Indicators Of Antioxidant System Research Articles

The influence of selective light on the growth reaction and antioxidant system of seedlings Pisum sativum L.

Aim. Study of the effect of red (660 nm), green (530 nm) and blue (450 nm) light on the growth processes and the state of the antioxidant system in the axial organs of seedlings of pea plants. Methods. Etiolated seedlings of pea Maecenat variety were irradiated with selective light with different spectrum of RL (660 nm), GL (530 nm), BL (450 nm) to activate photoreceptor systems of plants. In 10-day-old seedlings, growth response was determined – linear growth and biomass accumulation, as well as indicators of antioxidant system – hydrogen peroxide content and activity of oxidases – catalase and nonspecific peroxidase in axial organs of seedlings: in the aboveground part and roots. Results. Irradiation of the RL and the GL stimulates the accumulation of seedling biomass in the aboveground part and roots. BL inhibits the growth response of seedlings. The maximum stimulating effect is shown by the GL. The state of the antioxidant system in etiolated seedlings is characterized by organ specificity. Under the action of selective light, the content of the main form of ROS – hydrogen peroxide and shoots and in the roots, significantly stimulates the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes in the aboveground part of the seedling and is inhibited in the roots. The maximum effect in the aboveground part is shown by the GL, in the roots of the RL and the BL. Conclusions. The established effects of selective light irradiation are manifested differently in the aboveground and underground parts of seedlings. Possible mechanisms of connection of a condition of antioxidant system with separate aspects of signaling in photomorphogenesis of plants are discussed.
 Keywords: Pisum sativum L., selective light, RL (660 nm), GL (530 nm), BL (450 nm), growth reaction, axial organs, H2O2, catalase, peroxidase.

Морозостійкість злаків корелює з інтегральними показниками вмісту низькомолекулярних протекторних сполук і активності антиоксидантних ферментів

Along with specific adaptive reactions, universal defense reactions, in particular activation of antioxidant system, are of great importance for plant survival under cold conditions. We have studied a relationship among the content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds with antioxidant properties (proline, soluble carbohydrates, flavonoids), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase) in seedlings of winter wheat, rye and triticale, and frost resistance of etiolated seedlings and adult plants at tillering stage. It was found that there was a fairly close correlation between the frost resistance of seedlings and adult cereal plants (r = 0,78). It was shown that a pronounced relationship between individual indicators of antioxidant system functioning in unhardened seedlings and their frost resistance was not found. After 6-day hardening of seedlings at 2-4°C, there was a high correlation between the total indicator of the enzymatic antioxidant system (the sum of normalized indicators of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activity) and their frost resistance (r = 0,86), but the correlation coefficient of this index with frost resistance of plants in tillering phase was significantly lower (r = 0,47). At the same time, a high correlation was found between the content of low-molecular-weight protectors in hardened seedlings and frost resistance of tillering adult plants (r = 0.89). The closest correlation was observed between the integral normalized indicator, comprising the sum of normalized values of antioxidant enzymes activity and the content of low-molecular-weight protectors in hardened seedlings, and frost resistance of seedlings (r = 0,94) and plants in tillering phase (r = 0,89). A presence of specific features in the functioning of antioxidant system during cold adaptation of cereal seedlings was established. Rye is characterized by a high content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds; at the same time, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase and catalase - was noted in wheat seedlings. In triticale, depending on the genotype, the values of both enzymatic antioxidant activity and the content of low-molecular-weight protectors varied.

The impact of intravenous use of mesenchymal stem cells in a damaged tibia on the indicators of antioxidant system in the calf muscles

The impact of intravenous use of mesenchymal stem cells in a damaged tibia on the indicators of antioxidant system in the calf muscles

The relationship between overhydration, increased oxidative stress and peritoneal dialysis adequacy

The present study was undertaken to investigate the association of hydration status measured by bioimpedance analysis with oxidative stress biomarkers and peritoneal dialysis (PD) adequacy.
 Methods. It was a case-control study involved 85 PD patients from 2 dialysis centers in Ukraine. Among the examined patients, there were 56/85 (65.9%) men and 29/85 (34.1%) women. All patients had been undergoing PD for more than 3 months (median was 25.4 [14.0-49.5] months). Average age was 48.8 ± 12.5 years.
 Fluid compartments [extracellular water (ECW) and overhydration index (OH)] were measured using Multifrequency bio-impedance (BCM®, Fresenius Medical Care, Germany). Overhydration was defined as OH/ECW> 15%.
 Malondialdehyde concentration in serum (MDAs) and erythrocytes (MDAe) was defined as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Such parameters as the concentration of ceruloplasmin (CP), transferrin (TR) and sulfhydryl groups (SH-groups) in the blood and total peroxidase activity in erythrocyte (TPAe) were studied as the indicators of antioxidant system. Moreover, to determine the intraperitoneal oxidative stress induction, we studied MDA and TPO in PD effluent.
 Results. Among 85 PD participants, there were 38(44.7%) patients in normohydration range and 47 (55.3%) overhydrated pаtients according to the OH/ECW ratio. There were a significant increase in serum and PD effluent MDA (p = 0.01 and p = 0.001, respectively) in overhydrated PD patients whereas the concentrations of serum CP and TPA in PD effluent were significantly lower compared with normohydrated patients (p = 0.008 and p = 0.04, respectively). In addition, ECW had an inverse correlation with SH-groups (r = -0.37; p = 0.003) and MDAs (r = -0.48; p = 0.004). An odds ratio of PD inadequacy was 3.6 times higher among overhydrated patients than in normovolemic one: OR = 3.6 (95% CI 1.3-10.3; p = 0.01).
 Conclusions. Extracellular fluid overload promotes intraperitoneal and systemic oxidative stress which could be one of the pathway explanations of technique survival failure and cardiovascular mortality in overhydrated PD patients.

