Psychological Well-Being Index Research Articles

Psychometric properties of the Quiet Ego Scale (iQES) within the Italian cultural context

IntroductionThe quiet ego indicates a more compassionate conception of self-identity that integrates others into the self by lowering the intensity of the ego and enhancing the awareness of the present moment. The Quiet Ego Scale (QES) is a 14-item self-report measure of quiet ego, and it is composed of the following four psychological domains: detached awareness, inclusive identity, perspective taking, and growth. The present study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Quiet Ego Scale within the Italian cultural context (iQES).MethodsA total of 160 Italian university students aged between 20 and 42 years, with a mean age of 22.85 years (SD = 3.41), completed the measures of the iQES and of other psychological dimensions. The psychometrics properties of iQES were assessed based on its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity through comparisons with other correlated psychological measures.ResultsAnalyses confirmed the psychometrics properties of iQES. As in previous studies, the quiet ego was positively associated with the indicators of resilience (p < 0.01), happiness (p < 0.05), self-esteem (p < 0.01), and psychological wellbeing (p < 0.01).DiscussionThe study discussed the possible uses of the iQES in the field of mental health, specifically focusing on improving adherence to psychological therapies and enhancing psychological and social well-being. The results indicated strong psychometric properties of the iQES in measuring the quiet ego construct. Our findings enrich the literature on the validity of the iQES and highlight the multidimensional nature of the quiet ego construct.

Student's Gender Differences in Stress Management Through Communication

The aim of the article is to determine the specifics of optimizing the stress management of boys and girls during the student period through communicative training. The reliable data were obtained through valid and reliable test methods, and a formative experiment was planned and conducted. The results of the formative experiment indicate the moderate effectiveness of the developed communicative training programme for making stress management in student age more effective. Significant gender differences in stress management strategies and consequences of the impact of the training programme were identified. The girls are more focused on the strategy of actively overcoming the problem, planning a solution to the problem, and looking for social support. The boys are more focused on self-control, distancing, positive reassessment of the situation. Indicators of psychological well-being are higher among the boys compared to the girls. The training programme proved effective for the girls in building stress resistance, self-control, acceptance of responsibility, and psychological well-being. For boys, the most effective formative influence was based on self-control, search for social support, and the escape coping strategy. The study results can be used to optimize psychological assistance and the educational process at the student age.

The psychological well-being index and quality of life after a cardiac rehabilitation program based on aerobic training and psychosocial support

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the physical and psychological benefits of an alternative cardiac rehabilitation program based on therapeutic groups during physical exercise sessions and to compare the results with those of a conventional cardiac rehabilitation program. MethodThe sample included 112 patients from the cardiac rehabilitation unit of a medical center, 91.1 % of whom were male. The control group consisted of 47 subjects, with a mean age of 57.89 ± 12.30 and the experimental group consisted of 65 subjects, with a mean age of M = 58.38 ± 9.86. Quality of life, psychological well-being, health-related quality of life, body mass index, blood pressure, abdominal circumference and resting heart rate were measured before starting and at the end of the cardiac rehabilitation program. ResultsThe experimental group improved significantly more than the control group in body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, abdominal circumference, and resting heart rate (p value < 0.005). In addition, the experimental group had significantly greater improvements in quality of life, psychological well-being, and health-related quality of life than the control group (p-value < 0.001). ConclusionsA cardiac rehabilitation program based on simultaneous aerobic training and psychosocial support improved the physical function, health-related quality of life and well-being.

Effects of Receiving Pain-Related Support on Psychological Well-Being: The Moderating Roles of Emotional Responses to Support.

We investigated whether receiving greater pain-related instrumental support is associated with poorer psychological well-being among chronic pain patients who report less positive (e.g., grateful) or more negative (e.g., angry) emotional responses to support. We conducted regression analyses, utilizing data from two waves of interviews with 152 knee osteoarthritis patients. Three indicators of psychological well-being were examined: depressive symptoms, positive affect, and negative affect. Receiving greater support was associated with poorer psychological well-being at baseline, as well as higher depressive symptoms and negative affect at the 18-month follow-up, only among patients with low positive emotional responses to support. Furthermore, receiving greater support was related to poorer psychological well-being at baseline only among patients with high negative emotional responses to support. Care recipients' less positive emotional responses to support may be a risk factor for poorer psychological well-being in both the short- and long-term, when receiving greater support.

