the Global Innovation Index. Also, we analyzed the opportunities for frontier technologies in Ukraine and other countries. According to this index, Ukraine ranks 58th among 166 countries surveyed. The five countries, including the United States of America, Sweden, Singapore, Switzerland, and the Netherlands, are leaders. China took 35th place. According to the components of this index, Ukraine already has a good position in terms of information and communication technologies and skills – however, R&amp;D, industry, and finance remain weaknesses. So, during the study, "bottlenecks" were identified. Insufficient support for R&amp;D and low costs restrain the innovative development of Ukraine.

Роль политических институтов в экономическом развитии Юга России в условиях новой реальности

Introduction. Ineffective resolution of economic problems by political institutions can jeopardize a country’s technological sovereignty in the face of existing geopolitical challenges. The purpose of the article is to identify areas for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of political institutions from the point of view of ensuring the economic security of the southern Russian regions, considering the challenges of socio-economic development that exist for them. Methodology and methods. This study centers on the Southern Federal District, which acts as an administrative entity responsible for implementing regional-level economic policies. The research utilized content analysis of scientific publications and comparative analysis of regional socio-economic indicators of economic development as part of implementing economic policy. The method for analyzing the influence of political institutions on economic development was based on the principle of balancing the combination of tactical and strategic decisions in assessing the effectiveness of implemented measures and was based on the basic principles of the theory of factors of production. Analysis. An analysis of the results of the economic policy pursued in the southern Russian regions showed that a relatively high level of resistance to sanctions challenges is ensured mainly by the export capabilities of agricultural products. However, the continued high level of import dependence on production increases the risk of conflict over the use of production factors between exportoriented companies and companies oriented to the domestic market, which creates significant threats to the implementation of national growth models. The turn of state economic policy towards the global East and South poses the tasks of the authorities of the southern Russian regions to develop transport infrastructure, as well as state support for companies participating in the construction of new production and supply chains. At the same time, increasing migration flows from border areas requires solving the problem of ensuring the socio-economic well-being of both the people moving and the host community. Results. It was found that the existing political risks to the economic development of southern Russian regions are associated with a lack of balance between the political decisions made and the strategic objectives of achieving technological sovereignty. It is concluded that the conditions of modern economic reality require economic and political mobilization to achieve value consensus and consolidation in society in order to solve the problems of economic development, implemented through the responsibility and patriotic position of political and economic elites at all levels of government. Authors’ contribution. I.V. Mitrofanova: development and justification of the concept; interpretation and synthesis of research results; O.A. Chernova: formation of methodology; development of research design; content analysis; formulation of conclusions.