Oxidative Stress in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Association with the Dialysis Adequacy and Technique Survival.

Introduction:Increased oxidative stress is suggested as one of the possible mechanisms of structural and functional damage to the peritoneal membrane in peritoneal dialysis patients. But there are few available data on the association of oxidative stress with peritoneal dialysis adequacy and technique survival. The present study was undertaken to investigate the association of oxidative stress biomarkers with the peritoneal dialysis adequacy and technique survival.Methods:This prospective single-center observational study was conducted between January 2010 and May 2015. Adequacy of dialysis, malondialdehyde levels in the serum and erythrocytes (as an indicator of lipid peroxidation), the concentration of ceruloplasmin, transferrin, and sulfhydryl groups in the blood, and total peroxidase activity in erythrocyte (as indicators of antioxidant system) were determined in 44 stable ambulatory non-diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients.Results:The follow-up period was 3 years. We identified a negative correlation between the serum level of malondialdehyde in the patients and total weekly Kt/V. Peritoneal weekly CrCl was positively correlated with the levels of transferrin, total peroxidase activity, and SH– groups. Daily peritoneal ultrafiltration had a positive correlation with the total peroxidase activity and the serum transferrin levels. The results of the Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log-rank test also demonstrated a significant difference in the cumulative technique survival rate between the patients with ceruloplasmin level ≤0.19 g/l and ≥0.2 g/l.Conclusions:The results mentioned above could be considered as one of the ways to explain better technique survival in PD patients.

Взаємозв'язок між дозою тривалого активатора рецепторів еритропоетину та оксидативним стресом у хворих, які лікуються методом гемодіалізу

Наукові дані щодо дозозалежного впливу тривалого активатора рецепторів еритропоетину (ТАРЕ) на показники оксидативного стресу та перекисного окислення ліпідів мембран еритроцитів у хворих на хронічну хворобу нирок V, які лікуються гемодіалізом (ГД), є обмеженими.
 Метою нашої роботи було оцінити взаємозв’язок між застосованою дозою ТАРЕ та інтенсивністю оксидативних процесів у ГД пацієнтів. 
 Матеріал та методи. 38 ГД пацієнтів були включені до одномоментного обсерваційного дослідження. Протокол дослідження був схвалений локальною етичною комісією ДУ «Інститут нефрології НАМН України». Усі пацієнти надали письму інформовану згоду на участь у досліджені. Пацієнти були стратифіковані за квартилями (≤ 25% та ≥ 75%) відповідно до середньої дози ТАРЕ і розподілені наступним чином: I групу склали хворі, які отримували ТАРЕ більше 6 місяців у дозі ≤ 50 мкг/міс (n = 20), до II групи увійшли хворі, у яких доза ТАРЕ склала ≥ 125 мкг/міс (n = 18). Поряд із стандартними діагностичними методами досліджували концентрацію малонового діальдегіду у сироватці (МДА) й еритроцитах (MДAe), вміст у крові церулоплазміну (ЦП) та трансферину (ТР). Крім того, визначали загальну пероксидазну активність (ЗПА) у еритроцитах, проникність еритроцитарних мембран (ПЕМ), підрахували відсоток гемолізу.
 Результати. У ГД пацієнтів, які лікувались ТАРЕ у дозі ≥ 125 мкг/міс визначено підвищення концентрації ЦР (р = 0,007) та ТР (р = 0,0003), тоді як ЗПА була статистично значуще зниженою порівняно з ІІ групою (р = 0,02). Крім того, У пацієнтів І групи встановлено вищий відсоток гемолізу (р = 0,03) та ПЕМ (р ˂ 0,0001). Використовуючи модель пробіт-регресії, ми визначили дозозалежний вплив ТАРЕ на рівень ПЕМ: χ2 = 21; р ˂ 0,0001.
 Висновки. Таким чином, застосування ТАРЕ у дозі понад 125 мкг на місяць покращує антиоксидантний статус ГД хворих, але разом з тим, підвищує гемоліз еритроцитів та ПЕМ. Отримані нами дані потребують подальшого підтвердження.