The Impact of Psychological Health on Childhood Obesity: A Cross-Developmental Stage Analysis

This research ventures into the critical public health challenge of childhood obesity by exploring the dynamic interplay between psychological well-being and Body Mass Index (BMI) throughout various developmental stages of childhood. It delves into how emotional regulation, attachment dynamics, and social relationships correlate with obesity from early childhood to adolescence. Highlighting key findings, such as the negative correlation between psychological resilience and higher BMI in young children, the impact of social relationships on obesity risk during pre-adolescence, and the link between adaptive emotional strategies and higher BMI in adolescents, this study brings to the fore the nuanced relationship between psychological factors and obesity. Psychological metrics in this study were obtained via referenced questionnaires, leading up to the utilization of the interdisciplinary process of bioinformatics. Utilizing the interdisciplinary process of bioinformatics, this research synergizes psychometric and biomedical data to unearth psychological markers critical for crafting targeted, age-appropriate interventions. This study advocates for a holistic healthcare approach, emphasizing the integration of psychological support within obesity prevention and management strategies, thereby underscoring the indispensable role of psychological factors in the fight against childhood obesity. The application of bioinformatics methods to analyze complex datasets demonstrates how collaboration across medical specialties can enrich our understanding and response to childhood obesity, contributing significantly to the development of comprehensive, bioinformatics-enhanced healthcare solutions.

Associations between muscular strength and mental health in cognitively normal older adults: a cross-sectional study from the AGUEDA trial

Associations between muscular strength and mental health in cognitively normal older adults: a cross-sectional study from the AGUEDA trial

Personality and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic was a health crisis eliciting a variety of stressors, leading to reductions in well-being worldwide. Personality traits are among the key factors determining how individuals respond to adversity and disasters. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between a wide range of personality characteristics and different indicators of psychological well-being in Turkish university undergraduates during the first lockdown of the pandemic. The data were collected through an online cross-sectional survey. Zero-order correlations in the analysis demonstrated higher resilience, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness related to higher well-being, whereas neuroticism and attachment anxiety were related to lower well-being. The results of the multivariate regression analysis with the personality characteristics within the study showed that resilience was consistently and strongly associated with better psychological well-being. Neuroticism was related positively to depression and anxiety symptoms and negative affect but unrelated to positive affect. High self-control was linked to a more positive affect and less negative affect. Our findings illustrated personality’s potential adaptive and maladaptive effects on reported mental health during the pandemic. The findings are discussed to shed light on future studies regarding the connection between personality traits and life events.

Phenomenon of Psychological Well-Being in the Context of Medical Students’ Satisfaction with Educational Activities

Introduction. Preservation and strengthening of mental and psychological health of students is one of the priority tasks of development of modern professional education in Russia. However, the recent studies into psychological well-being of medical students have shown an average and low level of its formation. The discovered problem is complicated by the lack of studies that would show the relationship between the peculiarities of the organization of the university educational environment and the satisfaction with the learning activities of students. This is important for the development and practical realization of optimal conditions for the formation of psychological well-being of medical university students. The aim of the study is to determine the specifics of the state of psychological well-being of medical university students in connection with the level of their satisfaction with learning. Materials and Methods. First, second and fifth-year medical students participated in the servey. The following diagnostic tools were used: “Scale of psychological well-being” (K. Riff) and “Questionnaire of satisfaction with educational activities” (L. V. Mishchenko). The analysis of the results of the study revealed statistically significant correlations between the scales of satisfaction with the educational activities of medical university students and their psychological well-being. Results. The analysis of the results of the study revealed statistically significant correlations between the scales of satisfaction with learning activities of medical students and their psychological well-being. Second-year students demonstrated high indicators of psychological well-being, the lowest ones were found in fifth-year students. The obtained results create prerequisites for comprehension of the process of optimizing the educational environment of medical school, focused on the preservation and promotion of mental health of students. Discussion and Conclusion. The conclusions of this study can be useful for the management corps of the university in order to develop and implement optimal psychological and pedagogical conditions for the organization of the educational environment and increase the level of satisfaction in the student community with all components of the structure of learning activities as one of the main conditions for the development of psychological well-being of young people.

Genetics of environmental sensitivity and its association with variations in emotional problems, autistic traits, and wellbeing.

Greater environmental sensitivity has been associated with increased risk of mental health problems, especially in response to stressors, and lower levels of subjective wellbeing. Conversely, sensitivity also correlates with lower risk of emotional problems in the absence of adversity, and in response to positive environmental influences. Additionally, sensitivity has been found to correlate positively with autistic traits. Individual differences in environmental sensitivity are partly heritable, but it is unknown to what extent the aetiological factors underlying sensitivity overlap with those on emotional problems (anxiety and depressive symptoms), autistic traits and wellbeing. The current study used multivariate twin models and data on sensitivity, emotional problems, autistic traits, and several indices of psychological and subjective wellbeing, from over 2800 adolescent twins in England and Wales. We found that greater overall sensitivity correlated with greater emotional problems, autistic traits, and lower subjective wellbeing. A similar pattern of correlations was found for the Excitation and Sensory factors of sensitivity, but, in contrast, the Aesthetic factor was positively correlated with psychological wellbeing, though not with emotional problems nor autistic traits. The observed correlations were largely due to overlapping genetic influences. Importantly, genetic influences underlying sensitivity explained between 2 and 12% of the variations in emotional problems, autistic traits, and subjective wellbeing, independent of trait-specific or overlapping genetic influences. These findings encourage incorporating the genetics of environmental sensitivity in future genomic studies aiming to delineate the heterogeneity in emotional problems, autistic traits, and wellbeing.

Demographic correlates of indices of psychological well-being and COVID-19 related distress among South African university students

Following the COVID-19 pandemic we sought to determine the relationships between anxiety, hopelessness, alcohol use, perceived vulnerability to infection, resilience, traumatic stress, and satisfaction with life amongst university students at three tertiary higher education institutions in South Africa. Our participants were a convenience sample (N = 803) of South African students attending three universities. Participants completed an online survey that contained a battery of psychological measures that measured fear of COVID-19, Perceived Vulnerability to Disease, Resilience, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Hopelessness, Anxiety, PTSD, Alcohol Use, Traumatic Stress, and worry about infection with COVID-19. The mean age of participants was 25 (SD = 8.22), most of whom were female (51%). An increase in age amongst respondents was significantly positively correlated with hopelessness and life satisfaction, but also significantly negatively associated with symptoms of anxiety, PTSD, and alcohol use. Multivariate analysis showed that women reported significantly higher levels of fear of COVID-19, perceived vulnerability to disease, PTSD, and COVID-19 related worries compared to men and those identifying as “other.” Students at the urban university reported higher levels of fear of COVID-19, perceived vulnerability to disease, and COVID-19 related worries but lower levels of anxiety compared to those at the peri-urban and rural university. Students at the rural institution reported greater levels of alcohol use compared to those at the other institutions. Psychological distress among students was exacerbated during the pandemic. It may be useful to identify students in the first term who are struggling academically and to direct them to both academic and counseling support services.

Presenting a Model of Structural Equations Between Psychological Well-being, Religious Beliefs, and Adherence to Recreational Sports Activities

Background: This study aimed to present a model of structural equations between psychological well-being, religious beliefs, and adherence to recreational sports activities. Methods: The research method is descriptive-correlation, and the statistical population included all women participating in parks and recreation-sports centers in 2021 - 2022. Based on the population volume and using the Krejcie and Morgan table, a sample size of 348 individuals within the age range of 20 - 40 years was selected. Data collection tools were 3 questionnaires: Allport Religious Orientation, Reef Short Form of Psychological Welfare, and Exercise Adherence Questionnaire. The Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression findings showed that psychological well-being and internal religious orientation could predict adherence to sports. Results: The coefficient of explanation of prediction of adherence to sports based on psychological well-being indicators (0.511) is about 6 times higher than the coefficient of explanation of prediction of adherence to sports from internal religious orientation (0.084). These findings indicate that personal growth and positive communication with others can significantly impact women's religious orientation more than internal religious orientation. Conclusions: However, in examining the results, if the culture and religious beliefs in a country or region are opposed to women's sports and even consider women's sports impaired, psychological well-being will no longer affect women's commitment, so cultural and religious factors can be both a threatening factor in non-compliance and an encouraging factor in adhering to women's recreational sports activities.

Screen Time, Sociodemographic Factors, and Psychological Well-Being Among Young Children.