THE ROLE OF GUT INDIGENOUS MICROBIOTA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN WOMEN WITH RECURRENT PYELONEPHRITIS

The aim of our study was to investigate the oxidative stress intensity depending on the content of Lactobacillus spp. in the colon of patients with recurrent pyelonephritis.
 Material and methods. The observational study involved 60 women with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage I-II: uncomplicated pyelonephritis, aged 39.5 ± 3.2 years. According to the quantitative content ofLactobacillus spp. in the patients’ intestine, the women were allocated into two groups: the first group of the patients (n = 34) had a deficit ofLactobacillus spp. in the intestine, and the second one (n = 26) had a normal content of Lactobacillus spp. Along with the standard diagnostic methods, we defined the content of malondialdehyde levels in the serum (MDAs) and erythrocytes (MDAe) spectrophotometrically as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Such parameters as the concentration of ceruloplasmin (CP), transferrin (TR) and sulfhydryl groups (SH-groups) in the blood and total peroxidase activity (TPA) in erythrocyte were studied as the indicators of antioxidant system. In addition, we calculated of oxidative stress index (OSI).
 Results. The analysis of lipid peroxidation defined a significant increase of MDA level in the serum (p = 0.008) and urine (p = 0.003) ofpatients with deficit of intestine lactobacillus spp. Moreover, in the patients ofGroup II we observed the high level of serum OSI (p = 0.03). By contrast, the TPA level was significantly reduced (p = 0.02).
 Conclusions. The results of our work confirm the experimental studies data, which demonstrate the leading role of gut indigenous microbiota in the development of oxidative stress.

The interaction between nonalcoholic steatosis, anthropometric indicators and disturbance of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense in patients with signs of obesity.

Aim - to study charac­teristics of indicators of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant system (AOS), depending on the body mass index (BMI) in patients with non-alcoholic steatosis (NASP) in combination with obesity (OB) and pathology of the biliary tract (BT). The study involved 100 patients with NASP in combination with OB and BT pathology, who at the time of sonographic and morphological study of liver biopsy presented signs of hepatic steatosis. Among the patients there were 19 men and 81 women. The average age of patients - (53,67 ± 1,11) years. The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy persons (PHP). BMI is determined by the formula Quetelet. Depending on the degree of BMI increase all patients with NASH and obe­sity were divided into three groups: 1 group – with BМI 25-29,9 kg/m 2 – ex­cessive body mass; 2 group – with BMI 30-34,9 kg/m 2 – obesity of I degree; 3 group – with BMI 35–39,9 kg/m 2 – obesity of ІІ degree. Status of LPO system was assessed by the concentration of malondialdehyde in plasma and red blood cells and the content of lipid peroxidation intermediates in the two phases of the lipid extract – isolated double bonds, diene conjugates, oksidien conjugates and the final LPO products – schiff bases. Factors of antioxidant defense activity were assessed by ceruloplasmin (CP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in erythrocyte hemolysate. All LPO indicators have been activated in the two phases of lipid extract (from p<0,05 to p<0,001 when compared with a group of PHP and p<0,05 as compared to other groups of patients) and depended on increasing BMI. Indicators of AOS – SOD and catalase in all NASP groups practically did not differ from PHP parameters and did not depend on the increase of BMI. From the CP side a compensatory increase in its activity in response to the intensification of LPO was revealed. In NASP patients in combination with OB and comorbid disorders of BT the course of the disease was associated with significant violations of the oxidant-antioxidant balance, which depended on increasing BMI parameters.

Pyrene-stimulated reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative damage in Carassius auratus

Laboratory experiments were carried out to understand the toxicology of pyrene in the goldfish Carassius auratus and investigate the potential oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo in a time-dependent manner. Pyrene bioaccumulation, induction of reactive oxygen species and the consequent biochemical responses in the liver of the fish were examined. Fish were exposed to 0.05 mg/L pyrene for different periods. The pyrene concentration in fish liver was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Free radicals were detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The activities of antioxidant enzymes, contents of nonenzymatic antioxidants and malondialdehyde (MDA) in fish liver were also determined. Results indicated that the pyrene concentrations in fish liver reached a maximum level on day 1, and then declined to a low steady state level over 7 days. The free radical significantly increased at 6 h and reached a maximum on day 2, while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and MDA content were induced, and the reduced glutathione (GSH) content was inhibited by day 2. The catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were significantly induced at 12 h. These results indicated that pyrene was rapidly bioaccumulated in fish resulting in redox cycling, and the production of free radical is an important mechanism of pyrene toxicity in C. auratus. The indicators of antioxidant system are sensitive and useful for the study of early biomarkers of pyrene exposure in fish.