Young children's screen time increased during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020, but it is unknown whether their screen time returned to prepandemic levels in 2021. Knowledge of the relationship between screen time and child development and health will inform prevention and intervention targets and strategies. To evaluate screen time by family income and race and ethnicity in the prepandemic (ie, 2018, 2019) and pandemic (ie, 2020, 2021) periods and to examine the relationship between screen time and psychological well-being among young children in the US. Cross-sectional population-based web or mail survey study of 2018-2021 National Survey of Children's Health participants aged 6 months to 5 years. Daily screen time (<1, 1, 2, 3, or ≥4 h/d) reported by participants' primary caregivers. Flourishing and externalizing behaviors, as indicators of psychological well-being. All analyses were weighted, accounting for the complex survey sample design. Of the 48 775 participants (50.7% female), the proportion of those with high screen time (defined as ≥1 h/d for children aged 6 months-1 year and ≥2 h/d for children aged 2-5 years) was 48.5% (95% CI, 46.3%-50.7%) in 2018, 49.2% (95% CI, 47.0%-51.5%) in 2019, 55.3% (95% CI, 53.4%-57.2%) in 2020, and 50.0% (95% CI, 48.3%-51.6%) in 2021. Among children living in poverty (federal poverty level <100%), the proportion of those with high screen time was 48.7% (95% CI, 42.8%-54.6%) in 2018, 52.0% (95% CI, 45.4%-58.6%) in 2019, 60.9% (95% CI, 55.4%-66.4%) in 2020, and 58.9% (53.7%-64.1%) in 2021. Adjusted odds ratio of flourishing was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.51-0.85), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.66-0.99), 0.68 (95% CI, 0.52-0.88), and 0.53 (95% CI, 0.42-0.69) for less than 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more hours per day vs 1 hour per day of screen time, respectively, among children aged 3 to 5 years. No association between screen time and flourishing was found among children aged 6 months to 2 years. An adjusted externalizing behavior score was higher by 0.2 points (95% CI, -0.1 to 0.5), 0.5 points (95% CI, 0.3 to 0.8), 1.3 points (95% CI, 1.0 to 1.6), and 2.1 points (95% CI, 1.7 to 2.5) for less than 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more hours per day vs 1 hour per day of screen time, respectively, among children aged 3 to 5 years. In this multiyear cross-sectional study of a representative sample of young children in the US, the increased prevalence of high screen time in 2020 returned to prepandemic levels in 2021; however, it remained elevated in children living in poverty. Two hours or more of daily screen time was associated with lower psychological well-being among preschool-aged children.

(086) The Capacity to Form Stable Intimate Relationships in People with Paraphilic Interests

Abstract Introduction The yearning for intimate connection with another human being lies at the core of the human experience (Mashek &amp; Aron, 2004). Thus, the ability to form stable and close bonds serves as a crucial indicator of psychological well-being (Burman &amp; Margolin, 1992). However, for some individuals with problematic sexual interests, which may lead to sexually offensive behaviors (Chan, 2020, 2021), their capacity to form such connections may be compromised (Marshal, 1993; Ward et al., 1995). In particular, sex offenders diagnosed with paraphilic disorders often experience challenges with intimacy (Stefanska et al., 2022). Objective This study aimed to investigate emotional closeness, exclusivity, and co-dependency as components of intimacy within the general population, including individuals with sexually aggressive, minors-oriented, and combined paraphilic interests. Methods The study involved a sample of 100 men randomly selected from four groups: control men without any paraphilic interests (n = 100), men with minors-oriented interests (n = 17), men interested in sexual violence (n = 27), and a combined group of men with both sexual violence and minors-oriented interests (n = 15). We collected questionnaire data as part of an online representative survey (n = 800 men) conducted in the Czech Republic, focusing on topics like love, romance, sexual relationships, and pubertal development. Specific survey items related to emotional closeness, sexual non-exclusivity/promiscuity, and co-dependency underwent confirmatory analysis to eliminate redundancy and enhance explained variance. We defined the constructs of interest based on a literature search on sexual intimacy. Subsequently, we compared the groups on these constructs using a 1-way ANOVA with four levels of grouping variables (controls, violence, minors, combined), followed by post hoc Tukey multiple comparisons tests. Results Statistical tests revealed significant group differences in emotional closeness (F(3,150) = 6.31, p = 0.0005). Post hoc comparisons indicated that the aggression group (Δ = 1.132, p = 0.0003) and the combined group (Δ = 1.117, p = 0.0254) reported significantly lower levels of perceived emotional closeness in their sexual relationships compared to the control group. However, there were no other significant group differences found. Regarding measures of sexual non-exclusivity/promiscuity, ANOVA did not show significant differences (F(3,147) = 2.37, p = 0.073, not significant). Yet, post hoc Tukey comparisons revealed that the combined group exhibited significantly higher promiscuity compared to the control group (Δ = -1.033, p = 0.039). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the co-dependency variable. Conclusions Our findings suggest that individuals with an interest in sexual violence, and especially those with a combined interest in sexual violence and minors, perceive significantly lower levels of emotional closeness in their sexual relationships compared to individuals without any paraphilic interests. This indicates that they may struggle to feel connected and loved in their relationships. This study was funded by the grant nr. 21-31490S of the Czech Science Foundation. Disclosure No.

The Longitudinal Relationships among Casual Sex and Psychological Well-Being in Chinese College Student

This study integrates the important psychological well-being indicators (i.e., life satisfaction, psychological distress, and self-esteem) into a model framework. We used a cross-lagged panel design (CLPD) to examine the bidirectional relationship between casual sex and psychological well-being among Chinese college students. Chinese college students (N = 833) completed self-report measures (i.e., hookup behavior, life satisfaction, psychological distress, and self-esteem) at six-month intervals. The results show that the ratio of college students who reported engaging in at least one hookup experience in the past year or half a year was lower than that of Western college students. We find that college students with hookup behavior had poorer psychological well-being in later six months than those who did not engage in hookup behavior. However, previous psychological well-being did not predict subsequent hookup behavior. We discuss these findings in terms of China’s unique sexual culture to provide useful information for preventing and interfering with risky sexual behaviors and their negative consequences among Chinese college students. Specifically, this study could provide students with a more in-depth understanding of associated risks, assisting those engaged in or intending to engage in hookups to evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of such behavior. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of implementing targeted educational programs in China that address the psychological consequences of casual sex.

Личностные особенности студентов с разным уровнем психологического благополучия

The article presents the study of personality traits of psychological wellbeing of students in the 2022/23 academic year (during Russia’s Special Military operation). The study has revealed that only a small part of the students in the sampling had a high level of psychological wellbeing, and almost a third of them had a low level of psychological wellbeing. The study has found significant differences among the students with various subjective indices of psychological wellbeing. Correlations between integral indices of psychological wellbeing and students’ personality traits have been found. The following predictors of psychological wellbeing have been revealed: emotional instability, external locus of control, avoidance coping strategy (they predict the decrease of psychological wellbeing), and extraversion, self-control, expressiveness, seeking social support coping strategy (they predict the increase of psychological wellbeing).

The Relationship of Happiness and Psychological Well-Being with Perfectionism

The article is devoted to the study of the connection between happiness and psychological well­being with perfectionism. Theoretical aspects of the relationship between these psychological phenomena are considered. The results of the empirical study (n = 120) are presented. The following resource were used in the study: the Oxford Happiness Inventory; the scale of psychological well-being by K. Rieff (adapted by L. V. Zhukovskaya, E. G. Troshikhina); the technique of perfectionism detection by P. A. Schuler; the multidimensional scale of perfectionism by P. Hewitt and G. Flett (adapted by I. I. Gracheva). The differences in the level of happiness, psychological well­being and perfectionism between representatives of different socio-demographic groups were established. The correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between the indicators of happiness, psychological well-being and perfectionism. The differences were registered in the structure of correlations between female and male respondents, as well as adult and adolescent respondents, married and single ones, those with and without children.

The Role of Gratitude in Psychological Well-Being across Gender and Educational Strands

This study utilizes a quantitative approach to examine the impact of gratitude on psychological well-being across respondents of different genders and educational backgrounds. The research methodology employed is correlational and descriptive. Data was gathered from 164 participants with the use of the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21). The study began with conducting a descriptive analysis to estimate the distribution of gratitude. This was followed by performing correlational analysis and multiple regression to investigate the association between gratitude and well-being. The findings demonstrate a strong inverse relationship between gratitude scores and DASS-21 outcomes, highlighting gratitude as a valid indicator of psychological well-being across many demographic groups. Cultural and experiential characteristics, rather than gender or educational level, appeared to have an impact on the differences in how gratitude is expressed. The study’s methodology, which utilizes self-report measures, has several limitations. To address these limitations, future research should adopt a longitudinal strategy and employ different data-gathering methods. The findings underscore the significance of gratitude in fostering psychological well-being, emphasizing its capacity as a moral gauge, motivator, and enforcer in social settings. This emphasizes the importance of gratitude in promoting communal unity and personal well-being, underlining its value in academic discourse on happiness. Considering the increasing worldwide prevalence of mental health issues, these observations provide significant viewpoints on the cultural dynamics of gratitude and its potential application in educational and therapeutic environments. Keywords: Gratitude, psychological well-being, gender, educational strands

ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN OLDER ADULTS POST DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL

Abstract Previous research has investigated challenges such as scarcity in housing, the loss of life, and the onset of mental health disorders such as PTSD that persist once a person has experienced a man-made disaster. This has been analyzed in populations such as older adults and other vulnerable groups of people. However, little to no consideration has been given to how age, in combination with trauma history, relates to indicators of psychological well-being after disasters. Here, using Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST) (Carstensen, 2006) and the Strength of Vulnerability Integration Model (SAVI) (Charles, 2013) we investigated age differences in two indicators of psychological well-being—depression and anxiety—among individuals following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DHOS). Specifically, trauma history and personal exposure to the DHOS were tested as potential moderators of age differences in psychological well-being. Residents of the US Gulf Coast region (N=2,508, M age= 57.72 yrs; 60.4% Women) were contacted via telephone and asked to complete the Survey of Trauma, Resilience, and Opportunity among Neighborhoods in the Gulf (STRONG). Regression analyses were used to investigate the roles of age, prior trauma, and DHOS exposure on psychological well-being after controlling for income, education, race, and gender. Implications of the findings for disaster preparedness interventions and theories of psychological well-being across the life span are discussed.

Ценностные ориентации в психологическом благополучии подростка: итоги структурного моделирования

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;The study is aimed at identifying the contribution of value orientations to the psychological well-being in older adolescents. The structural modeling method (SEM) tested hypotheses about the relationship between subjective well-being, various personal characteristics and value orientations. The study involved 2647 students of professional educational organizations aged 16 to 19 years (mean age=17&amp;plusmn;1 years, median=17 years), of which 734 people (28%) were female, 1913 were male. Subjective well-being was measured using WHO-5 Well-Being Index and Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being. To assess personal characteristics, the Muddy hardiness test, the Troms&amp;oslash; Social Intelligence Questionnaire, and the BPAQ Bass-Perry Aggressiveness Questionnaire were selected. To study value orientations, Schwartz Value Survey was used. Modeling results show that values content and interrelations not only do not contribute to subjective well-being, but are also an "extra" component. The best model (TLI=0,90; SRMR=0,04; GFI=0,95; RMSEA=0,05) shows that the main contribution to the subjective well-being of a person is made by the degree of correspondence between the value orientations of the individual and the reference group (in the country, environment, etc.): if ideas about what values should be coincide with those a person has, then his/her subjective well-being increases.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Psychometric Characteristics of the Brazil Mood Scale among Youth and Elite Athletes Using Two Response Time Frames.

Regular assessment of the mood construct as an indicator of psychological wellbeing is used in Brazil to screen athletes for risk of mental health issues. The present study tested the psychometric characteristics of the Brazil Mood Scale (BRAMS) using both "right now" and "past week" response time frames and investigated between-group differences in mood based on athletes' sex, age, and social vulnerability. Participants were 898 athletes (511 male, 387 female, age range: 12-44 years) from eight sports. The factorial validity of the BRAMS was supported using both response time frames independently and in a multi-sample analysis. Subscale reliability was supported for both time frames. Fatigue, depression, and tension scores were higher using the "past week" time frame than the "right now" time frame. Males reported higher vigor scores than females, and younger participants (<18 years) reported lower scores for anger and depression than older participants (18+ years). No significant differences in mood (p > 0.05) were found between participants identified as socially vulnerable and those who were not socially vulnerable. Findings supported the psychometric integrity of the BRAMS and its use as a screening measure for psychological wellbeing among youth and elite athletes in Brazil.